Physical Performance in Older Cohorts: A Comparison of 81-Year-Old Swedish Men and Women Born Twelve Years Apart—Results from the Swedish Study “Good Aging in Skåne”

Introduction/Aim of the Study. One way of investigating health trends at the population level is to study the physical performance and functional ability in different birth cohorts. The information obtained can be used to predict illness, disability, and future needs for care. However, contradictory findings have been reported when comparing the physical performance of older adult birth cohorts. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the birth cohort is associated with the level of physical performance in 81-year-old men and women born twelve years apart. Materials and Methods. Birth cohorts of both sexes drawn from the Swedish study “Good Aging in Skåne” for the years 1920–22 and 1932–34 were compared. Walking, the step test, the chair stand test, and the handgrip strength test were used as proxies for the physical performance. The results were adjusted for lifestyle habits and common chronic geriatric diseases. Results. Both men and women in the later-born cohort walked more quickly and completed the chair stand test faster, and women were also quicker in the step test. No significant differences were found in the grip test, in either the male or female cohorts. Discussion. Normative reference values for physical tests of subjects of different ages can be misleading unless cohort effects are considered. Furthermore, age-related trajectories can also be misinterpreted if cohort effects are neglected which, in the longer perspective, could affect health care planning. Conclusion. Birth cohort effects should be considered when comparing walking speed, number of steps, chair stands, and the step test, in men and women of older age.

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Decrease in physical performance during the hospitalisation phase of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation ◽

10.12968/ijtr.2018.0012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carine Lumi ◽

Fabrício Edler Macagnan ◽

Adriana Kessler ◽

Priscila De Toni ◽

Adriana Maisonnave Raffone

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Chair Stand Test

Background/Aims The negative impact caused by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation still requires further investigation. This study aims to investigate the effects of this procedure on skeletal muscle strength, functional performance and fatigue sensation in the hospitalisation phase. Methods This prospective cohort study aimed to assess physical performance by measuring ventilatory muscle strength, peripheral muscle strength and fatigue in patients who underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Results The sample consisted of 30 patients of both sexes (63% men) with a mean age of 48.6 ± 13.2 years. Maximal inspiratory pressure and expiratory pressure decreased by 19% and 16%, respectively (P<0.001). There was a 16% reduction in handgrip strength in the second assessment (P<0.001), as well as a reduction of 30.6% in the 30-Second Chair Stand Test (P<0.001). The fatigue test score increased exponentially (60%) (P<0.001). Individuals with worse results in the 30-Second Chair Stand Test remained hospitalised for a longer period than those with better results (P=0.024). Conclusions This study concluded that after the transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells there was a relevant reduction in the results of the applied tests, as well as an increase in fatigue.

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117 Study of Development and Validation of the Multi-Sensor based Kiosk Performing Short Physical Performance Battery Automatically

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afz164.117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. iv28-iv33

Author(s):

Heewon Jung ◽

Jae-Young Lim ◽

Jihong Park

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Physical Therapist ◽

Short Physical Performance Battery ◽

Standing Balance ◽

Clinical Test ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Chair Stand Test

Abstract Background Short physical performance battery (SPPB) is a well-accepted clinical test to assess vulnerability in older adults. We aimed to develop and validate a multi-sensor based kiosk (e-SPPB kiosk) which can perform automated measurement for SPPB. Methods The e-SPPB kiosk was developed to measure 3 components of SPPB of standing balance, gait speed, and chair stand test with embedded sensors and algorithms. Feasibility and reliability of the e-SPPB kiosk was assessed with the manually measured SPPB (m-SPPB) by a physical therapist in participants aged 65 or older recruited from the outpatient rehabilitation clinic of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, from November 2018 to April 2019. Results In 34 participants with mean age of 73.6 (standard deviation [SD] 5.4), mean of e-SPPB total score was 10.1 (SD 2.2) and mean of m-SPPB total score was 10.2 (SD 2.3). Concordance between e-SPPB and m-SPPB total score was 0.94 (P<0.001) and agreement by Kappa was 0.65 (P<0.001). Agreements for components of e-SPPB and m-SPPB were 0.68 (P<0.001), 0.73 (P<0.001), 0.92 (P<0.001) for standing balance, gait speed and chair stand test, respectively. Conclusion In older adults, physical performance measured by the e-SPPB kiosk correlated to m-SPPB measured by a single physical therapist. In multicenter studies for older people with physical performance as an outcome or selection criterion, e-SPPB kiosk can be used to reduce possible inter-rater variabilities of SPPB.

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SINGLE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES CANNOT IDENTIFY GERIATRIC OUTPATIENTS WITH SARCOPENIA

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2018.19 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

S.M.L.M. Looijaard ◽

S.J. Oudbier ◽

E.M. Reijnierse ◽

G.J. Blauw ◽

C.G.M. Meskers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Chair Stand Test

Background: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in the older population and is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Equipment to measure muscle mass and muscle strength to diagnose sarcopenia is often unavailable in clinical practice due to the related expenses while an easy physical performance measure to identify individuals who could potentially have sarcopenia is lacking. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between physical performance measures and definitions of sarcopenia in a clinically relevant population of geriatric outpatients. Design, setting and participants: A cross-sectional study was conducted, consisting of 140 community-dwelling older adults that were referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic. No exclusion criteria were applied. Measurements: Physical performance measures included balance tests (side-by-side, semi-tandem and tandem test with eyes open and -closed), four-meter walk test, timed up and go test, chair stand test, handgrip strength and two subjective questions on mobility. Direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure muscle mass. Five commonly used definitions of sarcopenia were applied. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve.Results: Physical performance measures, i.e. side-by-side test, tandem test, chair stand test and handgrip strength, were associated with at least one definition of sarcopenia. Diagnostic accuracy of these physical performance measures was poor. Conclusions: Single physical performance measures could not identify older individuals with sarcopenia, according to five different definitions of sarcopenia.

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Relationships between Body Fat Percentage, the Two-Step Test, and 30-seconds Chair-stand Test in Company Workers

Rigakuryoho Kagaku ◽

10.1589/rika.34.801 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 801-804

Author(s):

Ryuichi ARAI ◽

Ayako USUKI ◽

Daisuke ITO

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Step Test ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Chair Stand Test

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Correlation of sarcopenia and depressive mood in older community dwellers: a cross-sectional observational study in China

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e038089

Author(s):

Lei Chen ◽

Yunlu Sheng ◽

Hanmei Qi ◽

Tingting Tang ◽

Jing Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Test Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Depressive Mood ◽

Standing Balance ◽

Balance Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Chair Stand Test

ObjectiveWhether sarcopenia is detrimental to depression is still controversial, which may be due to the three components of the sarcopenia. Our objective was to define the correlation between depression and sarcopenia in older Chinese community dwellers.DesignThe study has a cross-sectional design.SettingThe study was conducted in Jiangsu, China.ParticipantsA total of 101 men and 149 women aged 60 years or older were recruited.Outcome measuresLean tissue mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength in the upper and lower limbs was measured by a handheld dynamometer and a chair stand test, respectively. Physical performance was assessed by gait speed and standing balance tests. Depressive mood was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-30 (range 0–30).ResultsParticipants in the sarcopenia group had a higher mean depression score than the normal group (p=0.002). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that depression was negatively associated with muscle strength (handgrip strength: R=−0.170, p=0.028 for women, R=−0.196, p=0.048 for men; chair stand test performance: R=0.252, p=0.002 for women, R=0.311, p=0.001 for men) and physical performance (gait speed: R=−0.200, p=0.009, standing balance test performance: R=−0.224, p=0.006, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): R=−0.218, p=0.007 for women; SPPB: R=−0.252, p=0.01 for men). Multiple linear regression models revealed that depressive mood was inversely associated with chair stand test (β=0.325, p<0.001), gait speed (β=−0.009, p=0.041) and standing balance test (β=−0.24, p=0.016) after adjusting for confounding factors, while no significant correlation was observed between depressive mood and muscle mass.ConclusionThe diagnostic components of sarcopenia—strength of the leg muscles (chair stand test) and physical performance (gait speed and standing balance test)—were associated with depressive mood.

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Measures of physical performance assessments: Self-Paced Walk Test (SPWT), Stair Climb Test (SCT), Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Chair Stand Test (CST), Timed Up & Go (TUG), Sock Test, Lift and Carry Test (LCT), and Car Task

Arthritis Care & Research ◽

10.1002/acr.20538 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (S11) ◽

pp. S350-S370 ◽

Cited By ~ 186

Author(s):

Kim Bennell ◽

Fiona Dobson ◽

Rana Hinman

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Performance Assessments ◽

Walk Test ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Six Minute Walk Test ◽

Chair Stand Test ◽

Minute Walk

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Relationship between malnutrition and possible sarcopenia in the AWGS 2019 consensus affecting mortality in hemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02566-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kenichi Kono ◽

Yoshifumi Moriyama ◽

Hiroki Yabe ◽

Ayaka Hara ◽

Takeki Ishida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Youden Index ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Chair Stand Test ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background The first objective of this study was to determine the relationship between muscle strength or physical performance and mortality, and the second objective was to show the relationship of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) to muscle strength and physical performance decline. Methods We examined handgrip, the 5-times chair stand test, and GNRI in 635 maintenance hemodialysis patients and followed up for 72 months. Predictors for all-cause death were examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional analysis. The relationship between possible sarcopenia and nutritional disorder (GNRI) was constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We used the Youden index to determine the optimal cutoff points for GNRI. Results The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that the GNRI did not show any significance, although handgrip (HR 3.61, 95% CI 1.70–7.68, p < 0.001) and the 5-times chair stand test (HR 1.71 95% CI 1.01–2.90, p = 0.045) were significant predictors for mortality. On the evaluation of possible sarcopenia by handgrip strength, the area under curve (AUC) on ROC curve analysis were 0.68 (95% CI 0.64–0.72), and 5-chair stand, the AUC on ROC were 0.55 (95% CI 0.51–0.60). The cut-off value for the GNRI discriminating those at possible sarcopenia by handgrip strength based on the Youden index was 91.5. Conclusions Our study suggests that the handgrip strength test of the AWGS 2019 sarcopenia consensus was a simple and useful tool to predict mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, GNRI assessment can be a useful tool for screening before assessing possible sarcopenia when it is difficult to perform SARC-F to all patients.

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Incidence and multidimensional predictors of occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community‐dwelling older persons

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02103-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Theng Choon Ooi ◽

Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh ◽

Suzana Shahar ◽

Nor Fadilah Rajab ◽

Divya Vanoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Older Persons ◽

Test Score ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Chair Stand ◽

Stand Test ◽

Chair Stand Test ◽

Recurrent Falls ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Falls incidence rate and comprehensive data on factors that predict occasional and repeated falls from large population-based studies are scarce. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of falls and identify predictors of occasional and recurrent falls. This was done in the social, medical, physical, nutritional, biochemical, cognitive dimensions among community-dwelling older Malaysians. Methods Data from 1,763 Malaysian community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years were obtained from the LRGS-TUA longitudinal study. Participants were categorized into three groups according to the presence of a single fall (occasional fallers), ≥two falls (recurrent fallers), or absence of falls (non-fallers) at an 18-month follow-up. Results Three hundred and nine (17.53 %) participants reported fall occurrences at an 18-month follow-up, of whom 85 (27.51 %) had two or more falls. The incidence rate for occasional and recurrent falls was 8.47 and 3.21 per 100 person-years, respectively. Following multifactorial adjustments, being female (OR: 1.57; 95 % CI: 1.04–2.36), being single (OR: 5.31; 95 % CI: 3.36–37.48), having history of fall (OR: 1.86; 95 % CI: 1.19–2.92) higher depression scale score (OR: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.20), lower hemoglobin levels (OR: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.81-1.00) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.93; 95 % CI: 0.87-1.00) remained independent predictors of occasional falls. While, having history of falls (OR: 2.74; 95 % CI: 1.45–5.19), being a stroke survivor (OR: 8.57; 95 % CI: 2.12–34.65), higher percentage of body fat (OR: 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.08) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.77–0.97) appeared as recurrent falls predictors. Conclusions Having history of falls and lower muscle strength were predictors for both occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community-dwelling older persons. Modifying these predictors may be beneficial in falls prevention and management strategies among older persons.

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