Wheat yield losses from pests and pathogens in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 107821
Author(s):  
Qingqing Zhang ◽  
Xingyuan Men ◽  
Cang Hui ◽  
Feng Ge ◽  
Fang Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Losses

scholarly journals WATER USE EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT CULTIVATED UNDER COMPETITION WITH Setaria

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Z. IHSAN ◽  
F.S. EL-NAKHLAWY ◽  
S.M. ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Understanding the critical period of weed competition is indispensable in the development of an effective weed management program in field crops. Current experiment was planned to evaluate the critical growth period ofSetaria and level of yield losses associated with delay in weeding in rain-fed drip irrigated wheat production system of Saudi Arabia. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of weeding interval (07-21, 14-28, 21-35, 28-42 and 35-49 days after sowing) and drought stress (75% and 50% of field capacity) on Setaria growth, wheat yield and water use efficiency. Season long weedy check and wellwatered (100% FC) plots were also maintained for comparison. Weeding interval and drought stress significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth and yield of Setaria and wheat. Drought stress from 75% to 50% FC resulted in reductions of 29-40% in Setaria height, 14-27% in Setaria density and 11-26% in Setaria dry biomass. All weeding intervals except 35-49 DAS significantly suppressedSetaria growth as compared with control. Delay in weeding increased weed-crop competition interval and reduced wheat yield and yield contributors. Therefore, the lowest yield of 1836 kg ha-1 was attained for weeding interval of 35-49 DAS at 50% FC. Water use efficiency and harvest index increased with decreasing FC levels but reduced with delay in weeding. Correlation analysis predicted negative association ofSetariadensity with wheat yield and yield contributors and the highest negative association was for harvest index (-0.913) and water use efficiency (-0.614). Early management of Setaria is imperative for successful wheat production otherwise yield losses are beyond economical limits.

Effects of delaying chemical fallowing in pasture rotations on pasture quality and wheat yield in the Victorian Wimmera

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ O'Leary ◽  
RM Binns ◽  
TR Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Chemical Fallow ◽  
Conservation Method

The effects of delaying chemical fallowing in a pasture rotation on pasture quality and subsequent wheat yield were investigated at sites near Minyip and Charlton, Victoria, in 1983 and 1984. Three chemical fallows were commenced at different times and were compared with a conventionally cultivated fallow. The earliest chemical fallow was established, together with a conventional fallow, at the end of winter. The second chemical fallow commenced towards the end of the rapid spring growth period in mid-October (early hayfreezing), and the third in mid- November (late hayfreezing) on a grass-dominant pasture. The pasture in spring ranged from 51 to 72% digestible dry matter (DDM) but the quality declined to 42-50% DDM by the end of the fallow treatments in autumn at each site in both years. Weathering of the pasture over summer reduced it to roughage. In contrast to a conventional fallow, early hayfreezing of pasture reduced the yield of subsequent wheat crops at Minyip by 14% in 1984 and 26% in 1985. Late hayfreezing caused losses of around 35% in each year at Minyip. At Charlton yield losses were much lower with only 14% loss observed from late hayfreezing in 1985. Because the feed produced by hayfreezing was of very poor quality, hayfreezing cannot be recommended as a viable fodder conservation method as it could not adequately compensate for any yield loss.

scholarly journals Soil Water Availability Modulation Over Estimated Relative Yield Losses in Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Due to Ozone Exposure

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 605-625
Author(s):  
Daniel De la Torre ◽  
Maria Jose Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Ozone Fluxes

The approach developed by Fuhrer in 1995 to estimate wheat yield losses induced by ozone and modulated by the soil water content (SWC) was applied to the data on Catalonian wheat yields. The aim of our work was to apply this approach and adjust it to Mediterranean environmental conditions by means of the necessary corrections. The main objective pursued was to prove the importance of soil water availability in the estimation of relative wheat yield losses as a factor that modifies the effects of tropospheric ozone on wheat, and to develop the algorithms required for the estimation of relative yield losses, adapted to the Mediterranean environmental conditions. The results show that this is an easy way to estimate relative yield losses just using meteorological data, without using ozone fluxes, which are much more difficult to calculate. Soil water availability is very important as a modulating factor of the effects of ozone on wheat; when soil water availability decreases, almost twice the amount of accumulated exposure to ozone is required to induce the same percentage of yield loss as in years when soil water availability is high.

Estimating yield losses in wheat resulting from infestation by doublegee (Emex australis)

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Gilbey
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Emex Australis ◽  
Percentage Yield

The effect of doublegee (Emex australis) density on wheat yield was studied in a field trial. Percentage yield reduction (y) was related to doublegee plants m-2 at 1 week (x1) and 8 weeks (x2) after seeding thus: y = 10.3 + 0.24 x1 r = 0.78*** y = 5.6 + 0.44 x2 r = 0.86*** showing that estimates of doublegee density could be used for forecasting crop yield losses before it is too late to spray. No further yield loss occurred when x1 was greater than 120 plants metre-2. Doublegee seedling mortality that occurred during the seven weeks between plant counts was strongly related to the initial counts (x1) thus: r = 0.88***.

Yield losses in wheat from yellow spot: a disease-loss relationship derived from single tillers

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Rees ◽  
RJ Mayer ◽  
GJ Platz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Percentage Loss ◽  
Average Loss

The effect of yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) on wheat yield has been examined with a single-tiller technique. The disease was assessed on c. 1000 tagged main stems in each of five wheat crops. Grain yield, its components, and harvest index were measured on each tiller. In most cases these response variables were significantly correlated with yellow spot levels. The disease-loss relationship, L = 0.26X, was developed where L is the percentage loss in grain yield per main head and X is the average level of yellow spot on the top two leaves at around the milk stage of grain development. From four of the crops examined, an average loss of 12.7 % in grain yield per main head was estimated. Under environmental conditions which particularly favour disease development, the losses derived from this relationship are probably underestimated.

Predicting potential winter wheat yield losses caused by multiple disease systems and climatic conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radivoje Jevtić ◽  
Vesna Župunski ◽  
Mirjana Lalošević ◽  
Ljubica Župunski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

scholarly journals Impacts of Crop Variety and Time of Inoculation on the Susceptibility and Tolerance of Winter Wheat to Wheat streak mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1060-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Miller ◽  
F. Menalled ◽  
D. Ito ◽  
M. Moffet ◽  
M. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Impact

Plant genotype, age, size, and environmental factors can modify susceptibility and tolerance to disease. Understanding the individual and combined impacts of these factors is needed to define improved disease management strategies. In the case of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) in winter wheat, yield losses and plant susceptibility have been found to be greatest when the crop is exposed to the virus in the fall in the central and southern Great Plains. However, the seasonal dynamics of disease risk may be different in the northern Great Plains, a region characterized by a relatively cooler fall conditions, because temperature is known to modify plant–virus interactions. In a 2-year field study conducted in south-central Montana, we compared the impact of fall and spring WSMV inoculations on the susceptibility, tolerance, yield, and grain quality of 10 winter wheat varieties. Contrary to previous studies, resistance and yields were lower in the spring than in the fall inoculation. In all, 5 to 7% of fall-inoculated wheat plants were infected with WSMV and yields were often similar to uninoculated controls. Spring inoculation resulted in 45 to 57% infection and yields that were 15 to 32% lower than controls. Although all varieties were similarly susceptible to WSMV, variations in tolerance (i.e., yield losses following exposure to the virus) were observed. These results support observations that disease risk and impacts differ across the Great Plains. Possible mechanisms include variation in climate and in the genetic composition of winter wheat and WSMV across the region.

Insect pests and management technologies in dryland wheat in Washington

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
K. S. Pike ◽  
L. K. Tanigoshi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Losses

AbstractSix species of ophids (Homoptera: Aphididae) are the most economically significant insect pests of wheat in Washington. Management technologies under development or in use in Washington emphasize biorational approaches, including development and use of resistance germplasm, manipulation of pest populations through cropping systems, and development of biological controls. We review wheat yield losses caused by aphids, their biological control, and the effects of conservation tillage and systemic seed treatment.

Commercial generations of Brassica napus cause greater yield loss in Triticum aestivum, than volunteer B. napus generations

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J Seerey ◽  
S J Shirtliffe
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Volunteer canola (Brassica napus L.) has become a common weed in producer fields, due to the large area cropped, and inherent harvest losses. Commonly grown B. napus varieties which segregate in subsequent generations to create volunteers with unknown competitive capabilities are developed by hybrid genetics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of volunteer B. napus variety and generation on competition yield loss in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two hybrid and one open-pollinated B. napus varieties with three consecutive generations produced from each variety were grown at varying densities in a wheat stand over 5 site-years. Yield loss depended on the density of B. napus in relation to total plant density. Generational differences in B. napus seedlings resulted in differences in wheat yield losses. Brassica napus densities at maturity provided a more robust model of wheat yield loss, as there were differences in wheat yield losses due to the interaction of generation and variety of B. napus. Commercial seed generations were the most competitive plants, while volunteer generations were less competitive. The amount of yield loss caused by volunteer B. napus was highly variable. The availability of low-priced herbicides, and the competitive ability of volunteer B. napus may allow for economic thresholds concerning weed control to be surpassed at low densities of volunteer B. napus populations. Key words: Competition, hybrid, open-pollinated, volunteer weed, seedling mortality, mature density, seedling density, feral

scholarly journals Wheat and Barley Susceptibility and Tolerance to Multiple Isolates of Wheat streak mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lehnhoff ◽  
Zachariah Miller ◽  
Fabian Menalled ◽  
Dai Ito ◽  
Mary Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cultivar Screening

One of the greatest virus disease threats to wheat production in the Great Plains of the USA is Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Breeding programs have developed wheat varieties that are resistant or tolerant to WSMV infection, but these characteristics are climate dependent, and may also vary by WSMV isolate. We tested 10 spring and nine winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and two barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties for resistance and tolerance to one WSMV isolate over four years. In spring wheat and barley, there were year by cultivar interactions in terms of resistance and tolerance. However, in winter wheat, yield losses due to WSMV were relatively consistent across years and varieties. Additionally, we tested the impacts of three WSMV isolates individually and in a mixture on twelve, two, and twelve varieties of spring wheat, barley, and winter wheat, respectively. Resistance and tolerance varied by isolate and cultivar, but there were no isolate by cultivar interactions. For spring wheat and barley, yield impacts were greater for two of the three single isolates than for the isolate mixture, whereas in winter wheat, the isolate mixture caused greater yield losses than the individual isolates. Overall, the results indicate that resistance and tolerance phenotypes were influenced by environmental conditions and by WSMV isolate or combination of isolates, suggesting that cultivar screening should be conducted over multiple years and with multiple virus isolates.

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