scholarly journals “Old age scares me”: Exploring young adults' feelings about aging before and during COVID-19

2022 ◽  
pp. 100998
Author(s):  
Lindsey B. Anderson ◽  
Patricia E. Gettings
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Old Age

scholarly journals Bilingualism as a resource for neuroplasticity: a hypothesis to be considered

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mirela Ramacciotti
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Network Reconfiguration ◽  
Attentional Network ◽  
Positive Correlations

This is a review of the lecture Does Bilingualism Affect Cognitive and Brain Structures? Facts and Fictions by Ellen Bialystok on June 30th, 2020 for Abralin. Aspects of bilingualism, inhibition and selective attention are examined to demonstrate where research shows positive correlations (life endpoints: infancy and old age) and where it remains unclear (young adults). Reasons for this are examined and the unity and diversity model upon which predictions have been made is disputed. A contention for a different outlook in research on bilingualism posits that better explanations can be found in looking at attentional network reconfiguration and neuroplasticity adaptations.

scholarly journals Biochemical Markers for Puberty in the Monkey Testis: Desmosterol and Docosahexaenoic Acid1

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1911-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Connor ◽  
Don S. Lin ◽  
Martha Neuringer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern

Abstract We previously reported that the sperm of rhesus monkeys and humans uniquely contain large amounts of desmosterol not found in other tissues and have a high concentration of the highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3). However, the lipid composition of the testis, from which sperm originate, is unknown. During puberty, the testis undergoes remarkable morphological changes as testosterone levels rise and sperm production begins. We hypothesized that testicular maturation might also involve dramatic changes in lipid composition. Accordingly, we characterized the sterol and fatty acid composition of the testis of rhesus monkeys throughout the lifespan, from birth to old age. Although the cholesterol content in the testis remained relatively unchanged throughout life, the desmosterol content first decreased from 59 μg/g in infants to 6 μg/g in prepubertal monkeys, increased to 83 μg/g during puberty, and reached a plateau of 248 μg/g in the young adult, where it remained into old age. The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of the testis also changed markedly. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) increased from 5.1% of total fatty acids in infants and juveniles to 18.1% in postpubertal young adults. Although some n-6 fatty acids, arachidonic (20:4 n-6) and linoleic (18:2 n-6), decreased from 16.0% and 10.0% in prepubertal juveniles, respectively, to 7.1% and 3.3% in young adults; dihomogamma-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6), the precursor of 1 series PGs, increased greatly from 1.8% to 10.3%. Similar changes occurred in both membrane and storage lipids (phospholipids and triglycerides), respectively. After puberty, the testicular fatty acid pattern remained stable into old age. Our data demonstrated that puberty is accompanied by substantial changes in the lipid composition of the primate testis. These changes suggest that desmosterol and both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids may have important roles in sexual maturation.

Gendered Perceptions of Aging: An Examination of College Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Barrett ◽  
Carmen Von Rohr
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Attitudes Toward Elderly ◽  
Life Attitudes ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Aging Anxiety

Few studies examine how the gendered nature of aging impacts young adults—shaping their images of later life, attitudes toward elderly persons, aging anxieties, and conceptions of the start of “old age.” We examine gender differences in young adults' views of elders and the aging process using a survey of college students and content analysis of student-drawn sketches of elders ( N = 391). Results indicate that both genders hold more positive images of elderly women than men; however, they view “old age” as beginning at a younger age for women. In addition, we find that, compared with men, women report later starts of “old age” for both genders and more favorable attitudes toward elders, but also greater aging anxiety.

Consciousness is slower than you think

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rabbitt
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Incorrect Response ◽  
Response Signal ◽  
Subsequent Recall

In easy serial choice reaction time tasks (CRT tasks) young adults can very rapidly “correct” nearly all their errors by making the responses that they should have made (error-correcting responses). They are much less accurate at signalling their errors by making the same, deliberate, response to each (error-signalling responses), and they poorly remember errors that they have not signalled or corrected. When instructed to ignore errors they nevertheless involuntarily register them because the response immediately following them (responses following unacknowledged errors) are unusually slow, and they sometimes make involuntary error correction responses. Errors that are neither signalled nor remembered are registered at some level because responses following unacknowledged errors are slowed. Old age does not impair the accuracy of error correction or reduce the proportion of errors that are acknowledged because they are followed by unusually slow responses, but it does reduce the accuracy of error signalling and of recall of errors. Groups of 40 young adults (mean age 20.1 years, SD 1.1) and 40 older adults (mean 71.2 years, SD 5.1) signalled and recalled their errors increasingly accurately as intervals between each response and the next signal were increased from 150 ms to 1000 ms. Error signalling and recall improved as response-signal interval (RSI) durations increased, reaching asymptote at RSIs of 800 ms for the young and 1000 ms for the older adults. Thus processes necessary for conscious and deliberate choice or error-signalling responses and for subsequent recall of errors require more than 150 ms to complete, are slowed by old age, and may be interrupted by onset of new signals occurring earlier than 800 to 1000 ms after completion of an incorrect response.

scholarly journals A lifespan program of mouse synaptome architecture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa Cizeron ◽  
Zhen Qiu ◽  
Babis Koniaris ◽  
Ragini Gokhale ◽  
Noboru H. Komiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Brain Circuitry ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Brain

AbstractHow synapses change molecularly during the lifespan and across all brain circuits is unknown. We analyzed the protein composition of billions of individual synapses from birth to old age on a brain-wide scale in the mouse, revealing a program of changes in the lifespan synaptome architecture spanning individual dendrites to the systems level. Three major phases were uncovered, corresponding to human childhood, adulthood and old age. An arching trajectory of synaptome architecture drives the differentiation and specialization of brain regions to a peak in young adults before dedifferentiation returns the brain to a juvenile state. This trajectory underscores changing network organization and hippocampal physiology that may account for lifespan transitions in intellectual ability and memory, and the onset of behavioral disorders.One sentence summaryThe synaptome architecture of the mouse brain undergoes continuous changes that organize brain circuitry across the lifespan.

Effects of Age on Searching for and Enumerating Targets that Cannot be Detected Efficiently

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick G. Watson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Maylor ◽  
Lucy A. M. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Counting Function ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Task Differences

We investigated the effects of old age on search, subitizing, and counting of difficult-to-find targets. In Experiment 1, young and older adults enumerated targets (Os) with and without distractors (Qs). Without distractors, the usual subitization-counting function occurred in both groups, with the same subitization span of 3.3 items. Subitization disappeared with distractors; older adults were slowed more overall by their presence but enumeration rates were not slowed by ageing either with or without distractors. In contrast, search rates for a single target (O among Qs) were twice as slow for older as for young adults. Experiment 2 tested and ruled out one account of age-equivalent serial enumeration based on the need to subvocalize numbers as items are enumerated. Alternative explanations based on the specific task differences between detecting and enumerating stimuli are discussed.

scholarly journals The functional brain favours segregated modular connectivity at old age unless affected by neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Chen ◽  
Joe Necus ◽  
Luis R. Peraza ◽  
Ramtin Mehraram ◽  
Yanjiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Universal Pattern ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractBrain’s modular connectivity gives this organ resilience and adaptability. The ageing process alters the organised modularity of the brain and these changes are further accentuated by neurodegeneration, leading to disorganisation. To understand this further, we analysed modular variability—heterogeneity of modules—and modular dissociation—detachment from segregated connectivity—in two ageing cohorts and a mixed cohort of neurodegenerative diseases. Our results revealed that the brain follows a universal pattern of high modular variability in metacognitive brain regions: the association cortices. The brain in ageing moves towards a segregated modular structure despite presenting with increased modular heterogeneity—modules in older adults are not only segregated, but their shape and size are more variable than in young adults. In the presence of neurodegeneration, the brain maintains its segregated connectivity globally but not locally, and this is particularly visible in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia; overall, the modular brain shows patterns of differentiated pathology.

scholarly journals Recognition of facial expressions in children, young adults and elderly people

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Leão Leime ◽  
Júlio Rique Neto ◽  
Simone Marin Alves ◽  
Nelson Torro-Alves
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
A Performance

The present study evaluated the recognition of facial expressions in different ages, using groups composed of: 1) 21 children with a mean age of 7.7 years; 2) 19 young adults with a mean age of 20.1 years; and 3) 9 elderly people with a mean age of 74.7 years. In the tests, participants were asked to identify facial expressions of happiness, sadness, fear and anger of different emotional intensities. The results indicated that the young adults performed better in recognizing facial expressions when compared to the children and elderly people. The children presented a performance similar to the elderly people, supporting the hypothesis that the ability to recognize facial expressions improves in adulthood and diminishes in old age.

Older Men's and Women's Relationships with Adult Kin: How Equitable are they?

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candida C. Peterson ◽  
James L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
Women's Relationships ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

Recent research has shown that satisfying casual relationships and short-term intimacies among young adults tend to be characterized by mutual perceptions of global equity or a proportional subjective balance between each partner's overall inputs and gains. The present study extended the measurement of global equity perceptions to sixty-two elderly men's and women's relationships with their frequently-contacted spouses, adult children, and aged parents. A comparison group of forty younger adults likewise rated the equity of their marriages and relationships with elderly parents and grandparents. Results showed that the majority of both generations' involvements with all categories of immediate adult kin were seen as globally equitable. In addition, most departures from strict equity involved respondents feeling subjectively overbenefited rather than underbenefited. Theories of kinship exchange in longstanding and elderly relationships were considered. The possibilities either of subjective biases in longstanding intimates' perceptions and/or of a link between social disengagement and underbenefit during old age enabled reconciliation of the present findings with theoretical predictions.

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