scholarly journals Influence of methodological choices on maintenance and replacement in building LCA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Francart ◽  
Torun Widström ◽  
Tove Malmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Major Operation ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Previous life cycle assessments (LCAs) of buildings and building components show a broad range of values for the impact of maintenance and replacement, some highlighting these operations as major hotspots while others consider them insignificant. This article highlights methodological aspects explaining this discrepancy. The influence of three aspects is investigated further in a case study of façade materials: the reference study period (RSP), service life data, and the use of a round-up number of operations or annualized impacts. Methods A comparative LCA of seven façade alternatives is carried out as an illustrative case study. For each alternative, global warming potential (GWP) is calculated using three possible RSPs, four possible material service lives (one from industry practitioners and low, standard and high values from a generic database), and two possible calculation methods (round-up or annualized impacts). Results and discussion While the same façade alternative had the lowest GWP in all cases, different methodological choices significantly affected the GWP and respective ranking of other alternatives. Some alternatives showed a significant increase in GWP over longer RSPs, while others were still dominated by the impact of initial production after 200 years. In nearly all cases, generic service life data lead to a higher GWP than data from industry practitioners. Major discrepancies were found between generic and practitioner data in some cases, e.g., for the brick façade. In most cases, annualized impacts led to a slightly lower (or equal) GWP than using a round-up number of operations. However, when a major operation happens shortly before the end of the RSP, the annualized method leads to considerably lower GWP. Conclusions Maintenance and replacement are rarely significant over a 50-year RSP but sometimes become hotspots over longer RSPs. Using round-up operations or annualized impacts does not make much difference in average, but leads to significantly different results in specific cases. As building LCA enters certification and regulation, there is a need to harmonize such methodological choices, as they affect LCA results, hotspot identification, and recommendations. Discrepancies in service life data also call for the gathering of reliable data.

scholarly journals ‘Felt security’ as a means of facilitating imagery rescripting in psychosis: a clinical protocol and illustrative case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Newman-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
List Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Imagery Rescripting ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract People with psychosis do not have routine access to trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions such as imagery rescripting (IR), partly due to clinical caution. This case study describes the use of a simple imagery task designed to engender ‘felt security’, as a means of facilitating IR with a woman struggling with distressing memory intrusions, linked to her voices and paranoia. We assessed the impact of the felt security task, which was used before IR to enable Kip to engage in reprocessing of her trauma memories, and again after IR so that she would leave sessions feeling safe. The brief imagery task was effective in improving felt security before IR sessions. Felt security then reduced during IR, when distressing material was recalled and reprocessed, and increased again when the task was repeated. It is not yet clear whether trauma-focused interventions such as IR need to be routinely adapted for people with psychosis. In the event that individuals express concerns about IR, if the person’s formulation indicates that high levels of arousal may trigger an exacerbation of voices, paranoia or risk, or where clinicians are otherwise concerned about interventions likely to increase emotional arousal in the short term, the felt security task may facilitate safe and effective reprocessing of trauma memories. This in turn may increase access to trauma-focused CBT for people with psychosis. Key learning aims (1) To understand that people with psychosis need access to trauma-focused CBT. (2) To be familiar with a simple attachment-based imagery task designed to foster ‘felt security’. (3) To learn that this task may facilitate imagery rescripting in people with psychosis.

Populism and Secularism in Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Eren Tatari
Keyword(s):  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
The State ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
The Political ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the impact of two key components of Kemalist ideology, populism and secularism, on the policymaking process of modern Turkey by utilizing historical institutionalism and the political-cultural approach. The Headscarf Ban Policy, which has been implemented discretionarily since 1981 and intensively since 1997, provides an illustrative case study of the broader debates over freedom of religion, secularism, and democracy, and helps to uncover the influence of populism and secularism, as well as the interaction between these two principles. The analysis reveals the principle of populism, which has been much overlooked in the literature, as a key determinant of state-centric reforms as well as a method of legitimizing the undemocratic version of secularism advocated by the state.

An Optimization Framework for Job Rotation to Better Assess the Impact on Overall Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vinel ◽  
Amir Mehdizadeh ◽  
Mark C. Schall ◽  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Richard F. Sesek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Job Rotation ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
Job Pool ◽  
The Impact

We aim to study the potential of job rotation schemes to improve worker safety. To this end, we developed a novel optimization framework based on a recently proposed fatigue-failure model for musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risk evaluation. We then employed it to conduct an illustrative case study. We demonstrate that the effect of job rotation is highly dependent on the composition of the job pool. Namely, if the job pool contains high-risk tasks (e.g., those carrying greater than 90% probability of developing a disorder), then it may be impossible to observe any risk improvement with rotations alone. On the other hand, if all jobs are already relatively low-risk, then a rotation may be very helpful in achieving risk equity.

Populism and Secularism in Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eren Tatari
Keyword(s):  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
The State ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
The Political ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the impact of two key components of Kemalist ideology, populism and secularism, on the policymaking process of modern Turkey by utilizing historical institutionalism and the political-cultural approach. The Headscarf Ban Policy, which has been implemented discretionarily since 1981 and intensively since 1997, provides an illustrative case study of the broader debates over freedom of religion, secularism, and democracy, and helps to uncover the influence of populism and secularism, as well as the interaction between these two principles. The analysis reveals the principle of populism, which has been much overlooked in the literature, as a key determinant of state-centric reforms as well as a method of legitimizing the undemocratic version of secularism advocated by the state.

Providing Evidence-Based Supports to Students in the Aftermath of a Crisis

2020 ◽  
pp. 413-434
Author(s):  
Philip J. Lazarus ◽  
Franci Crepeau-Hobson ◽  
Kathy Sievering ◽  
Cathy Kennedy-Paine
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Mass Shooting ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
Levels Of Functioning ◽  
The Impact

This chapter focuses on strategies that can be implemented in the aftermath of a school or community crisis to help restore the exposed students’ basic problem-solving abilities and help them return to precrisis levels of functioning or, depending on the impact and severity of the incidents, to adjust to a new normal. The authors first focus on empirically supported elements of crisis intervention that can be implemented within a multitiered model of service delivery. These include promoting a sense of safety, calming and supporting fearful individuals, engendering a sense of self and collective efficacy, increasing feelings of connectedness with others, and instilling hope in victims. Practical intervention strategies are provided regarding responding to mass shooting incidents, deaths of students and faculty, student suicide, and natural disasters. The chapter includes an illustrative case study and concludes with lessons learned from the authors’ experiences as school- and university-based crisis responders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document