scholarly journals Analysis of recreational psychedelic substance use experiences classified by substance

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Hase ◽  
Max Erdmann ◽  
Verena Limbach ◽  
Gregor Hasler
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Semantic Proximity

Abstract Rationale and objectives Differences among psychedelic substances regarding their subjective experiences are clinically and scientifically interesting. Quantitative linguistic analysis is a powerful tool to examine such differences. This study compared five psychedelic substance report groups and a non-psychedelic report group on quantitative linguistic markers of psychological states and processes derived from recreational use-based online experience reports. Methods Using 2947 publicly available online reports, we compared Ayahuasca and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT, analyzed together), ketamine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin (mushroom), and antidepressant drug use experiences. We examined word frequencies related to various psychological states and processes and semantic proximity to psychedelic and mystical experience scales. Results Linguistic markers of psychological function indicated distinct effect profiles. For example, MDMA experience reports featured an emotionally intensifying profile accompanied by many cognitive process words and dynamic-personal language. In contrast, Ayahuasca and DMT experience reports involved relatively little emotional language, few cognitive process words, increased analytical thinking-associated language, and the most semantic similarity with psychedelic and mystical experience descriptions. LSD, psilocybin mushroom, and ketamine reports showed only small differences on the emotion-, analytical thinking-, psychedelic, and mystical experience-related language outcomes. Antidepressant reports featured more negative emotional and cognitive process-related words, fewer positive emotional and analytical thinking-related words, and were generally not similar to mystical and psychedelic language. Conclusion This article addresses an existing research gap regarding the comparison of different psychedelic drugs on linguistic profiles of psychological states, processes, and experiences. The large sample of experience reports involving multiple psychedelic drugs provides valuable information that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. The results could inform experimental research into psychedelic drug effects in healthy populations and clinical trials for psychedelic treatments of psychiatric problems.

Predicting Reactions to Psychedelic Drugs: A Systematic Review of States and Traits Related to Acute Drug Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Aday ◽  
Alan K. Davis ◽  
Cayla M. Mitzkovitz ◽  
Emily K. Bloesch ◽  
Christopher C. Davoli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs

scholarly journals INTUISI SEBAGAI SALAH SATU SOLUSI MERAIH PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Sofia Sa’o
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Intuitive Thinking ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Math Problems ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Mathematical problems are often solved without using conventional methods but using intuition thinking. Intuitive thinking is a cognitive process that leads to ideas as strategies for making decisions that produce spontaneous answers in solving problems. Spontaneous answers are written and spoken expressions that help a person solve math problems without using analytical thinking. This study aims to describe the various forms of intuition that arise when students solve math problems. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method to describe students' intuitive thinking processes through test instruments and interviews. The results showed that the form of intuitive thinking that emerged was (1) affirmatory intuition, namely direct cognition to understand the problem and (2) perceptual and global components, because students made perceptions of the answer solutions to be generated, then resolved until they got the results. In addition, it was also found that intuitive thinking that is raised as a strategy in making decisions is based on feelings, intrinsics and interventions to produce answers to solving the problems faced

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy: A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Weibo and Twitter

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Su ◽  
Jia Xue ◽  
Xiaoqian Liu ◽  
Peijing Wu ◽  
Junxiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
The Impact

Many countries are taking strict quarantine policies to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) around the world, such as city lockdown. Cities in China and Italy were locked down in the early stage of the pandemic. The present study aims to examine and compare the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on individuals’ psychological states in China and Italy. We achieved the aim by (1) sampling Weibo users (geo-location = Wuhan, China) and Twitter users (geo-location = Lombardy, Italy); (2) fetching all the users’ published posts two weeks before and after the lockdown in each region (e.g., the lockdown date of Wuhan was 23 January 2020); (3) extracting the psycholinguistic features of these posts using the Simplified Chinese and Italian version of Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary; and (4) conducting Wilcoxon tests to examine the changes in the psycholinguistic characteristics of the posts before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. Results showed that individuals focused more on “home”, and expressed a higher level of cognitive process after a lockdown in both Wuhan and Lombardy. Meanwhile, the level of stress decreased, and the attention to leisure increased in Lombardy after the lockdown. The attention to group, religion, and emotions became more prevalent in Wuhan after the lockdown. Findings provide decision-makers timely evidence on public reactions and the impacts on psychological states in the COVID-19 context, and have implications for evidence-based mental health interventions in two countries.

Amphetamine and antidepressant drug effects on GABA- and NMDA-related seizures

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Borowski ◽  
R.Duncan Kirkby ◽  
Larry Kokkinidis
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Drug Effects

scholarly journals Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity

JAMA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay C. Fournier ◽  
Robert J. DeRubeis ◽  
Steven D. Hollon ◽  
Sona Dimidjian ◽  
Jay D. Amsterdam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Depression Severity

scholarly journals Psychedelic Epistemology: William James and the “Noetic Quality” of Mystical Experience

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Ron Cole-Turner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
William James ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Subjective States

William James proposed in 1902 that states of mystical experience, central to his idea of religious experience, can be identified based on their ineffability and their noetic quality. The epistemological category of the noetic quality, modified by W. T. Stace in 1960, plays a central but somewhat confounding role in today’s biomedical research involving psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and LSD. Using scales based on James, it can be shown that psychedelics “reliably occasion” intense subjective states of experience or mystical states. It is debated whether these states are necessary for the wide range of possible mental health therapeutic benefits that appear to follow. This paper reviews what James said about the noetic quality and its relationship to religious experience, epistemology, and states of mystical experience. It explores how the noetic quality is measured in today’s research, addressing a growing list of concerns that psychedelic science can be epistemologically biased, that it is hostile to atheistic or physicalist views, that it injects religion unduly into science, or that it needs to find ways to eliminate the mystical element, if not the entire intense subjective experience altogether.

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