The relationship between price paid and hotel review ratings: Expectancy-disconfirmation or placebo effect?

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 104314
Author(s):  
Graziano Abrate ◽  
Sarah Quinton ◽  
Rebecca Pera
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Expectancy Disconfirmation ◽  
The Relationship

How emotions affect restaurant digital ordering experiences: a comparison of three ordering methods

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Y. Leung ◽  
Han Wen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Expectancy Disconfirmation ◽  
Quick Service ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of consumption emotion in the digital food-ordering experience by comparing the performances of the three digital ordering methods in an experimental design. Design/methodology/approach A research model was developed based on the Feelings-as-Information (FaI) theory and the expectancy-disconfirmation theory. A 3 × 2 between-subjects lab experiment was conducted to compare the three digital ordering methods (online, mobile or chatbot) in two different types of restaurants (quick-service or full-service). Findings The results indicate that the chatbot ordering method evoked more negative emotions and less positive emotions than the other two methods. The online ordering method worked the best for quick-service restaurants, whereas the mobile ordering method was most suitable for full-service restaurants. Both positive and negative emotions (comfort and annoyance) significantly mediated the relationships between the ordering method and internal responses (satisfaction and behavioral intention). Only one negative emotion (anger) significantly mediated the relationship between the ordering method and order amount. Originality/value This is the first study that attempts to explore and compare consumers’ emotional responses resulting from restaurant digital ordering experiences in the context of the three food-ordering methods. The use of the FaI theory strengthens the theoretical foundation of research on emotion in the hospitality field. This study also pioneers the application of chatbot technology in the restaurant industry.

Everything Is Relative: How Citizens Form and Use Expectations in Evaluating Services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Favero ◽  
Minjung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Citizen Satisfaction ◽  
Expectancy Disconfirmation ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Vignette Experiment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comparative Performance Information

Abstract In recent years, studies of citizen satisfaction have increasingly relied on the expectancy–disconfirmation model, which highlights the role that expectations play in driving citizen evaluations of government services. But most empirical studies within public administration of the relationship between expectations and satisfaction indicate that expectations have little-to-no net effect on satisfaction. We argue that these results may be largely driven by the weaknesses of existing measurement approaches and inattention in many studies to the distinction between two types of expectations: those about what should happen (normative expectations) versus those about what will happen (predictive expectations). Distinguishing between these two types of expectations is important because they are likely to have different—and perhaps even opposite—effects on satisfaction. We recruited 972 US residents via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to complete a survey vignette experiment and found that normative expectations are strongly (and negatively) related to satisfaction levels, whereas predictive expectations are barely related to satisfaction at all. We also find that comparative performance information generally has a much stronger effect on predictive expectations than on normative expectations. These findings suggest that theories of satisfaction should more consistently distinguish between different types of expectations. Our results also leave us somewhat optimistic about the ability of ordinary residents to follow a reasonable process when assigning normative meaning to performance information.

Placebo and placebo effect, variability of the clinical response according to the therapists’ behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S641-S642
Author(s):  
A. Soler Iborte ◽  
S. Galiano Rus ◽  
Á. López Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Selective Processing ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionFrom a historical perspective, the first data related to the placebo effect on “mental health” date to the 1950s decade, when evidence was first shown of the important percentage of people with a psychiatric pathology that benefited from the consumption of placebos. It is believed that the responses to placebos and nocebos are influenced by the content and the way of informing the patient, which influences in the quality of life and therapy adherence. Among the factors that influence the magnitude of the placebo effect, we find variables related to the patient, with the placebo itself and the therapist.ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between the clinical response of a placebo and the behavior and information on the placebo contributed by the health worker.MethodologySystemic review of the articles published in Medline-PubMed from 2005 to the present.ResultsBeing kind, friendly, interested, nice, emphatic, and considerate as well as having a positive attitude toward the patient and the treatment as well as the expectations of the therapist are variables that are associated to a beneficial effect in a placebo situation as well as in active treatment.ConclusionThe patient's expectations, a product of selective processing of the information that she/he receives about the effect of a placebo or active treatment, and the behavior of the health worker in clinical practice, produces variability in the symptomatic response through its influence on the magnitude of the placebo effect. In the bibliography reviewed, there is a marked lack of attention dedicated to clinical studies in the addressing of this phenomenon.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The pharmacology of placebos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The paper discussed in this chapter was the first to compare some of the pharmacological effects of drugs to the effects induced by placebo treatments. It is one of the first studies to introduce the notion of a pharmacology of placebos, an idea which was quite unusual and innovative in the 1950s. In particular, in this study, many characteristics, which are typical of drug treatments, were investigated regarding placebo treatments. For example, peak effects, cumulative effects, carryover effects, and the relationship between efficacy and severity of disease were analysed in conditions such as post-partum pain. The main results show that placebos may produce effects that are similar to those induced by drugs. This pioneering study paved the way to a true biology of the placebo effect and to the modern emerging concept that placebos and therapeutic rituals use the same receptor and biochemical pathways that are used by drugs.

scholarly journals Structuring a Residential Satisfaction Model for Predictive Personalization in Mass Social Housing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Bunster ◽  
Waldo Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Residential Satisfaction ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Expectancy Disconfirmation ◽  
Field Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mass Personalization ◽  
Satisfaction Model

Ensuring access to quality social housing is a major challenge for developing countries. The problems of standardized mass housing are well-known. However, this type of provision is ubiquitously used for its advantages when addressing pressing shortages, often resulting in significant mismatches between the attributes of the housing and the requirements of the dwellers. This multidisciplinary study explores linkages between personalized development and residential satisfaction towards informing a mass personalization approach to social housing. In specific, it presents a model that formalizes this relationship using expectancy disconfirmation theory and field information. A housing survey was conducted in four estates located in Concepción, southern Chile, and complemented with environmental performance data generated with simulation software. The analysis of the results suggests that the relationship between occupants and providers (i.e., personalization as a service) can influence the build-up of expectations, while the capacity of the dwellings to meet the requirements of different households (i.e., personalization as a product) can have a significant impact on satisfaction. These outcomes are formalized with a model that acknowledges these links at different stages of occupancy and, therefore, can be used to inform the personalized development of mass social housing.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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