scholarly journals A method to measure perceived tenure security in low-income settlements in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Rohit Lahoti
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Tenure Security

Social capital and perceived tenure security of informal housing: Evidence from Beijing, China

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110330
Author(s):  
Mengzhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Tenure Security

Perceived tenure security is recognised to affect the socioeconomic behaviours and wellbeing of informal settlement dwellers. The provision of perceived tenure security is centred on the developmental agenda as a key policy alternative of tenure legalisation. Despite the consensus about its importance, the reason perceived tenure security is different amongst dwellers remains unclear. To fill this gap, we introduce social capital theory to understand the formation of and disparity in perceived tenure security. The hypotheses are that dwellers living in informal settlements with higher collective social capital and having higher individual social capital tend to feel more secure on their tenure because of higher backing power attained to deter the threats of eviction. We examine the hypotheses using a structural equation model approach to a dataset collected from three small property rights housing communities, which are emerging informal settlements in urban China. Modelling results support our hypotheses and suggest that female, low-income and migrant dwellers tend to feel less secure on their tenure because of the lack of social capital to deter the threats to their tenure. This study contributes to a new sociological explanation for the disparity in perceived tenure security other than the established psychological explanation. Empirically, this study contributes to the understanding of the rapid development of small property rights housing developments in China from the perspective of how dwellers develop security on informal tenure.

Tenure-responsive zoning regulations for better gender equality in land management in Kigali City, Rwanda.

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Ernest Uwayezu ◽  
Marie Jeanne Nyiransabimana
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
Land Use Allocation ◽  
Development Plans

Abstract The passage of land management rules promoting gender equality in land ownership and formal registration of individuals' land rights in the framework of enhancing de jure tenure security is not enough. This is evidenced by the urban development regulations that infringe upon these rights and become a factor for land deprivation. This chapter stresses on the significance of the following strategies which can be applied in Kigali city development processes to curb these problems: (1) The participatory and integrated planning which requires the direct engagement of all landowners/users, particularly women, poor and vulnerable groups in land use planning, especially in crafting and implementing the local development plans; (2) The promotion of the mixed land use which can spur an urbanism that does not decimate social relations between the existing landowners and their living spaces and prevent the livelihood disruption. This can be achieved through the creation of the suitable residential blocks that enable the integration of the poor and low-income people, including women, in the urban development. For this to happen the minds of policy makers and urban planners implementing Kigali city master or development plans should be preoccupied with tackling the questions relating to who gets what and where in relation to land use allocation. It is a matter of their willingness to adopt these strategies which are repeatedly highlighted in the policies, laws and regulations related to land management in the country. In this way, the planning can be concerned not only with zoning regulations which are tenure security responsive, not only with respect to the land use that various income categories can benefit from but also to gender equality in the enjoyment the individual property rights.

scholarly journals LOW-INCOME HOUSING AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SLUM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM IN BANGLADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahbubur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Good Proportion

Slums providing housing to a good proportion of urban population in many developing countries have grown dramatically. Governments mostly assisted by the international agencies have improved environment, tenure security, income and resources in many of these. Yet that could not eradicate the problems as benefits could not be sustained due to lack in institutional development, policy implementation, governance, participation etc. Moreover, the urban poor’s capability to bring affordable and sustainable solutions, which can be improved with assistance, was overlooked. This paper discusses the changed approach to the issues of low-income groups housing in the above context, and examine the same in the context of Bangladesh. It also evaluates the achievements and sustainability of the Slum Improvement Program therein. Keywords: Capacity Building, Empowerment, Housing, Participation, Slums, Sustainability, Urban Poor.

scholarly journals Indicators for Measuring Spatial Justice and Land Tenure Security for Poor and Low Income Urban Dwellers

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Uwayezu ◽  
Walter de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Conceptual Modelling ◽  
Tenure Security ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Land Titling ◽  
Separated Sets

There exist various indicators that measure land tenure security for urbanites. Most of those indicators measure the degree to which land titling promotes the security of tenure. Based on the reviewed literature, it is admitted that land titling is not a panacea to land tenure security. Measuring the degree of land tenure security should not rely only on the legalisation of landownership. This paper makes a meta-analysis and conceptual modelling to connect spatial justice and land tenure security. It discusses the potential of inclusive urban development grounded on the claim that spatial justice enhances land tenure security. A comprehensive framework of indicators which can measure the degree of land tenure security from a spatial justice lens is thereafter derived. The meta-analysis and conceptual modelling were coupled with research synthesis to perform an in-depth review and qualitative content analysis of the literature on concepts of spatial justice, land tenure security, and urban (re)development processes. This study proposes 60 indicators which measure the degree of spatial justice and land tenure security along a continuum of spatial justice and land tenure security. Those indicators provide a more holistic approach for measuring land tenure security from a spatial justice lens than the separated sets of existing indicators.

A View of the Lexical–Grammatical Link in Young Latinos With Specific Language Impairment Using Language-Specific and Conceptual Measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía I. Méndez ◽  
Gabriela Simon-Cereijido
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Vocabulary Skills ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
L1 And L2

Purpose This study investigated the nature of the association of lexical–grammatical abilities within and across languages in Latino dual language learners (DLLs) with specific language impairment (SLI) using language-specific and bilingual measures. Method Seventy-four Spanish/English–speaking preschoolers with SLI from preschools serving low-income households participated in the study. Participants had stronger skills in Spanish (first language [L1]) and were in the initial stages of learning English (second language [L2]). The children's lexical, semantic, and grammar abilities were assessed using normative and researcher-developed tools in English and Spanish. Hierarchical linear regressions of cross-sectional data were conducted using measures of sentence repetition tasks, language-specific vocabulary, and conceptual bilingual lexical and semantic abilities in Spanish and English. Results Results indicate that language-specific vocabulary abilities support the development of grammar in L1 and L2 in this population. L1 vocabulary also contributes to L2 grammar above and beyond the contribution of L2 vocabulary skills. However, the cross-linguistic association between vocabulary in L2 and grammar skills in the stronger or more proficient language (L1) is not observed. In addition, conceptual vocabulary significantly supported grammar in L2, whereas bilingual semantic skills supported L1 grammar. Conclusions Our findings reveal that the same language-specific vocabulary abilities drive grammar development in L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI. In the early stages of L2 acquisition, vocabulary skills in L1 also seem to contribute to grammar skills in L2 in this population. Thus, it is critical to support vocabulary development in both L1 and L2 in DLLs with SLI, particularly in the beginning stages of L2 acquisition. Clinical and educational implications are discussed.

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