Implementation of the optimal construction of a combination device and evaluation of reliability by output voltage

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
F. Makarenko ◽  
A. Yagodkin ◽  
Konstantin Zolnikov ◽  
O. Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Logical Function ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Parametric Reliability ◽  
Information Parameter ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Combination Device ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
The Given

The theoretical propositions of the algebra of logic are considered. It is noted that the current microcircuitry based on the algebra of logic contains logical statements: true (yes) is a logical unit, false (no) is a logical zero. Based on the given logical function: ((ABC)×D + A×(BCD) + A×(BC)×D + (AB)×(CD), frontal, minimal, transformed minimal variants of the combination device are implemented, as well as minimized variants in the bases "AND-NOT" and "OR-NOT". A combination device based on import-substituting chips of 155, 176 series has been designed. The analysis of the obtained devices is made from the standpoint of technical and economic indicators, in particular, an assessment of the number of logic elements used, an assessment of the symmetry of the structure, as a result, a reduction in energy consumption, an increase in performance, improvements in parameters for reliability of functioning, a decrease in weight and size characteristics. Assuming that the law of change of the information parameter U1 is close to linear, taking into account the effect of temperature as boundary values for the elements of the applied microcircuits, taking the values -60 °C and +120°. Accordingly, the parametric reliability of the optimal implementation of the device according to the output voltage parameter is calculated. The conclusion is made about the inverse dependence of parametric reliability on temperature growth. A recommendation is given when evaluating parametric reliability for a number of other information parameters about the need to take into account both the number of chips used and the type of their interconnections.

scholarly journals Discussion Support System for Intra-class Discussions and the Criteria for Group Making

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kitagaki
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Class Discussions ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Group Information ◽  
The Given ◽  
Computerized System

A computerized system has been discussed. It assists group discussion done in a classroom in the way that, first, it presents a topic with the relevant choices, second, each student selects a choice and sends it to the server, third, the server determines the groups according to the choices and other information, forth, it sends to the students’ cell phone the group information with each choice, lastly, students actually make group according to the given information then start to discuss. Relating to the system, this paper describes the configuration of the proposed computer system, two aspects of group division(difference in learning and similarity in learning), the algorithm of the group division, and the execution process of actual group discussions, assisted by this system, about specific topics.

scholarly journals Studies in the geotropism of the pteridophyta V—Some effects of temperature on growth and geotropism in Asplenium bulbiferium

1935 ◽  
Vol 116 (800) ◽  
pp. 479-493 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Latent Time ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Given

Although temperature and gravity both influence plant life, and although both factors have been studied for many decades, there is surprisingly little literature decades, there is surprisingly little literature dealing with the relation between the two; and none, so far as I can discover, on the effect in any Pteridophyte. Navez (1929) who criticized the work of some investigators on the effect of temperature on the geotropism of a few seedlings, sums up the present position in his remark that the conclusions of workers are very different and often in opposition. The present paper gives the results of 1100 experiments carried out mainly between the years 1922 and 1927, and though it is realized that much remains to be done on the question, it is believed that the results which have been obtained are of some value. For general methods, reference may be made to previous “Studies” in this series. Geotropic sensitivity, as measured by presentation time at different stages in development of the frond, was fully worked out by Waight (1923) for 20°C, and is adopted here as a standard of reference. The growth rate recorded in the tables is that for the particular frond under investigation, or is the average of the fronds examined during the day of the experiment. Nearly all the experiments included in the tables were conducted during the months of April-October, as I have since been able to show that there is an annual rhythm in geotropic irritability. A decrease in sensitivity occurs in winter, and hence experiments performed in November-March are not strictly comparable with those carried out in the summer. The following abbreviations are used:- P.S. = period of stimulation. P.T. = presentation time, i. e ., the minimum period of stimulation in a horizontal position, which, under the given conditions, will cause a movement of approximately 5° in about 80% of the fronds. L.T. = latent time (Prankerd, 1925) in hours. N = “normal time,” i. e ., the P.T. For different stages of the frond at 20°C (see Waight, 1923).

The influence of reaction conditions on the course of electrolytic preparation of ammonium peroxodisulphate: The influence of the relative degree of saturation of starting solution and of the temperature

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2795-2808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Balej ◽  
Milada Thumová ◽  
Hana Špalková
Keyword(s):  
Electrolytic Cell ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentration ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Current Yield ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Starting Solution ◽  
Electrolytic Preparation ◽  
The Given

The current yield of the electrolytic preparation of concentrated solutions of ammonium peroxodisulphate was found to decrease with decreasing degree of saturation of the starting solution. It is therefore preferable to work with a starting solution of maximum allowable concentration with respect to the given temperature of electrolysis. As the temperature is increased, the current yield decreases progressively even if starting solution of maximum allowable concentration has been used; at the same time, the voltage on the electrolytic cell somewhat decreases. The observed effect of temperature on the current yield is a resultant of its effects on a number of simultaneously occurring electrochemical and chemical processes in the anode compartment.

Diversity of Weeds and Population Dynamics of Predators and Prey Present in Wheat-Mustard Ecosystem at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
S. Khanal ◽  
S. Adhikari ◽  
A. Bhattarai ◽  
S. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Given

A study was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa Rupandehi, agronomy field to study the diversity of weeds and population dynamics of predators and prey in wheat-mustard ecosystem. The study was conducted by quadrate sampling method using the wooden frame by selecting 40 sample spots, and locating its coordinates. Predator, prey, some of the beneficial and harmful insects as well as weed species was recorded in 5 days interval in the study. Relationships between the population of the mustard aphid and wheat aphid, lady bird beetle to maximum and minimum temperature were recorded in order to know the effect of temperature in relation to population density. Number of mustard aphid and its nymph has shown the positive significant relationship with the population of the spider in the wheat mustard ecosystem. Shannon Weiner Index value was calculated and the species richness was found to be 2.63 with the effective number of species value 9. The species evenness value was found to be 0.83 in the studied ecosystem which signifies that the given weed ecosystem is somewhat even. The importance value index (IVI) of the given ecosystem with the value of different weed species was calculated and it was found that the weed Anagalis arvensis was ranked as first with the IVI value of 57.98 following Vicia sativa and Chenopodium album. This signifies that the species Anagalis arvensis has greater control over the wheat mustard ecosystem of Paklihawa, Rupandehi.

scholarly journals Research Package Efficiency General Cargo

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6880-6884 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Packaged Goods ◽  
General Cargo ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
The Given ◽  
Special Meaning

The main reasons of the countries of the former Soviet Union lagging behind economically developed countries in the field of delivery of packaged goods is the lack of feasibility studies and specific organizational measures for the introduction of packaged transportation. Both of these circumstances acquire a special meaning and significance in the conditions of developing a market economy in the country. The purpose of the article is to show that the delivery of packaged goods is influenced by various factors, such as the size of vehicles, type of transport containers, methods of stacking cargo units on transport containers, etc., which are described in the article. The study applies economic criteria and principles of transport logistics and defines the areas of application of transport packaging for the delivery of packaged goods on the basis of specific technical and economic indicators. As a result of the study, the fields of application of transport packaging are determined to depend on the given parameters of packaging cargo. The necessity of a full feasibility study of packaged transportation is shown, as well as the costs of using transport packaging, as well as the cost of forming a transport package should be taken into account.

scholarly journals Node Embedding over Temporal Graphs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Singer ◽  
Ido Guy ◽  
Kira Radinsky
Keyword(s):  
Link Prediction ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Joint Optimization ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Label Node ◽  
Node Classification ◽  
Temporal Graphs ◽  
The Given ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Node Embeddings

In this work, we present a method for node embedding in temporal graphs. We propose an algorithm that learns the evolution of a temporal graph's nodes and edges over time and incorporates this dynamics in a temporal node embedding framework for different graph prediction tasks. We present a joint loss function that creates a temporal embedding of a node by learning to combine its historical temporal embeddings, such that it optimizes per given task (e.g., link prediction). The algorithm is initialized using static node embeddings, which are then aligned over the representations of a node at different time points, and eventually adapted for the given task in a joint optimization. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach over a variety of temporal graphs for the two fundamental tasks of temporal link prediction and multi-label node classification, comparing to competitive baselines and algorithmic alternatives. Our algorithm shows performance improvements across many of the datasets and baselines and is found particularly effective for graphs that are less cohesive, with a lower clustering coefficient.

scholarly journals Optimal Structural Design of a Magnetic Circuit for Vibration Harvesters Applicable in MEMS

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
Pavel Fiala ◽  
Jiří Zukal ◽  
Jamila Dědková ◽  
Přemysl Dohnal
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Rotationally Symmetric ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given ◽  
Individual Design ◽  
Physical Quantities

The paper discusses the results of research into a vibration-powered milli- or micro generator (MG). The generator harvests mechanical energy at an optimum level, utilizing the vibration of its mechanical system. The central purpose of our report is to outline the parameters that are significant for implementing the actual design to harvest the maximum (optimum) energy possible within periodic symmetrical systems, while respecting the typical behavior of the output voltage. The relevant theoretical outcomes influence the measurability and evaluation of the physical quantities that characterize the designed structures. The given parameters, which are currently defined in millimeters, are also applicable within the micrometer range, or MEMS. The article compares some of the published microgenerator concepts and design versions by using effective power density, among other parameters, and it also brings complementary comments on the applied harvesting techniques. The authors demonstrate minor variations in the magnetic rotationally symmetric circuit geometry that affect the pattern of the device’s instantaneous output voltage; in this context, the suitability of the individual design approaches that are to be used with MEMS as a vibration harvesting system is analyzed in terms of properties that are applicable in Industry 4.0.

scholarly journals THE KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF REVERSIBLE DENATURATION OF CRYSTALLINE SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR

1948 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kunitz
Keyword(s):  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Heat Of Reaction ◽  
Reaction Energies ◽  
The Given ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Entropy Of Reaction

Crystalline soybean trypsin inhibitor protein undergoes denaturation on heating which is reversed on cooling. In the range of temperature of 35 to 50°C. a solution of the protein consists of a mixture of native and denatured forms in equilibrium with each other. The equilibrium is only slowly established and its final value at any temperature is the same whether a heated, denatured solution of the protein is cooled to the given temperature or whether a fresh solution is raised to that temperature. The kinetics of reversible denaturation of the soybean protein as well as the reversal of denaturation is that of a reversible unimolecular reaction, each process consisting at a given temperature of the same two simultaneous reactions acting in opposite directions. The experimental data on the effect of temperature on the velocity and the equilibrium constants of the opposing reaction were utilized in evaluating the reaction energies and activation energies. The reaction energies for denaturation were found to be as follows:— Change in total heat of reaction ΔH = 57,000 calories per mole Change in entropy of reaction ΔS = 180 calories per degree per mole The heat of activation ΔH1‡ for denaturation = 55,000 The heat of activation ΔH2‡ for the reversal of denaturation = –1900 The entropy ΔS1‡ for denaturation = 95 The entropy ΔS2‡ for reversal of denaturation = –84

A Discussion on recent research in air pollution - Determination of industrial stack heights

1969 ◽  
Vol 265 (1161) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Continuous Point ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
The Given

One field of application of micrometeorological methods and results is that of air pollution meteorology. The number of problems where these method have been employed successfully increased considerably during the last few years. In this connexion I would like to discuss the outlines of a method of supplying meteorological information to air pollution authorities which enables them to decide on minimum heights of industrial stacks. This method has recently been proposed by a working group of meteorologists to the ‘V.D.I.-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft It should be added here, that this kind of information must not necessarily be the only type of information on which the authorities can base their decision but can be supplemented by other information. One of the most frequent questions the meteorologist is being asked in connexion with air pollution problems is the following: given an industrial source, which is emitting noxious gases under known technical conditions—such as efflux velocity, efflux temperature, total flue gas volume, source strength of the gas considered—how high must the source be, so that a certain surface concentration of this material is exceeded only in a limited number of cases ? This question seems to be simple and straightforward, but the meteorological problems involved are not easily solved. Besides, the economical consequences of the given answer are not negligible. The time averaged concentration field at the surface z = 0 in lee of an isolated, elevated and continuous point source in case of reflexion of the gas at the surface is given by •f(*,y,0) J | | | — — p-exp exp ( - ], 7TU(Ty(x) (Ts{x)T2a}(*)j M 2<rf(*)r where J is the time averaged concentration, Q the intensity of the source, u the mean wind velocity, which is assumed to be constant throughout the layer in which the diffusion takes place (here u is taken as a vertical mean of the time averaged wind velocity weighted with the vertical concentration distribution), cry,cre the standard deviations of the horizontal and vertical Gaussian concentration distribution, respectively, and h the effective source height above ground.

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