Factors Affecting Urban Resilience and Sustainability: Case of Slum Dwellers in Islamabad, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 04021053
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Qun Wu ◽  
Siqi Yan ◽  
Jianchao Peng
Keyword(s):  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Slum Dwellers

Multi-risk approach and urban resilience

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadejda Komendantova ◽  
Anna Scolobig ◽  
Alexander Garcia-Aristizabal ◽  
Daniel Monfort ◽  
Kevin Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Risk Approach

Purpose Urban resilience is becoming increasingly important due to increasing degree of urbanization and a combination of several factors affecting urban vulnerability. Urban resilience is also understood as a capacity of a system to prepare, respond and recover from multi-hazard threats. The purpose of multi-risk approach (MRA) is to take into consideration interdependencies between multiple risks, which can trigger a chain of natural and manmade events with different spatial and temporal scales. The purpose of this study is to understand correlation between multi-risk approach and urban resilience. Design/methodology/approach To increase urban resilience, MRA should also include multi-risk governance, which is based on understanding how existing institutional and governance structures, individual judgments and communication of risk assessment results shape decision-making processes. Findings This paper is based on extensive fieldwork in the test studies of Naples, Italy and Guadeloupe, France, the historical case study analysis and the stakeholders’ interviews, workshops and focus groups discussions. Originality/value Multi-risk is a relatively new field in science, only partially developed in social and geosciences. The originality of this research is in establishment of a link between MRA, including both assessment and governance, and urban resilience. In this paper, the authors take a holistic and systemic look at the MRA, including all stages of knowledge generation and decision-making. Both, knowledge generation and decision-making are reinforced by behavioural biases, different perceptions and institutional factors. Further on, the authors develop recommendations on how an MRA can contribute to urban resilience.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ACCESS HEALTH CARE IN URBAN SLUMS OF LAGOS-STATE IN NIGERIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Bolaji Samson Aregbeshola ◽  
Olanrewaju Olusola Onigbogi ◽  
Samina Mohsin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
World Health ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Lagos State

Background: Access to healthcare is a major public health challenge, especially in developing countries. Many Nigerians cannot avail the healthcare services they need with those in the urban slums being the worst hit. The aim of the study is to determine the issues regarding accessibility of healthcare services in three urban slums of Lagos State in Nigeria. All the aspects of accessibility including the geographical, financial and socio-cultural factors affecting the healthcare access were assessed. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among slum dwellers of three urban slums in Lagos-State. A sample size of 427 individuals was used. The subjects were recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured self-administered and close-ended questionnaire that was adapted from World Health Organization. Variables on geographical accessibility, financial accessibility and social-cultural factors affecting accessibility were analysed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 15 software. Results: A total of 80.3% of the respondents had an estimated travel distance ranging from 6 to 10 km to reach a healthcare facility. About 10-20% of the monthly household income was spent on healthcare by 46.8% of respondents. A total of 97.9% of respondents had no health insurance coverage. Self-medication was reported by 77.8% of the respondents who were unable to pay for healthcare services. Only 43.1% of respondents utilized government hospitals as the first point of contact. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is limited geographical and financial access to healthcare services for slum dwellers in Lagos-State especially due to their financial constraints that affect their accessibility to healthcare services. Access to healthcare services still remains a major issue in slums of Nigeria. Increasing the coverage of the National Health Insurance Scheme and strengthening the primary healthcare infrastructure would help in addressing the issues of accessibility to healthcare in urban slums.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Christine M. Dannels ◽  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Planar Orientation ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

Factors affecting dentist participation in a state Medicaid program

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Damiano ◽  
ER Brown ◽  
JD Johnson ◽  
JP Scheetz
Keyword(s):  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Factors Affecting

Speech Therapy Services in a Large School System: A Six-Year Overview

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance P. DesRoches
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Case Load ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
School Population ◽  
System A ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Selection Factors

A statistical review provides analysis of four years of speech therapy services of a suburban school system which can be used for comparison with other school system programs. Included are data on the percentages of the school population enrolled in therapy, the categories of disabilities and the number of children in each category, the sex and grade-level distribution of those in therapy, and shifts in case-load selection. Factors affecting changes in case-load profiles are identified and discussed.

Assessing the Link Between Perception and Production in Cantonese Tone Acquisition

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Pik Ki Mok ◽  
Holly Sze Ho Fung ◽  
Vivian Guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tone Pair ◽  
Tone Production ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Production Accuracy

Purpose Previous studies showed early production precedes late perception in Cantonese tone acquisition, contrary to the general principle that perception precedes production in child language. How tone production and perception are linked in 1st language acquisition remains largely unknown. Our study revisited the acquisition of tone in Cantonese-speaking children, exploring the possible link between production and perception in 1st language acquisition. Method One hundred eleven Cantonese-speaking children aged between 2;0 and 6;0 (years;months) and 10 adolescent reference speakers participated in tone production and perception experiments. Production materials with 30 monosyllabic words were transcribed in filtered and unfiltered conditions by 2 native judges. Perception accuracy was based on a 2-alternative forced-choice task with pictures covering all possible tone pair contrasts. Results Children's accuracy of production and perception of all the 6 Cantonese tones was still not adultlike by age 6;0. Both production and perception accuracies matured with age. A weak positive link was found between the 2 accuracies. Mother's native language contributed to children's production accuracy. Conclusions Our findings show that production and perception abilities are associated in tone acquisition. Further study is needed to explore factors affecting production accuracy in children. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7960826

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document