scholarly journals Analysing Diversion Processes in German Secondary Education: School-Track Effects on Educational Aspirations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Bittmann ◽  
Steffen Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Academic Track ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Using Data

AbstractEducational aspirations can be regarded as a predictor of final educational attainment, rendering this construct highly relevant for analysing the development of educational inequalities in panel data settings. In the context of the German tracked secondary school system, we analysed school-track effects on the development of educational aspirations. Using data from five consecutive waves of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we selected a sample of high-performing students with initially high aspirations. Our results indicate that pupils in the nonacademic track or with a low social origin tend to lower their aspirations significantly more often than pupils in the academic track or pupils with a high social origin. With mediation analyses, we demonstrate that these differences can be attributed to learning environments at the school level. We also show that the downward adjustment of aspirations in the nonacademic track is less pronounced for students from highly educated families than for students from low-education family backgrounds.

Does Compressing High School Duration Affect Students’ Stress and Mental Health? Evidence from the National Educational Panel Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Sophie Quis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
German State ◽  
Instruction Time ◽  
Academic Track ◽  
School Duration ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Starting in 2004/2005, the German state Baden-Wurttemberg reduced academic track duration from nine to eight years, leaving cumulative instruction time mostly unchanged. I use this change in schooling policy to identify the effect of increased schooling intensity on students’ internalizing mental health problems and perceived stress. Using data on 2306 students from the Additional Study Baden-Wurttemberg of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), estimates show strong negative effects on internalizing mental health problems for girls and an increase in stress for both genders.

scholarly journals Academic track mismatch and the temporal development of well-being and competences in German secondary education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Observation Window ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Academic Track ◽  
Health And Well Being

Formal education is one of the most influential predictors of professional success. As parents in Germany are aware of the importance of education, they often try to enable their children to enrol in the prestigious academic schooling track (Gymnasium). This explains why the transition recommendation made by the teacher after the fourth grade is sometimes ignored if the desired track was not recommended for a particular student. How the mismatch between the teacher’s recommendation and the parents’ choice of schooling for their child affects the child’s development is not sufficiently known. It is very likely that such a mismatch can have consequences for the child’s well-being, competences and overall academic success. Based on five consecutive panel waves of German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) data (waves 1 to 5, collected between 2010 and 2016) (n = 2;790 in wave 1), our analyses demonstrate that social background and the probability of ignoring a teacher’s recommendation are associated, and that highly educated parents are more likely to overrule the teacher’s recommendation. Panel regression models show that pupils who pursued the academic track (Gymnasium) despite the absence of a teacher’s recommendation were more likely to drop out of the academic schooling track, and were not able to catch up with their peers with respect to both objective and subjective academic competences over the entire observation window. However, the models also show that academic track mismatch did not seem to negatively influence the health and well-being of these pupils.

scholarly journals Work-related online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Kleinert ◽  
Gundula Zoch ◽  
Basha Vicari ◽  
Martin Ehlert
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Educationally Disadvantaged ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has made access to face-to-face learning opportunities—the most common form of adult learning—impossible. Many firms have scaled back their training investments due to economic uncertainty. One way to fill these gaps is through self-directed learning via the Internet. Learning opportunities via apps and online videos are available flexibly in terms of time and location. But can online learning substitute for the lack of face-to-face courses, especially in the workplace where constant skill updating becomes ever more important? We wanted to know if online learning opportunities were used more in the first months of the pandemic, and if so, for which purposes and by which groups. Using data from the Adult Cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS-SC6) and a supplementary web survey conducted in May and June 2020, we show that the work-related use of online learning was stronger in these months than before the crisis. At the same time, however, educational inequalities in the use of such opportunities were larger than before the pandemic. Thus, the expansion of online learning seems to benefit highly educated workers rather than educationally disadvantaged groups.

scholarly journals Practical Nutrition Knowledge Mediates the Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Diet Quality in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Deroover ◽  
Tamara Bucher ◽  
Corneel Vandelanotte ◽  
Hein de Vries ◽  
Mitch J. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Purpose: To investigate the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic/health factors on diet quality through practical nutrition knowledge (PNK) about how to compose a balanced meal. Design: A cross-sectional study using data from an online survey of the 10 000 Steps cohort (data collected November-December 2016). Setting: Australia. Participants: Adults (n = 8161). Response rate was 16.7%. Measures: Self-reported lifestyle, health, and sociodemographic characteristics, including diet quality and PNK. Analysis: The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to conduct the mediation analyses. Results: Better diet quality was associated with being female, older, more highly educated, and having a lower body mass index. Mediation analysis showed that PNK significantly mediated the associations between sex (a*b = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39-0.70) and education (vocational education: a*b = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.12-0.35, university: a*b = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.35-0.64), and diet quality. Practical nutrition knowledge suppressed the association between age and diet quality (a*b = −0.03, 95% CI = −0.04 to −0.03). Conclusion: Variations in diet quality between sociodemographic groups were partially explained by differences in PNK, suggesting that focusing public health efforts on increasing this specific knowledge type might be promising.

scholarly journals Social Origins of German Emigrants: Maintaining Social Status Through International Mobility?

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Nils Witte ◽  
Reinhard Pollak ◽  
Andreas Ette
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Background ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Fluidity

AbstractThe prospect of upward social mobility is a central motive for international migration. Curiously, the nexus of spatial and social mobility attracted attention only relatively late and existing research on intergenerational social mobility usually concentrates on the constellation within the nation state. This chapter expands on this literature by investigating the intergenerational social mobility of international German migrants from the perspective of the country of origin. First, we focus on the social origin of internationally mobile and non-mobile persons using data from the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). How do the two groups differ in their social background? What kinds of capitals do international migrants inherit from their parents? In a second step, this chapter explores the differences in social fluidity between migrants and non-migrants. Does international mobility increase social fluidity? Our findings suggest that German emigrants are positively selected in terms of their social origin. Their parents are more likely to have academic degrees and to belong to the upper service classes compared with non-migrants. Although social fluidity is not significantly higher among emigrants compared with non-migrants, their risk of downward social mobility is significantly reduced.

Achter de feiten aan leren

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Sanders ◽  
Roland Blonk ◽  
Goedele Geuskens ◽  
Andries de Grip
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Knowledge Deficit ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Knowledge Deficits ◽  
Short Courses ◽  
Skills Shortages

Learning lags behind events; does training help older employees recover from perceived skills shortages Learning lags behind events; does training help older employees recover from perceived skills shortages Organizational and technological changes are occurring ever more rapidly, and employees are faced with increasing deficits in their knowledge. Because of this, not only is individual employability under pressure, but also the competitiveness and innovativeness of companies and institutions. Remedying or even preventing these knowledge deficits are therefore an important challenge for both employer and employee. The need to address these deficits is even more applicable for the vulnerable group of workers that are low skilled and older. Using data from more than 7,000 older workers who participated in the longitudinal STREAM panel study, this study shows that only substantial training contributes to the reduction of a knowledge deficit. Instructions at work and short courses do not. Between older workers with lower levels of education and intermediate or highly educated older workers and between older workers in stable organizations and older workers in unstable organizations were found in the contribution of substantial training to the reduction of knowledge deficits.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

Measurement invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in parents of individuals with disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Park ◽  
Joungmin Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Invariance Model

We aimed to verify the factor model and measurement invariance of the abbreviated Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale by conducting a confirmatory factor analysis using data from 761 parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities who completed the scale as part of the 2011 Survey on the Actual Conditions of Individuals with Developmental Disabilities, South Korea, and 7,301 participants from the general population who completed the scale as part of the 2011 Welfare Panel Study and Survey by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, South Korea. We used fit indices to assess data reliability and Amos 22.0 for data analysis. According to the results, the 4-factor model had an appropriate fit to the data and the regression coefficients were significant. However, the chi-square difference test result was nonsignificant; therefore, the metric invariance model was the most appropriate measurement invariance model for the data. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Do Well-off Families Compensate for Low Cognitive Ability? Evidence on Social Inequality in Early Schooling from a Twin Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Gil-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Educational Transitions ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Academic Track ◽  
Early Schooling ◽  
Academic Potential

This article bridges the literature on educational inequality between and within families to test whether high–socioeconomic status (SES) families compensate for low cognitive ability in the transition to secondary education in Germany. The German educational system of early-ability tracking (at age 10) represents a stringent setting for the compensatory hypothesis. Overall, previous literature offers inconclusive findings. Previous research between families suffers from the misspecification of parental SES and ability, while most within-family research did not stratify the analysis by SES or the ability distribution. To address these issues, I draw from the TwinLife study to implement a twin fixed-effects design that minimizes unobserved confounding. I report two main findings. First, highly educated families do not compensate for twins’ differences in cognitive ability at the bottom of the ability distribution. In the German system of early-ability tracking, advantaged families may have more difficulties to compensate than in countries where educational transitions are less dependent on ability. Second, holding parents’ and children’s cognitive ability constant, pupils from highly educated families are 27% more likely to attend the academic track. This result implies wastage of academic potential for disadvantaged families, challenging the role of cognitive ability as the leading criterion of merit for liberal theories of equal opportunity. These findings point to the importance of other factors that vary between families with different resources and explain educational success, such as noncognitive abilities, risk aversion to downward mobility, and teachers’ bias.

scholarly journals Causal mediation analysis with multiple causally non-ordered mediators

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Taguri ◽  
John Featherstone ◽  
Jing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Intermediate Variable ◽  
Causal Mediation ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

In many health studies, researchers are interested in estimating the treatment effects on the outcome around and through an intermediate variable. Such causal mediation analyses aim to understand the mechanisms that explain the treatment effect. Although multiple mediators are often involved in real studies, most of the literature considered mediation analyses with one mediator at a time. In this article, we consider mediation analyses when there are causally non-ordered multiple mediators. Even if the mediators do not affect each other, the sum of two indirect effects through the two mediators considered separately may diverge from the joint natural indirect effect when there are additive interactions between the effects of the two mediators on the outcome. Therefore, we derive an equation for the joint natural indirect effect based on the individual mediation effects and their interactive effect, which helps us understand how the mediation effect works through the two mediators and relative contributions of the mediators and their interaction. We also discuss an extension for three mediators. The proposed method is illustrated using data from a randomized trial on the prevention of dental caries.

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