scholarly journals São Paulo’s strategic master plan and the challenges of sustainable urban transformation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-253
Author(s):  
Adalberto Gregório Back ◽  
Gabriela Marques Di Giulio ◽  
Tadeu Fabrício Malheiros

Cities play an essential role in the challenge of sustainability, and urban planning is one of the main tools for guiding urban transformation processes. This paper analyses the São Paulo Master Plan 2014, considering the principles and guidelines on compact cities, sustainable adaptation and ecosystem-based adaptation. An urban development model within sustainable parameters, however, involves conflict dynamics. In this sense, the views and demands of the main stakeholders seeking to influence the regulatory arena of São Paulo's urban policy are mapped. The analysis focuses on attempts to change the zoning law that would affect several of the definitions agreed in the Master Plan, prioritising mainly the interests of real estate developers.

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Peter Newman ◽  
Sebastian Davies-Slate ◽  
Daniel Conley ◽  
Karlson Hargroves ◽  
Mike Mouritz

The need for transit oriented development (TOD) around railway stations has been well accepted and continues to be needed in cities looking to regenerate both transit and urban development. Large parts of suburban areas remain without quality transit down main roads that are usually filled with traffic resulting in reduced urban value. The need to regenerate both the mobility and land development along such roads will likely be the next big agenda in transport and urban policy. This paper learns from century-old experiences in public–private approaches to railway-based urban development from around the world, along with innovative insights from the novel integration of historical perspectives, entrepreneurship theory and urban planning to create the notion of a “Transit Activated Corridor” (TAC). TACs prioritize fast transit and a string of station precincts along urban main roads. The core policy processes for a TAC are outlined with some early case studies. Five design principles for delivering a TAC are presented in this paper, three principles from entrepreneurship theory and two from urban planning. The potential for new mid-tier transit like trackless trams to enable TACs is used to illustrate how these design processes can be an effective approach for designing, financing and delivering a “Transit Activated Corridor”.


STORIA URBANA ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Ordasi

- Unlike other great cities of Europe, Budapest did not experience any significant urban development before the nineteenth century, especially before 1867, the year of the foundation of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. After that, the city became the second pole, after Vienna, of this important European state. The capital of the Kingdom of Hungary grew through the use of various types of urban architecture and especially through a "style" that was meant to express Hungarian national identity. Architects, engineers, and other professionals from Hungary and Austria contributed to this process of modernization as well as many foreigners from Germany, France and England. The city's master plan - modeled after Paris's - focused on the area crossed by the Viale Sugár [Boulevard of the Spoke] was set on the Parisian model and so covered only certain parts of the city. The Committee on Public Works (1870-1948) played a leading role in putting the plan approved in 1972 - into effect in all aspects of urban planning, architecture and infrastructure.


Author(s):  
Heloisa Soares de Moura Costa

Poucos conceitos têm sido tão amplamente utilizados como o de desenvolvimento sustentável, num aparente consenso revelador mais de imprecisão do que de clareza em torno de seu significado. Com base em uma revisão de abordagens recentes, argumenta-se que a noção de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável traz consigo conflitos teóricos de difícil, porém não impossível, reconciliação: a) entre as trajetórias da análise ambiental e da análise urbana que, originando-se em áreas do conhecimento diferentes, confluíram na proposta de desenvolvimento sustentável; b) entre formulações teóricas e propostas de intervenção, traduzindo-se no distanciamento entre análise social/urbana crítica e planejamento urbano. São examinadas propostas de planejamento que adotam o discurso e/ou pressupostos de sustentabilidade urbana, discutindo exemplos da literatura internacional — as cidades compactas européias, o movimento californiano por cidades sustentáveis — e, no caso brasileiro, a experiência recente de planejamento urbano em Belo Horizonte.Palavras-chave: planejamento urbano; desenvolvimento sustentável; meio ambiente; política urbana. Abstract: Few concepts have been so widely adopted as sustainable urban development, an apparent consensus revealing more imprecision than coherence of meaning. The paper discusses some aspects of such theoretical and conceptual fragility as a contribution to building an alternative for the future. The concept is considered to have been worn out by excessive fashionable repetition. The paper argues, however, based on a review of recent approaches ranging from political economy to the contributions of political ecology and post-structuralism, that the concept of sustainable urban development embodies conflicts that are difficult but not impossible to solve: a) the conflict between the different origins of and paths followed by environmental analysis and urban analysis, both converging on the proposition of sustainable development; b) the conflict between theory and practice represented by the growing distance between critical social/urban analysis and urban planning. Finally, some planning proposals are examined as examples of adoption of the discourse and assumptions of sustainable development. They are the European compact city proposal; the Californian sustainable cities movement; and, in the Brazilian case, the recent urban planning experience in Belo Horizonte.Keywords: urban planning; sustainable development; environment; urban policy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Alexander Dembich ◽  
Yulia Zakirova ◽  
Nataliia Orlova ◽  
Tansylu Khakimova

The purpose of the study is the definition of scientifically based principles of planning reorganization of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. The main results of the study are the development of a program of urban development of the city territory on the basis of the identified problems and limitations, the definition of key tasks in the spatial and territorial development of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. Significance of the results for architecture and urban planning consists in the fact that the methodological principles of the planning reorganization of the city as the basis for the development of the strategic master plan of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny are revealed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Große ◽  
Christian Fertner ◽  
Niels Boje Groth

Transforming energy use in cities to address the threats of climate change and resource scarcity is a major challenge in urban development. This study takes stock of the state of energy in urban policy and planning and reveals potentials of and constraints to energy-efficient urban development. The relationship between energy and urban structure provides a framework for discussing the role of urban planning to increase energy efficiency in cities by means of three in-depth case studies of medium-sized cities in Northern Europe: Eskilstuna in Sweden, Turku in Finland and Tartu in Estonia. In some ways these cities go ahead when it comes to their national climate and energy policies and aim to establish urban planning as an instrument to regulate and influence the city’s transition in a sustainable way. At the same time, the cities are constantly facing goal conflicts and limitations to their scope of action, which creates dilemmas in their strategic orientation and planning activities (e.g. regional enlargement and increased commuting vs. compact urban development). Finally, considering urban form and spatial structure along with the policy context as well as regional drivers and functional relations is suggested as a suitable approach for addressing the challenges of energy-efficient urban development.


Author(s):  
Yu. Stebletska

Considered the essence of the concept “master plan” of cities, its structure and role in urban development. Distinguished historical and urban planning stages of planning of spatial development of Kyiv. In detail analyzed master plans of Kyiv in every historical and urban planning stage. Determined the main characteristic features of master plans of Kyiv in every historical and urban planning stage. Explored changing of ideas about the “capital city”. Generalized the processes of spatial development of Kyiv. Determined the prevailing scheme of city planning embedded in the master plans in the context of historical and urban planning stages.


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Joabio Alekson Cortez Costa ◽  
Júlia Diniz de Oliveira ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Junior

RESUMO   No Brasil, verifica-se um crescimento populacional nas cidades, aumento da demanda por moradia, emprego, serviços de saúde, educação, saneamento básico e lazer. Dadas as limitações econômicas e a própria incapacidade das gestões municipais em lidar com essas questões, observa-se um agravamento dos problemas sociais e ambientais, com repercussões diretas na qualidade de vida da população, sobretudo, daquela parcela menos abastada. Diante disso, políticas urbanas foram adotadas pelo Estado brasileiro no intuito de orientar o desenvolvimento urbano do país. Sob este prima, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a efetividade do Estatuto da Cidade (2001). Para tanto, inicialmente, discute-se a produção do espaço urbano e os agentes de sua produção, tomando por base as obras de Carlos (2008, 2011) e Corrêa (1989, 2011), em seguida, aborda-se a trajetória da Política Urbana no Brasil, e a exposição de algumas críticas direcionadas ao Estatuto da Cidade e o plano diretor, tendo como referência os escritos de Souza (2010) e Maricato (2001). Ao final, conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços e inovações presentes na nova lei, principalmente no que se referem à gestão democrática da cidade, questões essenciais como a permanência da estrutura fundiária e o combate à especulação imobiliária continuam irresolutas e constituem entraves ao desenvolvimento urbano justo e igualitário.   Palavras-chave: Produção do espaço. Agentes de produção. Política urbana. Estatuto da cidade. Plano diretor.   ABSTRACT   In Brazil, it turns out a population growth in cities, increasing demand for housing, employment, health services, education, basic sanitation and leisure. Given the economic limitations and the municipal administrations own inability to deal with those issues, it’s observed an aggravation of social and environmental problems, with direct repercussions on the population’s life quality, especially of that less wealthy portion. Given that, urban policies were adopted by the Brazilian State in order to guide the country urban development. Under this concept, this article aims to present some reflections on the City Statute (2001) effectiveness. To do so, initially discusses the urban space production and the agents of its production, based on Carlos’ (2008, 2011) and Corrêa’s (1989, 2011) works, then it approaches the Brazil Urban Politics trajectory, and the exposition of some criticisms directed to the City Statute and the master plan, having as reference the writings of Souza (2010) and Maricato (2001). In the end, it is concluded that, despite the advances and innovations present in the new law, especially regarding the city democratic management, essential issues such as the land structure permanence and the fight against real estate speculation remain unresolved and constitute obstacles to the fair and equitable urban development.   Keywords: Space production. Production agents. Urban policy.  City statute. Master plan.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-475
Author(s):  
Angela Limongi Alvarenga Alves ◽  
Rafael Barreto Castelo da Cruz

ResumoO Plano Diretor Participativo é o principal instrumento de política urbana nos municípios brasileiros, razão pela qual deve contar com a participação social como orientadora para a arquitetura das respectivas políticas públicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento urbano. Os processos participativos devem permitir que todos os atores contribuam para a definição da pauta de prioridades e que as contribuições se tornem insumos para o planejamento. Na mesma senda, os Planos Diretores Participativos devem articular a influência docidadão na construção das cidades. Embora audiências públicas tenham sido realizadas, a análise de dados secundários inerentes à revisão do Plano Diretor Estratégico (PDE) do município de São Paulo nos anos de 2013 e 2014, revelou que esse processo foi composto de sucessivas esferas de consulta, meramente informativas. Através da utilização da metodologia da “Escada de Participação Popular”, proposta por Sherry Arnstein, verificou-se que a elaboração do PDE pode ser considerada “pseudoparticipativa”, evidenciando que o procedimento de ausculta social se deu muito mais para legitimar as decisões políticas acerca do PDE do que efetivamente para garantir a participação democrática no planejamento urbano. Apesar dos avanços, o processo ainda está aquém do almejado para uma participação plural e determinante na tomada de decisões em comunidades.Palavras-chave: Participação Social. Audiências Públicas. Planejamento Urbano. Plano Diretor. Município de São Paulo. AbstractThe Participatory Master Plan is the main instrument of urban policy in Brazilian municipalities, which is why it must count on social participation as a guide for the architecture of the respective public policies aimed at urban development. Participatory processes must allow all actors to contribute to the definition of the agenda of priorities and that contributions become inputs for planning. In the same vein, the Participative Master Plans must articulate the citizen's influence in the construction of cities. Although public hearings were held, the analysis of secondary data inherent to the review of the Strategic Master Plan (PDE) of the municipality of São Paulo in the years 2013 and 2014, revealed that this process was composed of successive spheres of consultation, merely informative. Through the use of the “Ladder of Popular Participation” methodology, proposed by Sherry Arnstein, it was verified that the elaboration of the PDE can be considered “pseudoparticipativa”, showing that the social auscultation procedure took place much more to legitimize the political decisions about the PDE than effectively to guarantee democratic participation in urban planning. Despite the advances, the process still lags behind the goal of plural and decisive participation in decision-making in communities.Keywords: Social Participation. Public Hearings. Urban planning. Master plan. Municipality of SãoPaulo.


Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1308-1320
Author(s):  
Svetlana А. Ershova ◽  
Svetlana А. Shishelova ◽  
Тamara N. Orlovskaya

Introduction. A discrepancy between legislative requirements for the compulsory recognition of economic factors in the process of drafting urban planning documents, on the one hand, and the unavailability of an approved implementation procedure, on the other hand, makes a substantial impact on decision making processes that deal with urban planning transformations. The unavailability of (a) unified approaches to the assessment of the economic efficiency of urban planning solutions, (b) an approved efficiency assessment procedure or (c) a database decelerates the process of making well-grounded urban development decisions. Therefore, development of a conceptual framework for the efficiency assessment in terms of integrated urban development actions and their implementation procedures is particularly relevant. The subject of this research consists in the study of the regulatory/methodological framework of urban development, and its mission is to analyze the main regulatory problems that accompany the efficiency assessment of urban development. Materials and methods. The co-authors employed a socio-spatial approach that takes account of objective and subjective factors of a high-quality urban environment at various stages of the urban planning documentation drafting process. Within the framework of this approach, methods of comparative/logical analysis were applied, expert evaluations were made, materials, developed by foreign and Russian scientists, Russian legislative acts, methodological documents were studied with regard to the evaluation of the urban development efficiency. Results. The co-authors identified gravest theoretical and methodological problems of urban transformation efficiency assessment. An assessment procedure was developed. The co-authors suggested organizing the urban transformation efficiency assessment in the course of drafting urban planning documentation. Principal efficiency assessment stages were identified, and the main objectives of each stage were formulated. Conclusions. The novelty and practical relevance of this research reside in the fact that the co-authors have identified problems of the legal framework of assessment procedures and suggested a sequential estimation of the economic efficiency of urban transformations so that each subject of urban planning activities followed a unified research-driven decision making procedure.


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