Experiment, model, and simulation of the pedestrian flow around a training school classroom during the after-class period

SIMULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003754972110254
Author(s):  
Chuan-Zhi Xie ◽  
Tie-Qiao Tang ◽  
Bo-Tao Zhang ◽  
Heng-Jun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Training School ◽  
Fine Grid ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Training Schools ◽  
Class Period ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

In China, training schools are ubiquitous, where heterogeneous pedestrian flow (which consists of adults and children) widely occurs during the after-class period. In this paper, we develop a fine grid cellular CA model to describe the pedestrian behaviors (e.g., pick-up behavior, searching behavior, matching behavior, waiting behavior, leading behavior, and following behavior) at a training school during the after-class period and explore the effects of the special behaviors on each pedestrian’s movement in and around a classroom. To describe the heterogeneous pedestrian flow accurately, (i) some questionnaire surveys are designed to extract some features of adult’s and child’s movement, and (ii) some video experiments are conducted to estimate/calibrate some parameters of interest in the proposed model. Finally, some strategies are designed to enhance the evacuation efficiency and the operational efficiency of training school. The numerical results indicate that the proposed model can reasonably match with reality, and the proposed strategies can enhance the evacuation efficiency and the operational efficiency of training school. The results can help the administrators to effectively manage the pedestrian evacuation at training school during the after-class period.

scholarly journals Novel Route Planning Method to Improve the Operational Efficiency of Capacitated Operations. Case: Application of Organic Fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-477
Author(s):  
Mahdi Vahdanjoo ◽  
Claus G. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Proposed Model

A field area coverage-planning algorithm has been developed for the optimization and simulation of capacitated field operations such as the organic fertilizer application process. The proposed model provides an optimal coverage plan, which includes the optimal sequence of the visited tracks with a designated application rate. The objective of this paper is to present a novel approach for route planning involving two simultaneous optimization criteria, non-working distance minimization and the optimization of application rates, for the capacitated field operations such as organic fertilizer application to improve the overall operational efficiency. The study and the developed algorithm have shown that it is possible to generate the optimized coverage plan based on the required defined capacity of the distributer. In this case, the capacity of the distributer is not considered a limiting factor for the farmers. To validate this new method, a shallow injection application process was considered, and the results of applying the optimization algorithm were compared with the conventional methods. The results show that the proposed method increase operational efficiency by 19.7%. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed model in robotic application were demonstrated by way of two defined scenarios.

Optimizing geometric design of roundabouts: multi-objective analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Mehmood ◽  
Said M Easa
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Design Consistency ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Optimum Solution ◽  
Curve Radius ◽  
Gis Software

The main objectives of roundabout design are to maximize traffic safety and operational efficiency. Traditionally, because of the complexity of the system and the multiple objectives involved, the design process is iterative and time-consuming. A minor change in the geometry can result in significant changes in the system performance (operation and safety). This paper presents an optimization model that directly provides the roundabout geometry that optimizes two objectives: design consistency and operational efficiency. Design consistency is represented by the mean difference in operating speeds for various conflicting vehicle paths and operational efficiency is represented by the average roundabout delay. Vehicle paths (through, right, and left) and roundabout delay are modeled for all roundabout approaches. The input geometric data to the model can be easily obtained from an aerial photograph of the selected site using a geographic information systems (GIS) software. The system performance is optimized subject to geometric and traffic constraints. The proposed model is applicable to single-lane roundabouts (urban and rural) with four legs intersecting at right angles. Application of the model to an actual proposed roundabout site is presented. This proposed approach provides the optimum solution directly and is also more efficient than the traditional iterative approach. Key words: geometric design, roundabouts, horizontal curve, radius, optimization, consistency, capacity, traffic delay.

First Achievements of MPN&MPNr-EuroNet (COST Action BM0902), a New European Network Dedicated to the Diagnosis of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Hereditary Erythrocytosis and Thrombocytosis

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2809-2809
Author(s):  
Sylvie Hermouet ◽  
Eric Lippert ◽  
Niels Pallisgaard ◽  
Jiri Schwarz ◽  
Mary Frances McMullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Jak2 V617f ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Training School ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Jak2 Mutation ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Training Schools

Abstract Abstract 2809 Background: The MPN&MPNr-EuroNet network, created in November 2009, is supported by the European program COST (CoOperation in Science and Technology). It is open to all colleagues active in the fields of myeloprolifeative neoplasms (MPN) and related hereditary diseases (MPNr: hereditary erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis). AIMS: To facilitate, improve and innovate in the diagnosis of MPN and hereditary erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis in Europe. Methods: MPN&MPNr-EuroNet has formed 4 working groups (WG): WG 1 focuses on JAK2 -mutated MPN; WG 2 is dedicated to thrombocythemia and myelofibroses without mutation of JAK2 and includes subgroups specialized in hereditary thrombocytosis (HT) and in histopathology; WG 3 is dedicated to hereditary erythrocytosis (HE); WG 4 is responsible for scientific cooperation and the diffusion of scientific knowledge. Results: During the first 18 months of MPN&MPNr-EuroNet activity, 77 colleagues from 19 countries (16 European countries plus Israel, Turkey, and the USA), joined the network and participated in the four WG, resulting in the achievements listed below. WG 1: 1) determination of the best JAK2 V617F assays, a joint MPN&MPNr-EuroNet/European LeukemiaNet project; 2) on-going study of MPN cases with low JAK2 V617F burden; 3) on-going study of MPN cases with multiple JAK2 mutation. WG 2: 1) list of laboratories responsible for the diagnosis of MPL and THPO mutations in Europe; 2) first international quality test of the detection of MPL mutations; 3) on-going study of new THPO and MPL mutations in HT cases; 4) on-going study of the histopathology of MPN without JAK2 mutation. WG 3: 1) list of laboratories responsible for the diagnosis of HE in Europe; 2) consensus on a diagnostic algorithm for the diagnosis of HE; 3) close interaction with COST Action TD0901 (HypoxiaNet) to facilitate the discovery of new genes of interest for the diagnosis of HE; 4) exchange of positive control samples for the main mutations responsible for HE; 5) study of idiopathic erythrocytosis. WG 4: 1) MPN&MPNr-EuroNet website: www.mpneuronet.eu; 2) organization of bi-annual meetings (5th meeting: March 7–9, 2012, Belfast, United Kingdom); 3) organization of annual training schools: a May training school dedicated to the molecular detection of JAK2 and MPL mutations (in Nîmes, France), and an October training school dedicated to hereditary erythrocytosis (in Coimbra, Portugal); 4) financial support for short term scientific missions for exchange and collaborative studies between participating institutions. Conclusion: MPN&MPNr-EuroNet will enable European researchers, biologists and clinicians to define new diagnostic tools and exchange technologies. MPN&MPNr-EuroNet is open to all interested physicians and scientists and we invite new members, including those from outside Europe, to join. Scholarships are available to finance participation in meetings and training schools, and to facilitate exchanges between participating institutions. For detailed information on all MPN&MPNr-EuroNet activities, see www.mpneuronet.eu. Disclosures: Schnittger: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Vannucchi:Novartis: Honoraria.

The Silent Observer

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
James E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Training School ◽  
Training Schools ◽  
Do So

Training schools throughout the country are handling more and more young offenders each year and must prepare them for re-entry to the community as quickly as possible. Thus, there is a constant search for more effective ways to do so. One method extensively used in juvenile institutions today is group therapy. However, at the Iowa Training School for Boys, conventional group therapy has been relatively unsuccessful; therefore, an approach was sought that produces more immediate results.

scholarly journals Characterization of Collision Avoidance in Pedestrian Crowds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Haitao Zhu ◽  
Shi Qiu ◽  
Boyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Pedestrian Crowd

The avoidance behavior of pedestrians was characterized in the present paper by simulating the movement of crowds in both unidirectional and bidirectional pedestrian flow. A phase change of alternative lane formation observed in real bidirectional pedestrian flows has been studied, where pedestrians tended to evade individuals in counterflow and simultaneously keep a certain distance from each other in the uniform pedestrian flow when the counterflow disappeared. What is more, the comparison between the effect of evading and pushing behavior on evacuation has been investigated in the room egress scenario. Additionally, the evading and overtaking behavior of fast pedestrians have also been simulated in heterogeneous crowds. The performance of the proposed model was compared to the experimental data and the results obtained using other evacuation models. Numerical results showed that both the phase change of alternative lane formation in bidirectional pedestrian flow and the effective evading behavior in unidirectional pedestrian flow were conductive to reduce the evacuation time of pedestrian crowds. Even though pushing behavior of fast pedestrians seemed to improve the flow through the wide exit, it might lead to the panic and other negative effect on the crowds, such as crowds trample. The proposed model in this paper could provide a theoretical basis for the pedestrian crowd management during emergency evacuation.

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