scholarly journals Process Plant Upgradation Using Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Criteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dongqiao Bai ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Shouzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Reliability And Availability ◽  
Expected Outcomes ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study is to propose a solution for process plant upgradation becoming extinct due to obsoleteness of spares. The study will help in reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) based upgradation of control system of process plants in developing countries. Available options for plant upgradation are compact control, modular, and semiautomatic. RAM based upgradation provides solution which is high in reliability and availability (usually all parts are replaced with upgraded and compatible technology) and is easy to maintain throughout the service life of process plant. Case study for stacker and reclaimer of cement plant upgradation is considered to both implement and evaluate the idea. Upgradation methodology is finalized by expert’s feedback regarding selection of hardware with respect to availability, market survey to validate the opinion, and economical availability viability of selected hardware. Pre- and postupgradation scenarios are analyzed to validate the implementation of study and conclude the expected outcomes. The process plant upgradation yielded a cost-effective solution to the problem with automation increasing by 17%, plant maintainability increasing by 80%, and downtime of plant decreasing by 17%. Among all available options, modular design Op1 is considered the best choice that can satisfy RAM criteria.

The Use of Photogrammetry in Piping Design

1983 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Bracewell ◽  
U R Klement
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Positional Data

Piping design for ‘revamp’ projects in the process industry requires the retrieval of large amounts of ‘as-built’ data from existing process plant installations. Positional data with a high degree of accuracy are required. Photogrammetry, the science of measurement from photographs, was identified in Imperial Chemical Industries plc (ICI) as a suitable tool for information retrieval. The mathematical formulation enabling the definition of three-dimensional positions from photographic information is described. The process of using ICI's photogrammetric system for the definition of complete objects such as structures and pipes is illustrated. The need for specialized photogrammetric software for design purposes is explained. A case study describing how the photogrammetric system has been applied is described and graphical outputs from this exercise are shown. It is concluded that this particular photogrammetric system has proved to be a cost effective and accurate tool for the retrieval of ‘as-built’ information.

scholarly journals Towards Semi-Automatic Generation of a Steady State Digital Twin of a Brownfield Process Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6959
Author(s):  
Seppo Sierla ◽  
Lotta Sorsamäki ◽  
Mohammad Azangoo ◽  
Antti Villberg ◽  
Eemeli Hytönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Engineering Effort ◽  
Process Measurements

Researchers have proposed various models for assessing design alternatives for process plant retrofits. Due to the considerable engineering effort involved, no such models exist for the great majority of brownfield process plants, which have been in operation for years or decades. This article proposes a semi-automatic methodology for generating a digital twin of a brownfield plant. The methodology consists of: (1) extracting information from piping and instrumentation diagrams, (2) converting the information to a graph format, (3) applying graph algorithms to preprocess the graph, (4) generating a simulation model from the graph, (5) performing manual expert editing of the generated model, (6) configuring the calculations done by simulation model elements and (7) parameterizing the simulation model according to recent process measurements in order to obtain a digital twin. Since previous work exists for steps (1–2), this article focuses on defining the methodology for (3–5) and demonstrating it on a laboratory process. A discussion is provided for (6–7). The result of the case study was that only few manual edits needed to be made to the automatically generated simulation model. The paper is concluded with an assessment of open issues and topics of further research for this 7-step methodology.

Development of subsea tie-backs in challenging environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Gregor Couper ◽  
Sina Roshan-Zamir ◽  
John Rickman ◽  
Chris Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Constraint Factors ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
Stage Process

Tie-backs to existing facilities are a long established method of expanding developments, as they often offer a cost-effective solution. For short length tie-backs located in regions that are remote and/or subject to severe weather conditions, however, the feasibility of installation can become a significant constraint. Factors such as high mobilisation cost of pipelay vessels and conditions that make pipeline towing impractical limit the potential design solutions. Defining these constraints early in the project is critical to successful execution. This extended abstract explores the challenges faced when developing such a tie-back by considering a case study of Origin Energy’s Geographe development, located in the Otway Basin. The location and harsh weather conditions constrained the viable installation options, which shaped the design. A flexible flowline was selected because it could be installed from a wider range of vessels and in a less limiting weather window. Subsea coolers are located at the wells for control of top of line (TOL) corrosion and to protect the flexible flowline from exposure to overly high temperatures. The cooler design brings its own challenges, requiring a two-stage process. First, modelling of the production fluid is used to determine the cooling requirements; then, CFD is used to design the cooler piping and structure to achieve this. A design with multiple, smaller structures was used to maximise the number of capable installation vessels. This extended abstract discusses the constraints that can occur, how the design must accommodate them, and the implications on execution of the project.

scholarly journals Inherent safety evaluation in process plants— a comparison of methodologies

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 756-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Abedi ◽  
Mohammad Shahriari
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Process Controls ◽  
Global Population

AbstractA global population increase and an improved standard of living are generally expected. To meet these demands, an increased production of chemicals will be necessary while protecting human health and the environment. However, most current methods of chemical production are unsustainable. New designs must result in plants that assure process and operator safety, the sustained health of workers and the community, and the protection of the environment. Traditional safety precautions and process controls minimize risk but cannot guarantee the prevention of accidents followed by serious consequences. Therefore, the general approach to environmental and safety problems must be changed from reactive to proactive. One way is to further develop the concept of inherent safety.In this paper some methods for inherent safety evaluations are reviewed. The aim of the study is to analyze the different tools available for inherent safety evaluation and identify the most important criteria in determining the inherent safety of a process plant. A model is proposed to show the interactions of different factors on the inherent safety level of a process and the model is illustrated by a case study.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY OF SPILL RESPONSES UNDERTAKEN BY AND PRACTICAL ISSUES OF IMPLEMENTING A TIER 2 AERIAL DISPERSANT AND SURVEILLANCE SERVICE IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA1

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
Simon Dewhirst
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
The Will

ABSTRACT Following detailed investigation into the need and practical issues involved, The Global Alliance successfully implemented a cost effective solution to provide a Tier 2 regional aerial dispersant and surveillance service in West and Central Africa (WACAF). The will paper provide a case study ofi) The practical issues concerned with the implementation of the project from conception, through development and implementation. Transboundary issues concerning the logistics and deployment of the service and location of depots are discussed along with the need for the oil community to work closely together and with national authorities are discussed.ii) The solution and rationale adopted to enable an effective response and cost effective service.iii) The response and lessons learnt by The Global Alliance following the deployment of the service to two live spills in the region. Video footage of the aircraft trials and an actual spill response will be provided along with details of the aircraft and associated equipment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF APAMARGA KSARTAIL UTTARBASTI AND PHALAGHRITA IN BILATERAL TUBAL BLOCKAGE- A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Komal Gurjar ◽  
Poonam Choudhary ◽  
K.Bharathi ◽  
B.Pushpalatha
Keyword(s):  
Local Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Tubal Blockage ◽  
Ayurvedic Treatment ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The present case study was carried out to evaluate the role of Uttar basti with in tubal blockage, in order to establish it as a safer and cost effective Ayurvedic treatment modality. The criteria for selection of tubal blockage diagnosed in diagnostic laproscopy. Uttar basti was administered, after cessation of menstruation, to the screened patient through hematological, urinary and serological (HIV, VDRL, HBsAG) investigations. The result suggests that Uttar basti is a highly significant treatment for tubal blockage. Uttar basti is ideal local therapy is to be adopted in tubal block. Apamarga ksar tail is very good Vata kaphashamak guna and Lekhan properties, Taila is having the property to reach minute channels in body. Phala ghruta is best for all Yonirogas, also to reduce Dhaha which is due to Kshar tail.

Consumer perception and readership pattern of toi readers – a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Ishita Adhikari ◽  
Rashi Sangal
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Selection Of

India is one of the fastest developing countries today. The increased newspaper readership is the result of its growing literacy and access to news on multiple technology and social media platforms. The research is based on overall consumer behaviour towards selection of newspaper with special reference with, India’s leading newspaper brand. Study of consumer behaviour helps the organisations in improvisation of various strategies by understanding customer psyche while evaluating the various alternatives and selecting the best suited one from all available. It also emphasises on factors influencing buying decision and help the firm figure out the consumer’s needs and accordingly provide customised products as desired by them. The current study demonstrates how individuals make decision regarding the preferences towards the selection of a leading newspaper brand. Further, the research provided information which is useful in taking various marketing decision and helped to reduce the risk of consumer shift to various other brands prevailing in the market. The study was conducted through a survey of respondent’s residing in NCR, Delhi. The research concluded that promotional schemes offered by Times of India had a positive correlation with the buying behaviour of the subscribers. However there is a need to strengthen the awareness of the promotional schemes on regular basis and establishing a strong emotional connect with the readers. I Print media is one of the most powerful and cost effective medium to transfer information and knowledge. The print media industry in India is over century old. Additionally it is a settled industry. This industry basically involves in publishing daily papers and magazines. India has the second biggest population and one of the fastest developing economies on the planet. Along these the expanding level of income of people, groups and the strong rivalry in this industry help print media in its development. As per Arc Gate (2010), Indian Magazine Market Overview, “sensational impacts of internet and globalization in current situation are playing high effect on media industry. Individuals presently consuming news and data from web through computers or mobiles, the fame of print media is not decreasing. To avoid a decline of market share in comparison with other media instruments, the producer should be able to produce high quality printed content and magazines”.

Solution of Two-Echelon Facility Location Problems by Approximation Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 2610 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Jahangiriesmaili ◽  
Sina Bahrami ◽  
Matthew J. Roorda
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Approximation Techniques ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Center Potential

The two-echelon delivery structure is a strategy that can be implemented in urban areas to lower delivery costs by reducing the movement of heavy goods vehicles. In a two-echelon delivery structure, large trucks deliver shipments from a consolidation center to several terminals, where packages are transferred to smaller trucks for last-mile deliveries. This paper formulates a model that solves the two-echelon delivery structure by the use of approximation techniques. Several potential terminal locations and demand areas were identified, and the optimal number and locations of the terminals were examined, as the model evaluated the most cost-effective routes between the consolidation center, potential terminals, and demand areas. Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was chosen as the case study area to assess the model, and a cost analysis of the number and locations of the terminals was performed. The experiments showed that the number and the locations of the terminals were greatly influenced by the opening cost of the terminals and the transportation cost of the delivery trucks. It was also discovered that the likelihood of selection of terminals that were positioned near both the consolidation center and the center of the service area was higher than the likelihood of selection of terminals at any other location.

Resilience Calculation of Process Plants Under Seismic Loading: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bledar Kalemi ◽  
Antonio C. Caputo ◽  
Fabrizio Paolacci
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Event ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Operational Capacity

Abstract Earthquakes causes approximately 8% of total accidents in industrial facilities. Although there are several researches in literature pertaining to industrial resilience, none of them provides a modelling framework to quantify the seismic resilience of process plants. This paper presents a methodology for providing a quantitative measure of resilience and business economic losses for the process plants in case of a seismic event. The two main parameters which have utmost influence on the resilience of a process plant are operational capacity and recovery time, so they must be evaluated in proper way. Plant mapping and components vulnerability are the key modelling parameters of plant operational capacity. Exact recovery step functions are introduced based on General Reconstruction Activity Network (GRAN), considering interdependencies between plant components. In order to illustrate the discussed method, a nitric acid plant is set up as a case study. “PRIAMUS” software is used to generate the most probable damage scenarios, assuming the plant is located in seismic region of South Italy, Sicily. Ultimately, recovery curves are constructed for each damaged scenario, and business economic losses are calculated according to direct cost and business interruption. In short, this methodology provides a good estimation of the most critical components and economic losses of a process plant in case of a seismic event.

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