scholarly journals Categorizing transaction costs outcomes under uncertainty: a blockchain perspective for government organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Herold ◽  
Sara Saberi ◽  
Mahtab Kouhizadeh ◽  
Simon Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Organizational Uncertainty ◽  
The Right

Purpose In response, the purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical frameworks about the organizational uncertainty behind what and when to adopt blockchain technology and their implications on transaction costs. The immature nature and the absence of standards in blockchain technology lead to uncertainty in government organizations concerning the adoption (“what to adopt”) and the identification of the right time (“when to start”). Design/methodology/approach Using transaction cost theory and path dependency theory, this paper proposes two frameworks: to assess transaction cost risks and opportunities costs; and to depict four different types of transaction costs outcomes regarding blockchain adoption. Findings This paper identifies various theoretical concepts that influence blockchain adoption and combine the two critical constructs of “bounded rationality” and the “lock-in effect” to categorize the multiple transaction costs outcomes for blockchain adoption. Research limitations/implications Although existing research in blockchain highlights mainly the potential benefits of blockchain applications, only a little attention has been given to frameworks that categorize potential transaction costs outcomes under uncertainty, in particular from organizational theorists. Originality/value Both frameworks advance the understanding of the decision-making behind blockchain adoption and synthesize the current literature to offer conceptual clarity regarding the varied implications and outcomes linked to the uncertainty regarding transactions costs stemming from blockchain technology.

Building resilience for food service businesses in times of crisis: a Four-F action plan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananya Bhattacharya ◽  
Ambika Zutshi ◽  
Ali Bavik
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Service Businesses

Purpose This paper aims to propose a “Four-F (finding facts, fostering alternates, fulfilling implementation and feasibility testing)” action plan to global food service businesses (FSB) such as restaurants (dine-in/take away) to build resilience during times of global crises. The 2019 Coronavirus disease and FSBs apply as working examples elaborating the proposed Four-F action plan with several managerial implications for the internal and external stakeholders of FSBs. Design/methodology/approach The method involves reviewing and coding 108 articles using the PRISMA approach, then applying findings to develop the Four-F action plan integrating multiple theoretical concepts (such as stakeholder, crisis management and dynamic capabilities). Findings There are two key findings. First, though all four crisis phases should be considered by decision-makers as part of their contingency planning process, the pre and post-crisis stages need higher attention. Second, the Four-F action plan provides specific recommendations to FSBs stakeholders (consumers, suppliers and government) for each crisis phase (pre-crisis, crisis emergence, crisis occurrence and post-crisis). Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that has incorporated multiple theoretical frameworks (stakeholder theory, crisis management and dynamic capabilities) within the FSBs context and provided the Four-F action plan for decision-makers to understand and manage crisis phases.

Supply chain, geographical indicator and blockchain: provenance model for commodity

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohita Gangwar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theory Framework

PurposeMany commodity supply chains suffer from an unfair value distribution across the supply chain like “Coffee Paradox.” This study explores the coffee supply chain to determine how the country of origin–geographical indicator can be used as a method of fair distribution of value and provenance across the supply chain effectuated by the blockchain technology. By looking at an exemplar case study for India, this study provides insights into diverse research streams and practice.Design/methodology/approachBased on the case method, analyzing the implementation of blockchain in the coffee industry by a leading Indian software implementation of the logic, dynamics and forces for a provenance model has been devised. It further adopts a stakeholder cum institutional theory framework to understand the logical implementation of a blockchain project embedded in a territorial logic for a commodity supply chain.FindingsThis study specifically looks at coffee which is representative of a commodity supply chain. It also explores how the malaise of unfair value distribution gets addressed by bringing farmers and the consumers on a common platform facilitated by blockchain technology. This study contributes to the literature on blockchain, territory, commodity and supply chain. Using stakeholder cum institutional theory, this study helps to explore how the implementation is successful by different actors in the supply chain through collaboration.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides a new stream of multi-disciplinary study at the interface of supply chain, technology, international trade and geography.Practical implicationsBlockchains are embedded in the supply chain, and supply chains are embedded in territories. This linkage is paramount and the ability to make these blockchain projects successful requires the deep study of the interaction of territory, technology and actors from the provenance angle. De-commodification of coffee can be actualized through blockchain.Social implicationsThe coffee paradox and skewed value distribution is also a social problem wherein the farmers do not get the right price of their produce and are exploited. This case also highlights how this social malaise can be addressed and rightful and equitable distribution of value happens across the value chain.Originality/valueThis linkage between territory, blockchain, commodity supply chain and institutions has not been discussed in the literature. Adopting the territorial design approach, this study is an attempt to stimulate inter-disciplinary conversations and thereby create a provenance framework for commodity and research questions for scholars from different disciplines and divergent disciplinary perspectives.

Making more research count: a blockchain enabled one-stop shop for immutable behavioral research

foresight ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hugo Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Right

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a panoramic view at the credibility issues that exist within social sciences research. Design/methodology/approach The central argument of this paper is that a joint effort between blockchain and other technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning and how they can prevent scientific data manipulation or data forgery as a way to make science more decentralized and anti-fragile, without losing data integrity or reputation as a trade-off. The authors address it by proposing an online research platform for use in social and behavioral science that guarantees data integrity through a combination of modern institutional economics and blockchain technology. Findings The benefits are mainly twofold: On the one hand, social science scholars get paired with the right target audience for their studies. On the other hand, a snapshot of the gathered data at the time of creation is taken so that researchers can prove that they used the original data set to peers in the future while maintaining full control of their data. Originality/value The proposed combination of behavioral economics with new technologies such as blockchain and AI is novel and translated into a cutting-edge tool to be implemented.

Assessing the feasibility of blockchain technology in industries: evidence from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Erol ◽  
Ilker Murat Ar ◽  
Ali Ihsan Ozdemir ◽  
Iskender Peker ◽  
Ali Asgary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Consulting Firms ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
The Right ◽  
Agriculture And Food

PurposeThe objective of this study is to assess quantitatively how feasible blockchain is for various industries, such as logistics and supply chain, health, energy, finance, automotive, pharmaceutical and agriculture and food using a comprehensive list of indicators.Design/methodology/approachA decision aid was applied to the problem of identifying the feasibility of blockchain in Turkish industries. To this end, first, a set of indicators was identified. Then, the fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS were utilized to assess the feasibility comparatively using the data gathered from a group of experts. Finally, a scenario analysis was conducted to ensure the consistency of our evaluation.FindingsThe findings of this study suggest that comparatively, logistics and supply chain, finance and health industries are the most feasible industries for blockchain. This study further suggests that blockchain is the least feasible for the automotive industry compared to the rest of the identified industries.Research limitations/implicationsIt is cumbersome to find out the respondents who have sufficient knowledge of both blockchain and the identified industries. Even if we took the utmost care in identifying the right respondents, we limited our search to the biggest industrial hubs of Turkey.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research may help various decision-makers employed in governments, conglomerates, software and consulting firms and national research institutions make more informed decisions and allocate their resources more effectively.Originality/valueTo this date, the current studies have solely investigated possible research opportunities in blockchain and demonstrated several blockchain applications in stand-alone cases. To the best of our knowledge, however, no single study exists that evaluates the feasibility of blockchain comparatively and holistically among a group of industries using various indicators.

Blockchain will lead next global tech revolution

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Database Technology ◽  
Start Ups

Subject Blockchain technology in finance. Significance Blockchain is a cryptographically enabled database technology that can make many transactions free of counterparty risks and nearly instantaneous, eliminating transaction costs. It was created and tested with bitcoin, a cryptocurrency. The financial industry is interested in it, given its scale and need for reliability and speed. Impacts Blockchain use could expand beyond cryptocurrencies, with the financial industry leading it towards real-life applications. As the blockchain technology could be disruptive, banks are attempting to influence and direct its development early on. Corporate strategists will be the predominant investors in blockchain start-ups rather than traditional venture capital.

The development of municipalities property management as a financial tool

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Christos Pallis ◽  
Petros Pallis
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Right

Purpose – The concept was that municipal real estate was an asset which consisted of a combination of measurable and hard-to-estimate returns (including social benefits) rather than a public good. Many local government organizations attempted to capitalize and assess real estate, with a view to generating revenue for local authorities. Others proceeded to use direct private sector financing for the construction of municipal infrastructure, in exchange for the right to use public land for commercial development purposes. In Greece, the institutional framework for local government organizations prevented local government from playing an essential role, because of their limited powers and financial resources. There are two key questions coming up within this context, which are the main subject of the research: What are the financing instruments used by municipalities today? What are the financing instruments that municipalities would like to use today? No research has been done so far on the above questions at such sample level as used in the research, i.e. all the municipalities in the territory of Greece. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents the literature review of the property management and the methodology of an empirical research through structured questionnaire that was sent to the entire population of Greek municipalities. Findings – The main findings regard the financial instruments used by the Greek municipalities and funding schemes from various sources. Apart from these funding sources which Greek cities actually use, the present research has investigated the sources of funding that municipalities would like to use. Practical implications – The paper consists a detailed road map for practical public management. Originality/value – The questionnaire was sent to the entire population of Greek municipalities, characterized in this way with considerable heterogeneity. The sample equals the whole population, which has been investigated for the first time, regarding the Greek Paradigm.

Role of women entrepreneurs and NGOs in promoting entrepreneurship: case studies from Uttarakhand, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Lenka ◽  
Sucheta Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Learning ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Right

Purpose Women establish their enterprise for economic independence and empowerment. This study aims to identify the factors that promote women entrepreneurship in Uttarakhand, a state in India. Although, women have the potential to become entrepreneurs, they do not have the right opportunities to explore it. Therefore, the role of non-government organizations (NGOs) is imminent in supporting women's entrepreneurial cause. Design/methodology/approach The problems of women entrepreneurs during venture creation have been explored. Case studies of women entrepreneurs and NGOs operating in Uttarakhand have been developed through an in-depth interview method. Findings Entrepreneurial learning occurs because of certain personal, social and environmentally driven motivational factors. Entrepreneurial learning helps in the development of personal, social, managerial and entrepreneurial competencies. These competencies are essential for the performance of an enterprise. Practical implications This study provides directions to policymakers and researchers to focus on developmental programmes for women entrepreneurs. Originality/value This study explores a conceptual framework for the promotion of women entrepreneurship.

The challenge of implementing public-private partnerships: a transaction costs perspective on waste to energy projects in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azelia Machsari Haqq ◽  
Yohanna M.L. Gultom
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Failure Factors

Purpose This study aims to explore the reasons behind the lengthy delays in completing a single public-private partnership (PPP) project in Indonesia and investigates how the transaction costs play a significant role in hindering the project’s success. Design/methodology/approach To broaden insight into the transaction cost theory, the authors used a single case study approach to provide a more in-depth analysis of a context whose complexity can be fully explored. As the primary data sources, 16 face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with the stakeholders directly involved in the project’s initiation, design and execution. Findings This case study demonstrates that transaction cost issues, both political and economic, play a significant role. This study has identified four main problems associated with transaction costs hindering project success, namely, executing agencies’ lack of knowledge and experience, lack of coordination for such a complex governance structure that links too many stakeholders and the financial and political risk that increase the uncertainty and public distrust. Research limitations/implications This study contributes mainly to the PPP and transaction costs economics literature, providing empirical evidence on why major PPP projects may fail to be procured. The Greater Bandung waste to energy (WTE) Project case demonstrates that transaction costs, both political and economic, have played a significant role in the lengthy delay of the PPP project. Practical implications As the project involves many transaction cost issues, mapping the failure factors at the project sites can significantly contribute to the practitioners/stakeholders involved in the PPP WTE projects. Therefore, this study provides a lesson to the policymakers at all levels interested in PPPs to consider the issues of transaction costs related to the PPP projects. It can be used as guidance as well as a reference for future PPP WTE projects in Indonesia. Social implications Mapping the failure factors also signifying the response of the public in the PPP WTE projects undertaken. As the citizens become more rule-conscious and rights-conscious, they demand the opportunity to participate in creating rules and project plans. If the project failed to consult with affected communities and undermined democratic accountability, the angry citizens will confront the government to cancel the project. Therefore, political and economic influences for public attitude play significant roles in making the PPP WTE projects successful. Originality/value This study provides insight into the transaction cost issues that have hindered the completion of Indonesia’s PPP WTE project over the past 15 years. Additionally, the project feasibility analysis should include an understanding of transaction costs for partnering in PPP.

Blockchain’s Impact on Accounting and Auditing: A Use Case on Supply Chain Traceability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manlu Liu ◽  
Ashok Robin ◽  
Kean Wu ◽  
Jennifer Xu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Transaction Cost Theory ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Potential Impact

We use the transaction cost theory, originally proposed by Coase (1937), as a theoretical framework to examine the potential impact of the blockchain technology on accounting and auditing processes in terms of information timeliness, information quality, and auditing costs. Since a blockchain enables recording, tracking, and managing business transactions and assets of firms, it offers natural advantages to accounting and auditing processes, and has the potential to lower various transaction costs. A use case on a supply chain of food products is presented to illustrate how a blockchain can be used to trace the movement of goods and record the related transactions. Subsequently, building on this scenario, we use the transaction cost framework to generate propositions related to accounting and auditing that can be empirically tested in future studies as data become available.

How cultural distance affects the formation of international strategic alliance – an explanation of the transaction costs theory

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ning Xiong ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Peng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Transaction Cost Theory ◽  
Alliance Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Based on the transaction cost theory, this paper aims to investigate the impact of cultural distance on international strategic alliance formation and its underlying mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the investment of foreign firms in the Chinese Venture Capital market as an empirical background, Obtaining VC data from Zero2IPO Private Equity, CVsource Investment Database (2001–2015). This paper chooses the Logit regression method, according to Lind’s three-step method to test the inverted U-shaped relationship. Findings The empirical analysis of foreign venture capital firms invested in China revealed that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between cultural distance and the possibility of international strategic alliances. This relationship is the result of two opposing mechanisms, which are the need and the feasibility of international strategic alliances. In addition, this study further examined the moderating effects of social embeddedness and social reputation, revealing the boundary effects on the complex relationship between cultural distance and possible international strategic alliance formation. Originality/value This study focuses on cultural difference, which is a key factor leading to a firm’s transaction costs. Based on the transaction cost theory, this paper investigates the impact of cultural distance on international strategic alliance formation and its underlying mechanisms.

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