Thylakoid grana stacking revealed by multiplex genome editing of LHCII encoding genes

Land plant chloroplasts differ from algal ones for their thylakoid membranes being organized in grana: piles of vesicles paired by their stromal surface, forming domains including Photosystem (PS) II and its antenna while excluding PS I and ATPase to stroma membranes, connecting grana stacks. The molecular basis of grana stacking remain unclear. We obtained genotypes lacking the trimeric antenna complex (Lhcb1-2-3), the monomeric Lhcb4-5-6, or both. Full deletion caused loss of grana, while either monomers or trimers support 50% stacking. The expression of Lhcb5 alone restored stacking at 50%, while Lhcb2 alone produced huge grana which broke down upon light exposure. Cyclic electron transport was maintained in the lack of stacking, while excitation energy balance between photosystems and the repair efficiency of damaged Photosystem II were affected. We conclude that grana evolved for need of regulating energy balance between photosystems under terrestrial canopy involving rapid changes in photon spectral distribution.

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The Stoichiometries of Supramolecular Complexes in Thylakoid Membranes From Spinach Chloroplasts

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9870021 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

WS Chow ◽

AB Hope

Keyword(s):

Photosystem Ii ◽

Atpase Activity ◽

Thylakoid Membranes ◽

Coupling Factor ◽

Supramolecular Complexes ◽

Cyt B ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Ps I ◽

The Mean ◽

Isolated Chloroplasts

The concentrations of photosystem II (PS II), photosystem I (PS I) and cytochrome b/f complexes on a chlorophyll basis have been determined for chloroplasts of spinach grown under three irradiances in a glasshouse. Assaying PS II by atrazine binding gave concentrations that exceeded the estimates from flash-induced O2 or H+ yield by a factor of 1.21 � 0.04 (23). Since part of this factor (1.14) is expected to arise from missed turnovers in excited reaction centres, it is concluded that both methods are valid to determine [PS II] in gently isolated chloroplasts. The agreement between the methods also suggests that atrazine does not bind to additional sites of quenchers such as 'Q400', contrary to the suggestion of R. J. Dennenberg and P. A. Jursinic [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 808 (1985), 192-200]. Whilst [PS I] was independent of growth irradiances, [PS II] and [cyt f ] increased with irradiance, as did the latent ATPase activity, a measure of the concentration of coupling factor 1. If [PS I] is taken as constant at 1.65 mmol (mol Chl)-1, the mean stoichiometries of PS II : cyt b/f complex : PS I obtained at the minimum and maximum irradiances were 1.2 : 0.7 : 1 and 1.6 : 1.0 : 1 respectively, PS II being determined by atrazine binding.

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Function of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids in Thylakoid Membranes. Pigment Bleaching in Relation to PS-I and PS-II Activity of Subchloroplast Particles Prepared with Digitonin

Advances in Photosynthesis Research ◽

10.1007/978-94-017-6368-4_32 ◽

1984 ◽

pp. 137-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Th. Braumann ◽

Th. Gröpper ◽

I. Damm ◽

L. H. Grimme

Keyword(s):

Thylakoid Membranes ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Ps I ◽

Ps Ii Activity

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Isolierung von PS II-Partikeln mit in vivo Eigenschaften aus Euglena gracilis, Stamm Z / Isolation of PS II-Particels with in vivo Characteristics from Euglena gracilis, Stamm Z

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1982-3-418 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 37 (3-4) ◽

pp. 256-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F. Schuler ◽

P. Brandt ◽

W. Wießner

Keyword(s):

Euglena Gracilis ◽

Fluorescence Emission ◽

Improved Method ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Ps I ◽

Emission And Absorption Spectra ◽

Chlorophyll Protein ◽

Ps Ii Activity ◽

Photosystem Ii Particles

Abstract An improved method for isolation of (photosystem II)-particles from Euglena gracilis, strain Z was established. PS II-particles isolated by ultrasonic treatment and following differential centrifugation show fluorescence emission and absorption spectra identical with in vivo properties of Euglena gracilis. These PS II-particles have only PS II-activity and contain CP a, the typical chlorophyll-protein-complex of PS II. No contamination of PS I-components are detectable.

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Photosystem II Inhibition by Pyran-enamine Derivatives

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1993-3-409 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 48 (3-4) ◽

pp. 163-167

Author(s):

Koichi Yoneyama ◽

Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽

Masaru Ogasawara ◽

Hitoshi Kuramochi ◽

Makoto Konnai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transport ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Thylakoid Membranes ◽

Major Determinant ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Structure Activity Relationships ◽

Structure Activity

Abstract Through the studies on structure-activity relationships of 5-acyl-3-(1-aminoalkylidene)-4-hydroxy-2 H-pyran-2,6(3 H)-dione derivatives in photosystem II (PS II) inhibition, overall lipophilicity of the molecule was found to be a major determinant for the activity. In the substituted N -benzyl derivatives, not only the lipophilicity but also the electronic and steric characters of the substituents greatly affected the activity. Their mode of PS II inhibition seemed to be similar to that of DCMU , whereas pyran-enamine derivatives needed to be highly lipophilic to block the electron transport in thylakoid membranes, which in turn diminished the permeability through biomembranes.

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Photoinactivation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport under Anaerobic and Aerobic Conditions in Isolated Thylakoids of Spinach

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1992-1-212 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 47 (1-2) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rekha Chaturvedi ◽

M. Singh ◽

P. V. Sane

Keyword(s):

Electron Transport ◽

Photosynthetic Electron Transport ◽

Oxygen Evolving Complex ◽

Reaction Centre ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Ps I ◽

S2 State ◽

The Stability ◽

Oxygen Evolving ◽

Spinach Thylakoids

Abstract The effect of exposure to strong white light on photosynthetic electron transport reactions of PS I and PS II were investigated in spinach thylakoids in the absence or presence of oxygen. Irrespective of the conditions used for photoinactivation, the damage to PS II was always much more than to PS I. Photoinactivation was severe under anaerobic conditions compared to that in air for the same duration. This shows that the presence of oxygen is required for prevention of photoinactivation of thylakoids. The susceptibility of water-splitting complex in photoinactivation is indicated by our data from experiments with chloride-deficient chloroplast membranes wherein it was observed that the whole chain electron transport from DPC to MV was much less photoinhibited than that from water. The data from the photoinactivation experiments with the Tris-treated thylakoids indicate another photodam age site at or near reaction centre of PS II. DCMU-protected PS II and oxygen-evolving complex from photoinactivation. DCMU protection can also be interpreted in terms of the stability of the PS II complex when it is in S2 state.

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The chlorophyll a/b -proteins of PS I and PS II are immunologically related

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/0014-5793(86)80485-9 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 199 (2) ◽

pp. 227-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Paula K. Evans ◽

Jan M. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Ps I

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INFLUENCE OF LIGHT AND HEAVY LANTHANIDES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF Taraxacum hybernum

Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.18006/2020.8(spl-2-aabas).s298.s302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (Spl-2-AABAS) ◽

pp. S298-S302

Author(s):

Vladimir Nikolaevich Vorob’ev ◽

◽

Sergei Fedorovich Kotov ◽

Vera Vladimirovna Nikolenko ◽

Denis Vladimirovich Tishin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Efficiency ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Reaction Centers ◽

Efficiency Change ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Antenna Complex ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Light Lanthanide ◽

Heavy Lanthanides ◽

High Concentrations

The current study was carried out to study the influence of light and heavy lanthanides on the physiological process of Crimean-Sagyz/ Krim-saghyz (dandelion - Taraxacum hybernum). Lanthanide belongs to the group of light or heavy; infiltration of dandelion (Crimean saghyz) seeds with light and heavy lanthanides solutions increased the germination energy by 26%. The differences in the influence of light (cerium) and heavy (lutetium) were manifested in the quantum efficiency change of the photosystem 2 (PS II). Treatment of leaves with high concentrations (100 µM) led to a decrease of Y (II), moreover, under the influence of light lanthanide, the decrease was greater by 21%. It is assumed that the effect of the used lanthanides on the dandelion photosynthetic apparatus is multidirectional. Cerium influenced the PS II antenna complex, and lutetium influenced the reaction centers. A 10-fold decrease in the concentration did not change the nature of cerium action, except that Y (II) was restored already on the second day after treatment. The effect of lutetium became noticeable only by the 8th day after treatment when Y (II) became higher than that of untreated plants. Thus, the results of the study suggested that in dandelion leaves, lanthanides with a concentration of 10 µM increased the quantum efficiency of PS II in contrast to cerium.

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