AI and libraries: trends and projections

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adetoun A. Oyelude
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Library Service ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Advanced Technologies

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the trends and projection for future use of artificial intelligence (AI) in libraries. AI technologies is the latest among the technologies being used in libraries. The technology has systems that have natural language processing, machine learning and pattern recognition capabilities that make service provision easier for libraries. Design/methodology/approach Systematic literature review is done, exploring blogs and wikis, to collect information on the ways in which AI is used and can be futuristically used in libraries. Findings This paper found that uses of AI in libraries entailed enhanced services such as content indexing, document matching, content mapping content summarization and many others. AI possibilities were also found to include improving the technology of gripping, localizing and human–robot interaction and also having artificial superintelligence, the hypothetical AI that surpasses human intelligence and abilities. Originality/value It is concluded that advanced technologies that AI are, will help librarians to open up new horizons and solve challenges that crop up in library service delivery.

Improving stability in physical human–robot interaction by estimating human hand stiffness and a vibration index

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Bian ◽  
Danmei Ren ◽  
Ruifeng Li ◽  
Peidong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to eliminate instability which may occur when a human stiffens his arms in physical human–robot interaction by estimating the human hand stiffness and presenting a modified vibration index. Design/methodology/approach Human hand stiffness is first estimated in real time as a prior indicator of instability by capturing the arm configuration and modeling the level of muscle co-contraction in the human’s arms. A time-domain vibration index based on the interaction force is then modified to reduce the delay in instability detection. The instability is confirmed when the vibration index exceeds a given threshold. The virtual damping coefficient in admittance controller is adjusted accordingly to ensure stability in physical human–robot interaction. Findings By estimating the human hand stiffness and modifying the vibration index, the instability which may occur in stiff environment in physical human–robot interaction is detected and eliminated, and the time delay is reduced. The experimental results demonstrate significant improvement in stabilizing the system when the human operator stiffens his arms. Originality/value The originality is in estimating the human hand stiffness online as a prior indicator of instability by capturing the arm configuration and modeling the level of muscle co-contraction in the human’s arms. A modification of the vibration index is also an originality to reduce the time delay of instability detection.

Human robot interaction for manipulation tasks based on stroke gesture recognition

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Li ◽  
Jianguo Tao ◽  
Liang Ding ◽  
Haibo Gao ◽  
Zongquan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Parameter Extraction ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the usage of stroke gestures in manipulation tasks to make the interaction between human and robot more efficient. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a set of stroke gestures is designed for typical manipulation tasks. A gesture recognition and parameter extraction system is proposed to exploit the information in stroke gestures drawn by the users. Findings The results show that the designed gesture recognition subsystem can reach a recognition accuracy of 99.00 per cent. The parameter extraction subsystem can successfully extract parameters needed for typical manipulation tasks with a success rate about 86.30 per cent. The system shows an acceptable performance in the experiments. Practical implications Using stroke gesture in manipulation tasks can make the transmission of human intentions to the robots more efficient. The proposed gesture recognition subsystem is based on convolutional neural network which is robust to different input. The parameter extraction subsystem can extract the spatial information encoded in stroke gestures. Originality/value The author designs stroke gestures for manipulation tasks which is an extension of the usage of stroke gestures. The proposed gesture recognition and parameter extraction system can make use of stroke gestures to get the type of the task and important parameters for the task simultaneously.

scholarly journals Improving human–robot interactions in hospitality settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen R. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Autonomous Service

PurposeService robotics, a branch of robotics that entails the development of robots able to assist humans in their environment, is of growing interest in the hospitality industry. Designing effective autonomous service robots, however, requires an understanding of Human–Robot Interaction (HRI), a relatively young discipline dedicated to understanding, designing, and evaluating robotic systems for use by or with humans. HRI has not yet received sufficient attention in hospitality robotic design, much like Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) in property management system design in the 1980s. This article proposes a set of introductory HRI guidelines with implementation standards for autonomous hospitality service robots.Design/methodology/approachA set of key user-centered HRI guidelines for hospitality service robots were extracted from 52 research articles. These are organized into service performance categories to provide more context for their application in hospitality settings.FindingsBased on an extensive literature review, this article presents some HRI guidelines that may drive higher levels of acceptance of service robots in customer-facing situations. Deriving meaningful HRI guidelines requires an understanding of how customers evaluate service interactions with humans in hospitality settings and to what degree those will differ with service robots.Originality/valueRobots are challenging assumptions on how hospitality businesses operate. They are being increasingly deployed by hotels and restaurants to boost productivity and maintain service levels. Effective HRI guidelines incorporate user requirements and expectations in the design specifications. Compilation of such information for designers of hospitality service robots will offer a clearer roadmap for them to follow.

Hybrid oscillator-based no-delay hip exoskeleton control for free walking assistance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Linghui Xu ◽  
Linfan Yu ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Zehao Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Delay Compensation ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adaptive Oscillators ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
Gait Phase

Purpose Walking-aid exoskeletons can assist and protect effectively the group with lower limb muscle strength decline, workers, first responders and military personnel. However, there is almost no united control strategy that can effectively assist daily walking. This paper aims to propose a hybrid oscillators’ (HOs) model to adapt to irregular gait (IG) patterns (frequent alternation between walking and standing or rapid changing of walking speed, etc.) and generate compliant and no-delay assistive torque. Design/methodology/approach The proposed algorithm, HOs, combines adaptive oscillators (AOs) with phase oscillator through switching assistive mode depending on whether or not the AOs' predicting error of hip joint degree is exceeded our expectation. HOs can compensate for delay by predicting gait phase when in AOs mode. Several treadmill and free walking experiments are designed to test the adaptability and effectiveness of HOs model under IG. Findings The experimental results show that the assistive strategy based on the HOs is effective under IG patterns, and delay is compensated totally under quasiperiodic gait conditions where a smoother human–robot interaction (HRI) force and the reduction of HRI force peak are observed. Delay compensation is found very effective at improving the performance of the assistive exoskeleton. Originality/value A novel algorithm is proposed to improve the adaptability of a walking assist hip exoskeleton in daily walking as well as generate compliant, no-delay assistive torque when converging.

scholarly journals Teaching innovations in Asian higher education: perspectives of educators

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Many

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the teaching innovations that have been implemented in higher education institutions in Asia and the perspectives of educators on them. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 educators who were affiliated with 23 higher education institutions in ten Asian countries/regions. The interviews covered information about the teaching innovations of the participants’ institutions, the characteristics of the innovative practices and the participants’ views on them. The relationships between the characteristics of institutions and their teaching innovations were also examined. Findings The results showed that the teaching innovations included two main categories, namely, those which involved the use of advanced technologies and those which did not. The innovations that involved the use of advanced technologies were mainly from larger institutions, while the other category was mainly from smaller ones and had been practised for less than 1.5 years. Differences were also identified between the two categories in terms of the aims and importance of innovations, innovative features, the evaluation of innovations and improvements needed for them. Originality/value The results highlighted that technology is only one of the many aspects of teaching innovations, which is different from the view prevailing in the literature. They also suggested that differences in the scale of institutions (in terms of number of students) possibly influences the kind of teaching innovations adopted.

The intelligence explosion revisited

foresight ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Karim Jebari ◽  
Joakim Lundborg
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Technological Artifacts ◽  
Existential Risk

Purpose The claim that super intelligent machines constitute a major existential risk was recently defended in Nick Bostrom’s book Superintelligence and forms the basis of the sub-discipline AI risk. The purpose of this paper is to critically assess the philosophical assumptions that are of importance to the argument that AI could pose an existential risk and if so, the character of that risk. Design/methodology/approach This paper distinguishes between “intelligence” or the cognitive capacity of an individual and “techne”, a more general ability to solve problems using, for example, technological artifacts. While human intelligence has not changed much over historical time, human techne has improved considerably. Moreover, the fact that human techne has more variance across individuals than human intelligence suggests that if machine techne were to surpass human techne, the transition is likely going to be prolonged rather than explosive. Findings Some constraints for the intelligence explosion scenario are presented that imply that AI could be controlled by human organizations. Originality/value If true, this argument suggests that efforts should focus on devising strategies to control AI rather strategies that assume that such control is impossible.

scholarly journals Special Issue in Artificial Intelligence

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Dora Maria Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Robot Interaction

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary subject in science and engineering that makes it possible for machines to learn from data. Artificial Intelligence applications include prediction, recommendation, classification and recognition, object detection, natural language processing, autonomous systems, among others. The topics of the articles in this special issue include deep learning applied to medicine [1, 3], support vector machine applied to ecosystems [2], human-robot interaction [4], clustering in the identification of anomalous patterns in communication networks [5], expert systems for the simulation of natural disaster scenarios [6], real-time algorithms of artificial intelligence [7] and big data analytics for natural disasters [8].

scholarly journals Online disclosure practices of halal-friendly hotels

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram Nur Muharam ◽  
Mehmet Asutay
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This research analyses the online disclosure practices of halal-friendly hotels, denoting their service provision within “halal” expectancies. This study aims to discover the halal attributes commonly used in the online marketing practices of halal-friendly hotels. Design/methodology/approach The methods used in this study include a deductive approach through literature, which was then followed by an initial investigation of several random samples that produced 24 points of halal-friendly attributes, and then content analysis to find out the online disclosure practices of 55 halal-friendly hotels. Further insights gathered through analysis of the use of Islamic images and symbols; also, by examining the nexus between the disclosure level and other variables such as halal-friendly certification level, star-level and guest ratings. Findings The results show that most hotels classify themselves as halal-friendly by providing information that articulates Islamic identity or by informing the existence of prayer facilities. Information displayed includes halal food, halal places, alcohol-free policy, prayer facilities and Qibla direction. Furthermore, image analysis shows that almost all hotels use human photographs, and the preferred gender is male; only a few hotels expose Islamic symbols. Most hotels maintain a neutral impression by avoiding “Islamised gender” and not overly emphasising Islamic images. Otherwise, halal-friendly certification level is positively correlated with the disclosure level. Practical implications The results provide a fresh insight regarding the online marketing practices of the halal-friendly hotels and could be used as a benchmark by the practitioners. Originality/value This topic is still unexplored; it shows this research originality.

The Pransky interview: Dr Cory Kidd, Founder and CEO at Catalia Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Pransky
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Purpose The purpose of this paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD-turned-entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Cory Kidd, an inventor, entrepreneur and leading practitioner in the field of human–robot interaction. Dr Kidd shares his 20-year journey of working at the intersection of healthcare and technology and how he applied innovative technologies toward solving large-scale consumer healthcare challenges. Findings Dr Kidd received his BS degree in Computer Science from the Georgia Institute of Technology and earned a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow in Computer and Information Science & Engineering. Dr Kidd received his MS and PhD degrees at the MIT Media Lab in human–robot interaction. While there, he conducted studies that showed the psychological and clinical advantages of using a physical robot over screen-based interactions. While finishing his PhD in 2007, he founded his first company, Intuitive Automata, which created interactive coaches for weight loss. Though Intuitive Automata ceased operations in 2013, Dr Kidd harnessed his extensive knowledge of the healthcare business and the experiences from patient engagement and launched Catalia Health in 2014 with a new platform centered specifically around patient behavior change programs for chronic disease management. Originality/value Dr Kidd is a pioneer of social robotics and has developed groundbreaking technology for healthcare applications that combines artificial intelligence, psychology and medical best practices to deliver everyday care to patients who are managing chronic conditions. He holds patents, including one entitled Apparatus and Method for Assisting in Achieving Desired Behavior Patterns and in an Interactive Personal Health Promoting Robot. Dr Kidd was awarded the inaugural Wall Street Journal and Credit Suisse Technopreneur of the Year in 2010, which is meant to “honor the entry that best applies technology with the greatest potential for commercial success”. He is also the Director of Business Development for the nonprofit Silicon Valley Robotics and is an impact partner for Fresco Capital. He consults, mentors and serves as a Board Member and Advisor to several high-tech startups.

scholarly journals Immersive information behaviour: using the documents of the future

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Sensory Interaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Selective Analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the case for studies of information behaviour in the use of immersive documents. Immersive documents, where unreality is perceived as reality, arise from a combination of rapidly developing technologies and applications: pervasive and networked information, multi-sensory interaction and the creation of participatory texts. Design/methodology/approach – A critical and selective analysis of relevant literature is presented. Findings – Immersive documents are likely to have a significant effect on library/information service provision, as it is to expected that novel information behaviours will emerge as these documents become widely used. Studies of immersive information behaviour and practices will be valuable in planning for how library/information services can best provide access to such documents, and may also guide the development of such documents. They may also contribute to the development of information behaviour research generally, and to better interaction between research and practice. Research limitations/implications – As such documents are not yet in wide use, the conclusions are necessarily speculative. Originality/value – This is the first paper to discuss information behaviour in respect of immersive documents.

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