scholarly journals Educational systems of Eastern European countries as a subject of international comparative research

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (32) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Tetiana Dudka ◽  
Mykola Chumak ◽  
Nina Lytvynenko ◽  
Valentuna Benera ◽  
Tamara Serhiienko
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
The World ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The article analyzes the level of development of educational systems in Eastern European countries by using empirical data from international comparative studies. The tools of comparative analysis are used to group the studied publications, which directly or indirectly consider an educational system at the level of different countries and regions of the world. The newest western approaches to the issue of educational systems are represented. The unsurpassed value of multi-object international comparative research in the study of educational systems of the world enabling the analysis of the phenomenon at the interdisciplinary level is emphasized. The author's definition of “international comparative research” is formulated based on modern scientific studies, which is interpreted as a special type of research, which purpose is to conduct multilevel analysis to compare macro-objects, based on subjective empirical data. Emphasis is done on the lack of a unified terminological apparatus of the studied issue in modern science, which indicates the availability of the following definitive plurality: “comparative studies”, “international issues”, “cross-cultural studies”, and “international comparative studies”. The analysis of the level of development of educational systems of Eastern European countries is based on a comparison of official statistical materials of the World Bank. The processed statistical materials are correlated with the results of descriptive statistics during the testing of statistical hypotheses. Subject analysis of educational systems in Eastern Europe is based on a comparison of empirical data on three criteria – international educational projects, the highest educational results (“S.A.B.E.R”), and the amount of external funding for the educational branch.

A Mistrustful Society?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Nicole Horáková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The level of trust in politicians also in government institutions is taken as an indicator of the state of society in general. Various studies have shown that the population of the Central Eastern European countries, and especially the citizens of the Czech Republic, lack trust in state institutions and democratic structures. The trust of the Czech population in government institutions is, compared to other (Western) European countries, at a relatively low level. This article aims to discuss different factors that are currently influencing this lack of trust: the historical, cultural, and institutional. The empirical data for this article is based on the European Values Study and Czech surveys of public opinion concerning trust in government institutions.

scholarly journals Moderate Innovator Trap—Does the Convergence of Innovation Performance Occur in the World Economy?

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski ◽  
Jakub Rybacki
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Relative Gains

Based on β and σ convergence analysis, we find a high persistence of innovation gaps for international innovation indices reported by the European Commission. Our research confirms the diverging scientific potential across the analyzed economies. Estimation provides evidence of convergence in the case of R&D expenses and the relative position on the global technological frontier. We propose a simple fixed effect panel regression measuring relative innovativeness potential. Our model suggests that current ranking leaders, i.e., Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, and Finland) and Germany, are likely to further outpace the United States. Central and Eastern European countries are achieving the greatest relative gains but are unlikely to exceed 70% of US potential. Peripheral European countries, South Africa, Turkey, and Russia are projected to further lose their innovativeness position despite their weaker initial position.

scholarly journals Policy of multiculturalism: Protection or control of ethnic identities?

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-195
Author(s):  
Goran Basic
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multicultural Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Multicultural Policies ◽  
Different Parts

Policies of multiculturalism are not an inheritance of modern and liberal state, although it is often concluded in the public. Historical empires states of ?old? democracy, colonial and immigrant societies, as well as eastern European countries after the experiment with communism confronted with a problem of ?control? of multiculturalism. Models of the multicultural policy are numerous and dependable on political, social and cultural circumstances in different parts of the world, and often culturally similar states develop different multicultural policies. Historical and contemporary experiences related to the multicultural policies are discussed in the paper and the last part deals conditions in which contemporary Serbia responds on requirements and challenges of its own multiculturalism.

Welvaart en arbeidsmotivatie: een internationale vergelijking

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Wielers ◽  
Ferry Koster
Keyword(s):  
International Comparison ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Work Centrality ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
The World ◽  
International Comparative

Affluence and work motivation: an international comparison Affluence and work motivation: an international comparison New labour market policies in western countries aiming to extend work years and work hours per worker meet strong resistance. A prominent thesis in the literature is that the increase of affluence causes decline in work ethics; another thesis is that in affluent societies work motivation is less extrinsic and more intrinsic. In the article, we test these thesis in an international comparative research design. Using the World Values Survey 2000, we test whether and how GDP affects work ethics. The results of the tests show decreasing work centrality with increasing GDP, but not a significant change in work orientations. These results support the thesis of declining work ethics, and do not support the thesis of increasing intrinsic motivation.

Model of education in the sphere of tourism as an invariant set of organizational-pedagogical conditions and principles

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Сахарчук ◽  
Elena Sakharchuk
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Invariant Set ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Training Models ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Effective Models

System international educational comparative studies in the field of specialized tourism education, based on material from several countries, are not yet available. One of the reasons for this is the lack of scientific and methodological apparatus, the difficulties of the subject-object identification studies and the identification of the levels and comparison options. However, the rapidly growing global tourism presents quite effective innovative training models which would be particularly interesting in the present period, when the Russian education system in the field of tourism is in the process of change associated with the transition to the next generation standards, and search for the best forms and methods of organization of the pedagogical process in professional education. The relevance of comparative studies of the experience of foreign models of education in the field of tourism is determined by the following factors: the need of Russian pedagogics in the formulation of the theory of adequately solutions of problems of conceptual approaches and mechanisms to improve the structure and content of vocational education in order to adapt them to the needs of the developing field of domestic and international tourism; the lack of consistent industry international comparative research based on the study of different models of tourism training, allowing to identify the invariant set of organizational-pedagogical conditions of formation of the structure and the content of the most effective models of training for tourism; the lack of methodological basis of system industry international comparative research in the field of tourism. The article explains the structure of the model of education in the sphere of tourism as an invariant set of organizational-pedagogical conditions and principles.

Discrimination and Lawful Distinction in Employment – The Approach by the ILO

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Karl Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) is among the most widely ratified Conventions in the World. Its Article 1(2) stipulating that discrimination does not cover distinctions, exclusions or preferences based on the inherent requirements of a particular job has given rise to a number of problems relating to occupational bans restricting the access to employment of persons supporting certain political parties. Such bans are found in Germany and a number of Eastern European countries. Considering the recent development in national law and in the case law of the ILO supervisory bodies the article analyses the concept of ‘inherent requirements of a Particular job’ in Article 1(2).

scholarly journals Comprehensive research on LGBT legal policy in East Asia toward the formation of an international comparative research centre

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (8) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
The World ◽  
International Comparative

The legal and human rights of a LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) person has increased in countries around the world in recent years. For example, the UK Parliament passed the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act, which allowed same-sex marriage in England and Wales, in 2013 and it came into force the following year. There has also been a relaxation in the requirements for sex change. In the wake of such changes, international comparative studies and research has gained traction, with many academics establishing projects that seek to look at the differences in policies and rights for LGBT persons in different countries. However, much of the existing research is focused on Western legal policy and is generally centred on Europe and the US. Of course, this only accounts for a small proportion of the people in the world and so while such research is welcomed, knowledge gaps clearly still exist and more needs to be done to fill them. Associate Professor Hiroyuki Taniguchi, based at the Kanazawa University Institute of Liberal Arts and Science is working on a comparative study of LGBT legal policies in the countries of East Asia. He hopes to form an international comparative research centre that will help people access the information they need to understand their rights.

scholarly journals STRATEGY FOR MANAGING BANKING SYSTEMS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE COUNTRIES UNDER GLOBALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Vunjak ◽  
Milan Radaković ◽  
Miloš Dragosavac
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The financial crisis has adversely affected all the countries of the world in the conditions of globalization with different intensity, no matter if it is higher or lower level of development and different economic structures. In the context of globalization in the countries in transition, the banking system was reformed, thus creating a new financial market. The International Monetary Fund has taken an active part in the transition process of Eastern European countries by providing advice and approving financial arrangements. Developed countries of the world have implemented measures of non-standard monetary policy to overcome the global financial crisis. In some parts of Central and Eastern Europe, in addition to the general corporate identity (bank name, abbreviated name, trademark and slogan of the bank), the countries also applied qualitative features of the bank's corporate identity (image, reputation and goodwill). As they enter the 21st century, banks in developed countries are increasingly emphasizing the corporate culture and style of business of the bank. In the practice of banks, the following performances are most often present: financial, marketing, performance management, employee performance, business philosophy, reputation and the image of the bank. The banks' performance analysis included 13 Central and Eastern European countries divided into three groups. Performance over the period 2008-2018 is analyzed, related to: share of total assets in GDP, share of total loans in GDP, share of total deposit in GDP and level of capital adequacy of Central and Eastern European countries. The analysis shows that the central banks of the countries of Central Europe are dominant, and that in certain performances they are approached by the banks of the countries of Eastern Europe (members of the European Union and the Western Balkans).

Patoĉka's Interpretation of Comenius and Its Significance for Present-Day Pedagogics

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-631
Author(s):  
Klaus Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political System ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The ArgumentThe political changes in Czechoslovakia and in other Eastern European countries in 1989 are closely related to Jan Patoĉka's philosophy. He was one of the first speakers for the human rights manifesto “Charta 77” and died following his political interrogations in 1978. Vàclav Havel, the president of the ĉSFR, was one of his students. Patoĉka's philosophy is sketched here following his interpretation of Comenius, beginning with an early work of 1932 and until his interpretation of Comenius' The Paradise of the World and the Labyrinth of the Heart in his book Die Philosophic der Erziehung des J. A. Comenius (1970) (J. A. Comenius' Philosophy of Education).As a phenomenologist who transcends both Husserl and Heidegger, Patoĉka's conflict with the political system of his country was inevitable. The regime could not put up with his thesis on the “open soul” which, due to its existential openness, can hear the “call of conscience.” Behind this thesis stands Patocka's teaching of the three movements of existence. And out of this follows his “Education of the Turning.” Patoĉka's theory of education leads straight to some nondogmatic conceptions of education such as the “Communication Pedagogics” which dates back to the dialogical education of Martin Buber.

scholarly journals Comparison of R&D Expenditures in Selected Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Piekut
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Patent Activity ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This paper analyzes the level of innovation expenditures and R&D fund sources in selected countries of the world in the period of 2000 – 2010. The issues presented indicate significant differences between the discussed countries with respect to the factors analyzed. The European countries at the top were apparently Finland, Denmark and Sweden. High R&D expenditures, with a significant share in business enterprise sector, and a large number of patent applications reflected on the strong economic growth in these countries. The level of R&D investments in these countries was sometimes greater than in the USA or Japan. Dynamic growth in both R&D and patent activity has also been observed in South Korea. Special attention has been paid in this paper to the new European Union members – Central Eastern European Countries. Among this group of countries Slovenia definitely had the highest position, where R&D expenditures were the largest and the structure of R&D funds by source reflected a businessdominance type. Estonia, Czech Republic and Hungary were the countries ‘catching up’ – where growth in R&D expenditures has been observed as well as better dynamics of growth and higher patent activity. Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Latvia had relatively disadvantageous situations in respect of R&D development and the innovative activity of business enterprises.

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