Transition to work, mismatch and underemployment among graduates: an Australian longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Jackson ◽  
Ian Li
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThere are ongoing concerns regarding university degree credentials leading to graduate-level employment. Tracking graduate underemployment is complicated by inconsistent measures and tendencies to report on outcomes soon after graduation. Our study explored transition into graduate-level work beyond the short-term, examining how determining factors change over time.Design/methodology/approachWe considered time-based underemployment (graduates are working less hours than desired) and overqualification (skills in employment not matching education level/type) perspectives. We used a national data set for 41,671 graduates of Australian universities in 2016 and 2017, surveyed at four months and three years' post-graduation, to explore determining factors in the short and medium-term. Descriptive statistical techniques and binary logistic regression were used to address our research aims.FindingsGraduates' medium-term employment states were generally positive with reduced unemployment and increased full-time job attainment. Importantly, most graduates that were initially underemployed transited to full-time work at three years post-graduation. However, around one-fifth of graduates were overqualified in the medium-term. While there was some evidence of the initially qualified transitioning to matched employment, supporting career mobility theory, over one-third remaining overqualified. Skills, personal characteristics and degree-related factors each influenced initial overqualification, while discipline was more important in the medium-term.Originality/valueOur study explores both time-based underemployment and overqualification, and over time, builds on earlier work. Given the longer-term, negative effects of mismatch on graduates' career and wellbeing, findings highlight the need for career learning strategies to manage underemployment and consideration of future labour market policy for tertiary graduates.

Parental leave within the broader employment trajectory

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 607-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Zhelyazkova ◽  
Gilbert Ritschard
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Family Patterns ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of parental leave use and long-term employment trajectories of parents in Luxembourg based on anonymous administrative records. This is the first systematic analysis of parental leave take-up rates and return rates for Luxembourg using a large and reliable data set. Design/methodology/approach The authors use highly detailed administrative data to calculate take-up and return rates for parental leave for both men and women working in Luxembourg. To gain deeper insights into the employment trajectories of parents, the authors deploy the visualisation tools of the TraMineR package, which allow the authors to trace developments over time. Findings The authors estimate take-up rates for parental leave at 72 per cent for mothers and 13 per cent for fathers. The return rates for mothers are 88.4, 99.4 and 70.8 per cent depending on whether they took full-time, part-time or no parental leave. In contrast, over 95 per cent of fathers remain employed following parental leave. The trajectory analysis reveals that the event of birth is a clear turning point for the majority of the female trajectories, but not for the male ones. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature in at least several ways. First, this is the first available paper presenting the situation in Luxembourg using a large and reliable data set. Second, by including fathers in the analysis, the authors contribute to the available knowledge of male use of parental leave, which has been the subject of continued policy efforts in the past decades. Finally, the authors show how parental leave can be analysed using sequence analysis tools and how this method offers additional, holistic insights into work-family patterns over time.

The predictive value of strategic orientation for ESG performance over time

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Chevrollier ◽  
Jianhong Zhang ◽  
Thijs van Leeuwen ◽  
André Nijhof
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Publicly Traded Companies ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Despite the scholarly attention for the integration of sustainability within business strategy and processes, little is known about how strategic orientations of companies influence this integration. Drawing on stewardship theory, this paper aims to analyse the influence of strategic orientation of companies on their environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performance and the moderating effect of three different political models of economy (Rhine, British and American). Design/methodology/approach This paper creates a measurement for strategic orientations by using a coding scheme with a five-category evaluation matrix. The main empirical analysis is done by a fixed-effect model with a panel data set covering 179 publicly traded companies over the 2009-2016 period. Findings The conclusions of this paper present that – consistent over time – a stronger orientation on stewardship positively associates with higher ESG performance. Additionally, the political model of economy significantly alters the relationship indicating the effect of strategic orientation on ESG performance. The relationship is significantly stronger in the Rhine model and significantly weaker in the British model, when both compared to the American model. Originality/value The implications of this paper are vital to understanding corporate strategic orientation and its relationship to actual corporate behaviour and long-term performance. Implementing the elements of focus, motivation, commitment, support and communication linked to a stewardship orientation is fundamental to achieve higher levels of sustainability performance.

US academic libraries' staffing and expenditure trends (1996–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 247-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Starr Hoffman ◽  
Samantha Godbey
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Education Statistics ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Doctoral Institutions ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThis paper explores trends over time in library staffing and staffing expenditures among two- and four-year colleges and universities in the United States.Design/methodology/approachResearchers merged and analyzed data from 1996 to 2016 from the National Center for Education Statistics for over 3,500 libraries at postsecondary institutions. This study is primarily descriptive in nature and addresses the research questions: How do staffing trends in academic libraries over this period of time relate to Carnegie classification and institution size? How do trends in library staffing expenditures over this period of time correspond to these same variables?FindingsAcross all institutions, on average, total library staff decreased from 1998 to 2012. Numbers of librarians declined at master’s and doctoral institutions between 1998 and 2016. Numbers of students per librarian increased over time in each Carnegie and size category. Average inflation-adjusted staffing expenditures have remained steady for master's, baccalaureate and associate's institutions. Salaries as a percent of library budget decreased only among doctoral institutions and institutions with 20,000 or more students.Originality/valueThis is a valuable study of trends over time, which has been difficult without downloading and merging separate data sets from multiple government sources. As a result, few studies have taken such an approach to this data. Consequently, institutions and libraries are making decisions about resource allocation based on only a fraction of the available data. Academic libraries can use this study and the resulting data set to benchmark key staffing characteristics.

scholarly journals The role of networks for migration flows: an update

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Beine
Keyword(s):  
Specific Role ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to cover the literature on the role migrants networks in explaining aggregate migration flows between countries. The author emphasizes the specific role of family immigration policies. To that purpose, the author covers briefly the recent experience of seven receiving countries to highlight the importance of these policies in explaining part of the observed network elasticities. Design/methodology/approach The author first provides a small review of the literature and the issues at stake. The author then provides an update of the estimates of the network elasticities using the data set on migration stocks and flows from Ozden et al. (2011). Using micro-founded gravity models, the author estimates the network elasticities and discusses the key driving mechanisms explaining their size as well the variation in the amplitude across categories of destination and over time. The author accounts for the issue of multilateral resistance to migration. Findings The author obtains estimates that are in line with the ones documented previously in the literature. The author finds that the role of networks in attracting migrants has increased after the 1970s. The author emphasizes the specific role of family immigration policies. To that purpose, the author covers briefly the recent experience of a set of receiving countries to highlight the importance of these policies in explaining part of the observed network elasticities. Originality/value This paper covers the literature on the role migrants networks in explaining aggregate migration flows between countries and obtain new estimates of network elasticities that vary over time and across types of destination countries.

Brazil second round is Bolsonaro's to lose

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Brazilian Politics

Significance Bolsonaro, a retired army captain who has often insulted minorities and supported torture and the 1964-85 military regime, obtained some 46% of valid votes, against 29% for Haddad, the handpicked candidate of former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. The results of concomitant legislative and state-level votes also confirmed a sharp rightward turn in Brazilian politics. Impacts If elected, Bolsonaro may enjoy an initial governing majority in Congress. Over time his personality and popular support may lead him to disregard negotiations with legislators. Failure to build relationships with legislators could bring governing problems in the medium term. With abstentions, blank and spoiled votes reaching nearly 29% in the first round, participation rates will be crucial in the runoff.

Farm income and output and lending by the farm credit system

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Nadolnyak ◽  
Xuan Shen ◽  
Valentina Hartarska
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
State Level ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Financial Markets

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence of the positive impact of the FCS lending on farm incomes which should be useful to policymakers as they consider reforms and further support for this 100-year-old major agricultural lender. Design/methodology/approach The authors construct a panel for the 1991-2010 period from the FCS financial statements and evaluate how lending by the FCS institutions has affected farm incomes and farm output. The authors use fixed effects estimations and control for credit by other agricultural lenders as well as the stock of capital, prices, and interest rates. Since previous work suggests that rural financial markets are segmented and the FCS serves larger full-time farmers with mostly real-estate backed loans, the authors evaluate the impacts of farm real-estate backed loans and of short-term agricultural loans separately for a shorter period for which the data is available. The authors also perform robustness checks with alternative estimation techniques. Findings The authors found a positive association between credit by the FCS institutions and farm income and output. The magnitude of the estimated impact is larger during the 1990s than in the 2000s. Research limitations/implications The positive link between the FCS institutions’ credit and farm incomes and output supports the notion that the FCS lending was beneficial to farmers. The evidence also supports the segmentation hypothesis of rural financial markets. The financial reports data for 1991-2010 are from the ACAs and FLCAs aggregated on the regional level because there is no clear way to classify FCS lending to a more disaggregate level like the state. The authors also assemble and analyze a state-level data set that contains state-level balance sheet data for the period 1991-2003. Originality/value The authors are not aware of another work that directly links (real estate and non-real estate) credit by FCS institutions to agricultural output and farm incomes.

Digital natives vs digital immigrants

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi ◽  
Ali Eshraghi
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Digital Immigrants ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
Social Technologies

Purpose Generational membership is argued to have an impact on how social technologies are used for knowledge sharing and communication in organizational contexts. Previous research has especially underscored the difference between digital natives and digital immigrants in how they make sense of and interact with social technologies for work. The purpose of this paper is to provide a multidimensional perspective and to explore generational differences as well as other factors deriving from both work-related and personal characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a summary of the findings from interviews with 58 consultants from 17 managing consulting firms. Participants were selected based on their knowledge-intensive roles and their willingness to share information about their knowledge practices. Findings Findings highlight the significance of the organizational rank, knowledge needs, individuals’ enthusiasm for technology use and personality disposition in shaping workers’ attitudes toward social technologies for knowledge practices. This work builds from a social construction of technology perspective to provide a comprehensive insight into the roles played by work and personality-related factors beyond age and generational differences in the use of social technologies in and for work. Originality/value This research contributes to the discourse on generational differences and the use of social technologies. It puts this question into a broader context, and highlights other factors that shape this relationship.

Characterising the airtightness of dwellings

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minnie M.A. Ashdown ◽  
Jenny Crawley ◽  
Phillip Biddulph ◽  
Jez Wingfield ◽  
Robert Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distribution of dwelling airtightness test results for a developer, between 2007 and 2011. The changes in airtightness test results over time are discussed, and links between the airtightness test results and the construction technique are investigated. Design/methodology/approach A data set of airtightness test results was statistically analysed by applying probabilistic model of the distribution and using Bayesian parameter estimation techniques. Findings The inferred background distributions, those estimated to describe dwelling performance before secondary sealing, suggest an improvement in airtightness between 2008 and 2011, the mode decreases from 5.46±0.09 m3/m2h to 4.12±0.07 m3/m2h with a corresponding shift in practice towards a more target-driven approach. The most airtight dwellings are constructed from reinforced concrete frame, followed by “traditional” (dry lined masonry), timber frame and lightweight steel frame. Research limitations/implications This study is limited by the size of the available data set (901 dwellings), and by the fact that the data set contains a larger proportion of flats to houses; however, the metadata has enabled the exploration of the link between construction practices and airtightness. Practical implications Developers need better guidance surrounding how to meet more stringent airtightness requirements through improvements to the primary air barrier, with incentives and support to deliver changes in practice. Furthermore, if a large number of dwellings undergo secondary sealing, this may have implications for the long-term efficiency of the dwelling stock. Originality/value This analysis investigates two issues that have not previously been studied on a significant number of dwellings: the changes to the distribution of airtightness results over time and the link between construction methods and airtightness.

scholarly journals An investigation of biases in web search engine query suggestions

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Bonart ◽  
Anastasiia Samokhina ◽  
Gernot Heisenberg ◽  
Philipp Schaer
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Query Suggestion ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Web Search Engine ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Query Suggestions ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Survey-based studies suggest that search engines are trusted more than social media or even traditional news, although cases of false information or defamation are known. The purpose of this paper is to analyze query suggestion features of three search engines to see if these features introduce some bias into the query and search process that might compromise this trust. The authors test the approach on person-related search suggestions by querying the names of politicians from the German Bundestag before the German federal election of 2017. Design/methodology/approach This study introduces a framework to systematically examine and automatically analyze the varieties in different query suggestions for person names offered by major search engines. To test the framework, the authors collected data from the Google, Bing and DuckDuckGo query suggestion APIs over a period of four months for 629 different names of German politicians. The suggestions were clustered and statistically analyzed with regards to different biases, like gender, party or age and with regards to the stability of the suggestions over time. Findings By using the framework, the authors located three semantic clusters within the data set: suggestions related to politics and economics, location information and personal and other miscellaneous topics. Among other effects, the results of the analysis show a small bias in the form that male politicians receive slightly fewer suggestions on “personal and misc” topics. The stability analysis of the suggested terms over time shows that some suggestions are prevalent most of the time, while other suggestions fluctuate more often. Originality/value This study proposes a novel framework to automatically identify biases in web search engine query suggestions for person-related searches. Applying this framework on a set of person-related query suggestions shows first insights into the influence search engines can have on the query process of users that seek out information on politicians.

Shared amenities’ impacts on condominium resale values

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayo Tajima
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meeting Room ◽  
Residential Unit ◽  
Hedonic Pricing Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This study aims to analyze whether and how condominium shared utilities and facilities (e.g. community spaces), of which buyers assume a share of the ownership upon acquisition of a residential unit, affect the condominium unit price over time. Design/methodology/approach The transaction price of each unit reflects the quality of the residential unit and the properties of the shared facilities. Based on the hedonic pricing method, this study assesses the impact of shared amenities on unit resale prices, using an original data set on condominium unit resale transactions and the status of housing characteristics for both condominium units and condominium buildings. Findings Results show that holding other conditions constant, a meeting room and an external space that can host events increase the unit resale price by approximately 7 and 16 per cent, respectively. Some community amenities such as a meeting room may increase its impact later in the condominium’s lifetime. Research limitations/implications Because of the proprietary nature of data, the analysis focuses on high-end condominium properties in central Tokyo. Although it is difficult to single out the shared amenities’ effects on condominium resale prices from potentially confounding factors, this study partially overcomes this issue by including explanatory geographical variables (e.g. ground heights). Practical implications The results suggest that a shared facility that hosts social interactions among residents significantly affects the resale market value of housing units and that their magnitudes may change over time. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study provides the first empirical evidence of the impacts of shared structures on condominium unit sales using micro-level transaction data in Japan.

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