Human papillomavirus prevalence to age 60 years among Australian women prevaccination

Background The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) at the cervix varies with age, peaking following sexual debut and declining thereafter in most populations. In some populations, a second peak is observed. Here we describe the prevalence of HPV at the cervix among Australian women before the commencement of the HPV vaccination program. Methods: Women aged 15 to 60 years attending health services for cervical screening between 2005 and 2008 were invited to participate. Liquid based cervical specimens were tested for 37 types of HPV using linear array. The percentage and 95% confidence interval of women with any type of HPV, any of 13 high risk HPV types, and with vaccine-preventable HPV types (types 6, 11, 16 and 18) were estimated in 5-year age bands. Results: Among 1929 women aged 15–60 years, HPV prevalence peaked at 64% at age 15–20 years, then declined gradually to 12% at age 41–45 years, whereafter it rose to 19% in women 51–55 years then returned to 14% in 56–60 year olds. Prevalence curves were similar for high-risk HPV types and vaccine-targeted HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 and when results were restricted to women with only normal cytology. Conclusions: The shape of the prevalence curve we observed is similar to those from other Western populations. Variation in prevalence curves is likely due to differences in sexual behaviour between populations and over time, reactivation of HPV during perimenopause, and possibly the presence of cervical screening programs. These data are the first such data from the Oceania region.

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A Study of Genotyping for Management of Human Papillomavirus-Positive, Cytology-Negative Cervical Screening Results

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.02116-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 52-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

M. Schiffman ◽

R. D. Burk ◽

S. Boyle ◽

T. Raine-Bennett ◽

H. A. Katki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Stratification ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade ◽

Positive Cytology ◽

Negative Results ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv

The effective management of women with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive, cytology-negative results is critical to the introduction of HPV testing into cervical screening. HPV typing has been recommended for colposcopy triage, but it is not clear which combinations of high-risk HPV types provide clinically useful information. This study included 18,810 women with Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2)-positive, cytology-negative results and who were age ≥30 years from Kaiser Permanente Northern California. The median follow-up was 475 days (interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 1,077 days; maximum, 2,217 days). The baseline specimens from 482 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer (CIN3+) and 3,517 random HC2-positive noncases were genotyped using 2 PCR-based methods. Using the case-control sampling fractions, the 3-year cumulative risks of CIN3+ were calculated for each individual high-risk HPV type. The 3-year cumulative risk of CIN3+ among all women with HC2-positive, cytology-negative results was 4.6%. HPV16 status conferred the greatest type-specific risk stratification; women with HC2-positive/HPV16-positive results had a 10.6% risk of CIN3+, while women with HC-2 positive/HPV16-negative results had a much lower risk of 2.4%. The next most informative HPV types and their risks in HPV-positive women were HPV33 (5.9%) and HPV18 (5.9%). With regard to the etiologic fraction, 20 of 71 cases of cervical adenocarcinomain situ(AIS) and adenocarcinoma in the cohort were positive for HPV18. HPV16 genotyping provides risk stratification useful for guiding clinical management; the risk among HPV16-positive women clearly exceeds the U.S. consensus risk threshold for immediate colposcopy referral. HPV18 is of particular interest because of its association with difficult-to-detect glandular lesions. There is a less clear clinical value of distinguishing the other high-risk HPV types.

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Prevalence and Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Female with High-Risk Behaviour in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4861 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 65-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tahmina Sultana ◽

Mohsina Huq ◽

Anadil Alam ◽

Dipak Kumar Mitra ◽

Donald James Gomes

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

High Risk Hpv

In developing countries, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer related to mortality in women. But the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) in different areas of Bangladesh is largely unknown both in risk groups and in the general population. The objective of the present study was to determine the risk factors associated with having HPV and the prevalence of high-risk HPV types among women with highrisk behaviour and to assess its potential impact on preventive strategies as the sex workers are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI), HPV and hence cervical cancer. Cervical swab from 293 sex workers in Dhaka City between August and September 2003 and between February 2005 and May 2006 were screened for HPV DNA using an HPV short fragment (E6) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay. HPV positive samples were genotyped with nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (NMPCR) for the highrisk types. The overall HPV prevalence in sex workers was 75.8%, whereas for the high risk type it was 49.8%. Prevalence of single genotype and multiple types of HPV was 33.1 and 16.7% respectively. The most prevalent high-risk HPV types, in order of prevalence rate, were HPV16, HPV18, HPV58, HPV45, HPV31 and HPV33. Both HPV 16 and HPV 18 were present in 21% of the cases. Targeting HPV 16 and 18 with prophylactic vaccines could possibly have an important impact on the incidence of invasive cervical carcinoma in this group of women. Primary prevention and cervical cancer screening programmes should be optimized more and run yearly among the general population. It is proposed to screen sex workers when they enter prostitution regardless of their age. Keywords: Human papillomavirus (HPV); High-risk HPV types; Cervical cancer; Sex workersDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4861 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 65-68

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Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus among Women with Cervical Cytological Abnormalities or Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a High-Incidence Area of Esophageal Carcinoma in China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/1256384 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Wang ◽

Shaohong Wang ◽

Jinhui Shen ◽

Yanyan Peng ◽

Lechuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Cervical Cytology ◽

Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Normal Cytology ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

High Incidence ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

High Incidence Area

Data of HPV genotype including 16 high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and 4 low-risk HPV from 38,397 women with normal cytology, 1341 women with cervical cytology abnormalities, and 223 women with ISCC were retrospectively evaluated by a hospital-based study. The prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) was 6.51%, 41.83%, and 96.86% in women with normal cytology, cervical cytology abnormalities, and ISCC, respectively. The three most common HPV types were HPV-52 (1.76%), HPV-16 (1.28%), and HPV-58 (0.97%) in women with normal cytology, whereas the most prevalent HPV type was HPV-16 (16.85%), followed by HPV-52 (9.55%) and HPV-58 (7.83%) in women with cervical cytology abnormalities. Specifically, HPV-16 had the highest frequency in ASC-H (24.16%, 36/149) and HSIL (35.71%, 110/308), while HPV-52 was the most common type in ASC-US (8.28%, 53/640) and LSIL (16.80%, 41/244). HPV-16 (75.78%), HPV18 (10.31%), and HPV58 (9.87%) were the most common types in women with ISCC. These data might contribute to increasing the knowledge of HPV epidemiology and providing the guide for vaccine selection for women in Shantou.

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A brief history of economic evaluation for human papillomavirus vaccination policy

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh10018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 352 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Philippe Beutels ◽

Mark Jit

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Economic Evaluation ◽

Policy Making ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Health Economic Evaluation ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Economic Evaluations ◽

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽

Screening Programs

Background: This commentary discusses key issues for health economic evaluation and modelling, applied to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine programs. Methods: We outline some of the specific features of HPV disease and vaccination, and associated policy questions in light of a literature search for economic evaluations on HPV vaccination. Results: We observe that some policy questions could not be reliably addressed by many of the 43 published economic evaluations we found. Despite this, policy making on universal HPV vaccination followed shortly after vaccine licensure in many developed countries, so the role economic evaluation played in informing these decisions (pre-dating 2008) seems to have been fairly limited. For more recent decisions, however, economic evaluation is likely to have been used more widely and more intensively. Conclusions: We expect future cost-effectiveness analyses to be more instrumental in policy making regarding vaccines covering more HPV types, therapeutic HPV vaccines, and novel diagnostic tests for biomarkers of HPV infection and disease integrated with cervical screening programs.

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Clinical and Analytical Performance of the Onclarity HPV Assay Using the VALGENT Framework

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01366-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 3272-3279 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

K. Cuschieri ◽

D. T. Geraets ◽

C. Moore ◽

W. Quint ◽

E. Duvall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Relative Sensitivity ◽

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade ◽

Screening Population ◽

Relative Specificity ◽

Hpv Types

As the demand for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical screening increases, emerging HPV tests must be evaluated robustly using well-annotated samples, such as those generated in the Validation of HPV Genotyping Tests (VALGENT) framework. Through VALGENT, we assessed the performance of the BD Onclarity HPV assay, which detects 14 high-risk (HR) types and resolves six individual types and three groups of types. Consecutive samples from a screening population (n= 1,000), enriched with cytologically abnormal samples (n= 300), that had been tested previously with the GP5+/6+ PCR enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and the GP5+/6+ PCR LMNX assay (Diassay) were tested with the Onclarity assay. Type-specific HPV prevalences were analyzed according to age and cytological result. The accuracy of the Onclarity assay for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+) and CIN3+ was assessed relative to the GP5+/6+ EIA results by using noninferiority criteria. Overall agreement and type-specific agreement between the Onclarity assay and the GP5+/6+ LMNX assay were assessed. The prevalence of HPV types 16, 18, 31, and 45 increased with the severity of cytological results (Pfor trend, <0.05). For the detection of CIN2+, the Onclarity assay had a relative sensitivity of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.05;P< 0.001 for noninferiority) and a relative specificity of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.00;P= 0.186 for noninferiority). The kappa for agreement between the Onclarity assay and the GP5+/6+ LMNX assay for HR-HPV was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89 to 0.94), and values for the six individual types ranged from 0.78 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.87) for HPV-52 to 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93 to 0.99) for HPV-16. These data suggest that the Onclarity assay offers applications for clinical workstreams while providing genotyping information that may be useful for risk stratification beyond types 16 and 18.

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Prevalence and Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Invasive Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix in Uruguay

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0b013e318285e753 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 527-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nora Berois ◽

Patricia De Cremoux ◽

Daniel Mazal ◽

Adela Sica ◽

Mabel Cedeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Geographical Differences ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv

ObjectivesPersistent infection with specific genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is the main cause of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Only a few of the various HPV types account for most of the cases worldwide, and geographical differences in their distribution are evident. Data from locally prevalent genotypes are essential in view of introduction of HPV type-specific prophylactic vaccines.MethodsIn this work, we have investigated HPV type distribution in samples of ICC cases that occurred in Uruguayan women. DNA extracted from ICC treated in Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell of Montevideo between 1999 and 2007 were analyzed. Search and typing were performed by polymerase chain reaction using generic GP5+/GP6+ primers and specific primers for HPV types 16, 18, 33, and 45. Positive GP5+/GP6+ samples, which were negative for all 4 high-risk HPV-specific types screened were further analyzed by sequencing.ResultsHuman papillomavirus DNA sequences were found in 163 (92.6%) of 176 cases. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV16 (67.6%) and HPV18 (8.5%) followed by HPV45 (6.8%) and HPV33 (3.4%), as single or mixed infection. Other less frequent genotypes were HPV31, HPV35, HPV39, HPV51, HPV52, HPV58, HPV66, and HPV73. The viral type could not be determined (HPV X) in 1 case (0.6%) of the HPV DNA–positive cervical cancers and double infections were found in 1.7% of the cases. The higher percentage of most aggressive HPV (16/18/45) genotypes was detected in cases diagnosed at younger than 60 years old, whereas these genotypes were less frequent in older patients.ConclusionWe conclude that HPV types 16, 18, and 45 have a very high prevalence in ICC of Uruguayan women. Results provide evidence that 16 of 18 infections are more aggressive, but most cancers could be vaccine preventable.

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Dynamics of High-Risk Nonvaccine Human Papillomavirus Types after Actual Vaccination Scheme

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/542923 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raúl Peralta ◽

Cruz Vargas-De-León ◽

Augusto Cabrera ◽

Pedro Miramontes

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Numerical Simulations ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Type Model ◽

Vaccination Scheme ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

The Impact

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the main etiological factor in the developing of cervical cancer (CC). This finding has propitiated the development of vaccines that help to prevent the HPVs 16 and 18 infection. Both genotypes are associated with 70% of CC worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to determine the emergence of high-risk nonvaccine HPV after actual vaccination scheme to estimate the impact of the current HPV vaccines. A SIR-type model was used to study the HPV dynamics after vaccination. According to the results, our model indicates that the application of the vaccine reduces infection by target or vaccine genotypes as expected. However, numerical simulations of the model suggest the presence of the phenomenon called vaccine—induced pathogen strain replacement. Here, we report the following replacement mechanism: if the effectiveness of cross-protective immunity is not larger than the effectiveness of the vaccine, then the high-risk nonvaccine genotypes emerge. In this scenario, further studies of infection dispersion by HPV are necessary to ascertain the real impact of the current vaccines, primarily because of the different high-risk HPV types that are found in CC.

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Skin and Mucosal Human Papillomavirus Seroprevalence in Persons with Fanconi Anemia

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00665-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 413-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rachel A. Katzenellenbogen ◽

Joseph J. Carter ◽

Joshua E. Stern ◽

Melinda S. Butsch Kovacic ◽

Parinda A. Mehta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Fanconi Anemia ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Low Risk ◽

Luminex Assay ◽

History Of ◽

Hpv Types ◽

And Behavior

ABSTRACTPersons with Fanconi anemia (FA) are at risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers; however, their natural HPV exposure and infection rates are unknown as is the adequacy with which they mount antibodies to HPV vaccination. This study aimed to determine, in 62 persons with FA, the seroprevalence of skin and mucosal HPV types, the seroprevalence in individuals self-reporting a history of HPV vaccination, and the factors associated with HPV seropositivity. A bead Luminex assay was used to determine seropositivity for HPV1, -2, and -4 (low-risk skin), -6 and -11 (low-risk mucosal, included in one HPV vaccine), -16 and -18 (high-risk mucosal, included in both HPV vaccines), and -52 and -58 (high-risk mucosal). Health- and behavior-related questionnaires were completed. Type-specific seroprevalence estimates and participant characteristics associated with seroprevalence were calculated; 48% reported HPV vaccination. Type-specific seropositivity in unvaccinated persons ranged from 7 to 21% for skin HPV types and 7 to 38% for mucosal HPV types. Among the unvaccinated participants, adults versus children demonstrated increased HPV1, -6, -16, and -58 seroprevalence of 45% versus 6%, 64% versus 22%, 64% versus 17%, and 36% versus 0%, respectively (allP< 0.05). The vaccinated participants versus the nonvaccinated participants demonstrated increased seroprevalence of HPV6, -11, -16, and -18 of 92% versus 38%, 92% versus 24%, 96% versus 34%, and 75% versus 7%, respectively (allP< 0.0001). Our data demonstrate that the unvaccinated participants had serologic evidence of prior skin and mucosal HPV infections and that seroprevalence increased among adults; in self-reported vaccinees, seroprevalence of HPV vaccine types was 75 to 96%.

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Additional Human Papillomavirus Types Detected by the Hybrid Capture Tube Test among Samples from Women with Cytological and Colposcopical Atypia

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.1.408-411.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 408-411

Author(s):

József Kónya ◽

György Veress ◽

Attila Juhász ◽

Krisztina Szarka ◽

Tamás Sápy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Low Risk ◽

Double Positive ◽

Detection Range ◽

Hybrid Capture ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv

ABSTRACT The type specificity of the human papillomavirus (HPV) Hybrid Capture Tube (HCT) test was evaluated by using typing with PCR (MY09-MY11)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing. All samples HCT test positive for only low-risk HPV ( n = 15) or only high-risk HPV ( n = 102) were confirmed, whereas 9 of 12 HCT test double-positive samples contained only high-risk HPV types as determined by PCR-RFLP. Several high-risk HPV types (HPV-53, -58, -62, -66, -CP8304, and -MM4) not included in the HCT test were indeed detected, indicating a broader detection range with retained distinction between low-risk and high-risk HPV types.

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Analysis on influencing factors of viral load in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26821/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xuerong Lu ◽

Tiantian Wang ◽

Youzhong Zhang ◽

Yuzhen Liu

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Viral Load ◽

High Risk ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Cervical Lesion ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Hpv Viral Load

Abstract Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) load is thought to be influenced by many factors, and relationship between viral load and degree of cervical lesion is controversial. This study was to explore possible influencing factors of HR-HPV viral load in uterine cervix.Methods: 605 women who needed colposcopic evaluation for abnormal cervical screening in Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, China, between November 2017 and September 2018 were enrolled. Cervical specimens were collected from endo- and ectocervix separately using two different cervical brushes. Hybrid Capture II test was used to measure HR-HPV load. Age, histological severity, number of viral types, area and location of cervical lesions were recorded. The correlation between viral load and influencing factors was analysed using univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: HR-HPV load was positively correlated with age, histological severity, multiple HPV types and area of cervical lesions (P<0.05). Viral load with combination of endo- and ectocervical sampling was significantly higher than simple endocervical sampling (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, multiple HPV types and area of cervical lesions were independent factors for HR-HPV load with combination of endo- and ectocervical sampling (P<0.05). However, only age and area of cervical lesions were independent factors for viral load with simple endocervical sampling (P<0.05). No significant association was found between viral load and lesion severity in multivariate analysis (P>0.05).Conclusion: HR-HPV load is influenced by age, histological severity, multiple viral types, area of cervical lesion and sampling methods. Age and area of cervical lesions are independent factors for viral load.

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