The Operations Account System in French-Speaking Africa

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger L. Engberg
Keyword(s):  
Franc Zone ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Operations Account ◽  
Account System

Franco-African relations have come under increasing fire during the past few years. African dissatisfaction with various aspects of the co-operation agreements between France and her former colonies is not new, but has recently been more clearly articulated and specifically focused on the structure and regulations of the franc zone which, it is argued, tend to make African states excessively dependent on France.

scholarly journals 20 Minutes Suisse Romande : géographie économique d’un média helvétique et lémanique

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lamour
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
French Speaking

The spatial representation by media is based on a series of material and ideational conditions structuring the journalistic profession and its public on a daily basis. Media are also actors taking part into the production of territories by mediatizing a “here” and “there” in which different types of news, institutional powers and cultural identities are portrayed. They are organized by a sum of geographical borders that they reproduce or cause to evolve. Over the past 20 years, media have accompanied the growth of western metropolises : The free daily newspapers circulated in large urban areas cutting across the mosaic of inherited institutional territories. However, does this necessarily mean that this press is able to overcome the territorial borders of the past ? The research based on the analysis of 20 Minutes Switzerland aimed at the French-speaking community shows that this medium is both included in bordered territories at the scale of cantons, regions and countries and also in an urban and transitional border space reorganizing these areas. Free dailies can be considered as a medium embedded in historically fragmented territories and the large urban regions of today. Les médias définissent une représentation de l’espace qui repose sur une somme de conditions matérielles et idéelles structurant au quotidien la sphère journalistique et son public. Par ailleurs, ils sont des acteurs de la production territoriale en médiatisant un « ici » et un « ailleurs » où s’organisent une actualité différente, des pouvoirs institutionnels dissemblables et des identités culturelles séparées. Les médias sont organisés par une somme de frontières géographiques qu’ils participent à reproduire ou à faire évoluer. Au cours des 20 dernières années, un média à accompagner l’essor des métropoles occidentales : les quotidiens d’information gratuits diffusés dans des régions urbaines chevauchant la mosaïque des territoires institutionnels hérités. Cela signifie-t-il pour autant que cette presse est en mesure de s’émanciper des frontières territoriales du passé˚? La recherche effectuée à partir du journal 20 Minutes Romandie montre que ce média s’inscrit, à la fois, dans des territoires clos de niveau confédéral, régional et cantonal, et dans une région urbaine frontalière transitionnelle rassemblant ces aires. La presse gratuite est un média situé dans la mosaïque territoriale du passé et dans les grandes régions urbaines d’aujourd’hui.  

Le Passé a-t-il de l'avenir devant lui? Bilan du théâtre francophone de l'Ouest canadien

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
Ingrid Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian Relations ◽  
Anglo Indian

For the French speaking minorities of Manitoba, the struggle against oppression has often meshed with battles for justice and human rights waged by other Canadian minority groups. Over the past two decades, plays by English and French speaking playwrights have echoed theatrical themes of the nineteenth century by centring on the plight of the Métisse. Being of Amer-Indian and Franco-Canadian descent, the history of the Métisse offers a fascinating perspective on Anglo-French and Anglo-Indian relations. In many of the plays, much attention is paid to the legendary story of Louis Riel, a Métisse chief who led the fight against British expansion into Western Canada and who was executed by the Crown for the murder of Thomas Scott, a British officer. With Riel as an emblem, anglophone and francophone playwrights have forged new outlooks on the historical struggle for control of Western Canada. Furthermore, while investigating the past playwrights have uncovered ways in which conflicting interpretations of history throw light upon present-day Canadian cultural complexities.

Social Change and Ethnic Nationalism: An Historical Analysis of the Separatist Movement in Quebec

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
New France ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
French And English ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Separatist Movement

Linguistic conflict between French and English-speaking Canadians has been an enduring feature of Canadian society since the British conquest of New France (Quebec) in 1759. This conflict has taken a variety of forms and revolved around a number of issues in the past two hundred years, ranging from the question of religious and linguistic civil rights to economic inequality and economic dominance. The latest and most significant manifestation of English-French conflict has been the emergence in the mid-1960s of a viable movement for political independence for the predominantly French-speaking province of Quebec.

The Ghosts of Totalitarianism

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Samuel Moyn
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Recent History ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Moral Reflection ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Democratic Rule

Tzvetan Todorov's book, originally published in 2000 in French and now available in a superb translation, paused at the end of a violent century to attempt to assess-as the title and subtitle suggest-how to remember it and what lessons to learn. A contemporary figure in the long tradition of French-speaking moralists, Todorov writes beautifully and with ethical passion about some of the darkest crimes in humanity's recent history. For Todorov, these crimes are not just past: reflecting on them can provide guidance for contemporary international affairs, such as NATO's intervention in Kosovo or the current war on terrorism. Todorov's basic theses are two: first, totalitarianism counts as the primary novelty of the twentieth century and has to be the basis for moral reflection about it; second, there is a proper manner of response to totalitarianism, which consists of the defense of a democratic and pluralistic alternative politics, one that reacts to the disasters of the past with moral vigilance in the present.… Many in France since the mid-1970s have adopted the concept of “totalitarianism”-much criticized elsewhere-to refer to the new alternatives to democratic rule-fascist and communist-thrown up by the twentieth century. … Todorov is intervening in a characteristically French debate in which the distinction of the regimes from one another has become part of a much larger ideological dispute and therefore freighted with heavy implications.What implications? For of course, it is hard to gainsay Todorov's argument that it is necessary for the experience of politically evil regimes to be at the heart of moral reflection today. Even so, Todorov's book illustrates some of the difficulties toward which such a commitment can lead….

scholarly journals Home dialysis bulletin, a journal to support home dialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Verger
Keyword(s):  
French Language ◽  
Journal Title ◽  
Home Dialysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Pdf Format ◽  
To Receive

With issue 2 of volume 4, of this month, June 15, 2021, the Home Dialysis Bulletin (original journal title: Bulletin de la Dialyse à Domicile (BDD)) begins its fourth year of publication. Over the past three years, it has gradually become a benchmark medium for clinical research in the field of home dialysis for both nursing staff and nephrologists. It is referenced in Sherpa/Romeo [1], and each article has a CrossRef identifier. All articles benefit from perpetual archiving and have obtained the SEAL quality logo for open access journals from the referencer DOAJ [2]. The abstracts of articles have been viewed 33,840 times, and the French versions of articles have been downloaded in pdf format 19,164 times. It is widely read by caregivers and nephrologists regardless of the mode of exercise, as our recent survey revealed [3]. But dissemination outside the French-speaking world has also been growing steadily thanks to systematic bilingual publication, and 2,640 English versions of articles have been downloaded. Our privileged relations with the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) [4] have enabled the translation and dissemination into French of international guidelines, when authorized.. The Bulletin de la Dialyse à Domicile appears to be one of the best supports for the development of home dialysis in France and Francophonie while maintaining close links with the English-speaking community.This success was made possible thanks to the work of the authors, whom we would like to thank for their support. Thanks also to the members of our editorial board. We also warmly thank our reviewers, who carry out the critical analysis of the published articles, usually within very short deadlines: Aguilera Didier (France), Azar Raymond (France), Bammens Bert (Belgium), Bataille Stanislas (France), Beaudreuil Séverine (France), Beaume Julie (France), Béchade Clémence (France), Ben Abdallah Taieb (Tunisia), Benamar Loubna (Morocco), Cassagne Brigitte (Switzerland), Caudwell Valérie (France), Chaffara Emmanuel (France), Chanliau Jacques (France), Collart Fredéric (Belgium), Courivaud Cécile (France), de Arteaga Javier (Argentina), Descot Lisa (France), Desitter Arielle (France), Divino José (USA), Durand Pierre-Yves (France), El Esper Najeh (France), Fabre Emmanuel (France), Faller Bernadette (France), Fessi Hafedh (France), Fibach Eitan (Israel), Francois Karlien (Belgium), Goffin Eric (Belgium), Grillon Antoine (France), Guillouet Sonia (France), Jager Rachel (France), Kieron Donovan (UK), Landru Isabelle (Fran ce), Lanot Antoine (France), Laruelle Eric (France), Mougel Sophie (France), Thierry Lobbedez (France), Laville Maurice (France), Morel Bertrand (France), Morelle Johann (Belgium), Mougel Sophie (France) , Nortier Joelle (Belgium), Padernoz Marie (France), Petitclerc Thierry (France), Pourcine Franck (France), Pouteau Lise-Marie (France), Poux Jean-Michel (France), Pujo Myriam (France), Querin Serge ( Belgium), Rodrigues Anabela (Portugal), Rostoker Guy (France), Rousseau-Gagnon Mathieu (Canada), Sanchez Emilio (Spain), Seret Guilaume (France), Simon Pierre (France), Sqalli Tarik (Morocco), Stéphanie Gentile ( France), Target Natalia (France), Testa Angelo (France), Touré Fatouma (France), Treille Serge (France), Urena Pablo (France), Van Biesen Wim (Belgium), Veniez Ghislaine (France), Vernier Isabelle ( France), Landi Vincent (France), Vrtovsnik François (France).More diffusion and improvement will only be possible if we continue to receive high-quality articles, and we hope that non-academics and academics, nurses and doctors will help us achieve this goal in the interest of all and of home dialysis ; so that these physicians and nurses teams will have easily accessible documentation at their disposal to enable them to exchange their knowledge in the service of patients, while sharing in both english and french language. 1 - https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/390072 - https://doaj.org/apply/seal/3 - Verger Christian, Max Dratwa, Pierre-Yves Durand, Jacques Chanliau, Eric Goffin, Thierry Petitclerc, Belkacem Issad, Ghislaine Veniez, Isabelle Vernier, Fatouma Toure, and Cécile Courivaud. 2020. «Assessment of the Interest of a French Language Journal Specializing in Home Dialysis». Bull Dial Domic 3 (4), 227-39. https://doi.org/10.25796/bdd.v3i4.58833.4 - https://ispd.org/

The Activities of Commercial Banks in French-Speaking African States

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
J. Alibert ◽  
J.-E. Sathoud
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
Franc Zone ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
West African Monetary Union ◽  
Upper Volta

On May 12th, 1962, the West African Monetary Union was established by treaty between six French-speaking African states, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Niger and Dahomey. This Union is linked with France by a system of “operations accounts” concluded between the French Treasury and individual issuing banks. The system ensures the free inter-state convertibility of their currencies and with the French franc, the C.F.A.F. (Communauté Financière Africaine Franc) being guaranteed by the French Republic. Under this system commercial and financial transactions are free within this monetary area, and within the Franc Zone. A common central bank, the Central Bank of West African States, was set up.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption in early adolescence: Associations with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors according to gender

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245597
Author(s):  
Camille Pedroni ◽  
Maud Dujeu ◽  
Thérésa Lebacq ◽  
Véronique Desnouck ◽  
Emma Holmberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Hbsc Study

Introduction Early alcohol consumption can irreversible damage the adolescents’ brain and may affect their quality of life. In order to better prevent such a deleterious behaviour, knowing its determinants is needed. So far, only few studies among adolescents aged <15 years exist, of which the majority failed to include gender differences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether gender differences in the association between alcohol use and sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics among 10-14-year olds exist. Methods Data came from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in French-speaking schools of Belgium. The sample analysed here comprised 4,364 10-14-year olds from the Walloon Region. Associations of the recent alcohol consumption (at least one glass during the past month) with sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics were estimated using gender-stratified multivariable logistic regression modelling. Results Prevalence of early alcohol consumption was 14% (boys: 16%; girls: 12%). Migration status and family affluence scale (FAS) were associated with early alcohol consumption only in boys. Second-generation immigrant boys (vs. natives: OR = 0.66 [0.47–0.92]) and boys from “low” FAS families (vs. “high”: OR = 0.56 [0.32–0.98]) or “medium” FAS (vs. “high”: OR = 0.63 [0.43–0.92]) were less likely to have consumed alcohol in the past month. In both genders, alcohol consumption was positively associated with age and inversely associated with school satisfaction and family support. No association was observed with family structure, peer support and life satisfaction in the multivariable models. Conclusion Our findings showed that gender differences may exist in the determinants of alcohol consumption among young adolescents. They will contribute to the development of public health policies and actions for the most vulnerable adolescents, which should take gender differences into account.

scholarly journals What's ‘French’ about French Studies?

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-327
Author(s):  
Charles Forsdick
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
French Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
Twenty First Century

Those reflecting on what is ‘French’ about ‘French studies’ in the early twenty-first century must consider the transformations evident in the disciplinary field over the past century. This article gives an overview of these shifts, but focuses in particular on the increasingly pluralized and diversified objects of study now addressed in explorations of the French-speaking world, as well as on the radical changes in the ways in which those objects are now approached. Central to the analysis is an awareness of a wider Francosphere, which has served to locate France in relation to a wider network of countries and communities, and may be seen to have provincialized, as a result, in a transnational and postcolonial frame, the former colonial centre. The article concludes with a reflection on Mary Louise Pratt's designation of Modern Languages as ‘knowing languages and […] knowing the world through languages’ (2002), and – in the context of French studies in the twenty-first century – asks: which languages? which world? and what forms of knowing?

Les langues africaines dans la nouvelle francophonie

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulin G. Djité
Keyword(s):  
French Language ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Francophone Africa ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Linguistic Usage

RESUMO La afrikaj lingvoj en la nova franclingva komunumo Jam dum dudeko da jaroj, la franclingvaj landoj elspezis multajn fortojn je defendo kaj antaǔenigo de la franca lingvo. Akuzite pri ŝovinismo kaj elitismo, ili dum la pasinta jartrio estis devigataj krei al si novan publikan bildon - tiun de movado kiu deziras trakti la politikajn kaj ckonomiajn problemojn de la afrikaj ŝtatoj. Tiu ĉi artikolo engaĝas tiun "internacian franclingvan politikan kaj ekonomian komunumon" kiel forumon taǔgan por la evoluigo de lingvaj politikoj adekvataj por la franclingvaj afrikaj ŝtatoj. Ĝi montras, ke la franca ja ne ĉiam roi as kiel la lingvo de la amasoj en tiuj landoj, kaj ke, en la kadro de socilingvistikaj donitajoj, aǔ de efektiva elekto, aǔ de reala lingva uzo, la altcmativo de nova lingvaja politiko, kiu akcentas la naciajn lingvojn, estas ne nur cbla, sed pli vivkapabla, ol du de ekskluziva antaǔenigo de la franca. SUMMARY African Languages in the New French-Speaking Community For the last two decades, the Francophone world has expended great effort in the defense and promotion of the French language. Accused of chauvinism and elitism, it has been obliged, over the past three years or so, to create for itself a new image - that of a movement anxious to deal with the political and economic problems of the African states. This article identifies the "international Francophone political and economic community" as an appropriate forum for the development of language policies suitable for the states of Francophone Africa. It demonstrates that French is not always the language of the masses in these countries and that, in light of sociolinguistic data, or of choice, or of actual linguistic usage, the alternative of a new language policy accentuating national idioms is not only possible but also more viable than that of exclusive promotion of French.

Studying the Political Problems of French-speaking Tropical Africa in Paris

1962 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
J. Hymans
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Document Collections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Good Starting Point ◽  
Card Catalog

Among the principal Parisian libraries with African document collections are: (1) Library of the Institut d'Etudes Politiques, 27 Rue St. Guillaume, Paris VIeme (metro: St. Germain des Prés). These facilities are a good starting point for the foreign Africanist visiting Paris. Of particular interest are the “dossiers” of the “Centre de Documentation” (third floor of the library) where under various headings (such as “French relations with Africa”) one may find press clippings from about 100 of the major French newspapers and periodicals. The dossiers of clippings are kept up to date and extend back for several years. In the same third floor library there exists a special card catalog in which thousands of articles which have appeared in French periodicals for the past ten years are listed and briefly analyzed; there are several hundred cards dealing with French-speaking Africa. This special catalog is kept up to date and has trays devoted to each of the new African nations.

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