scholarly journals Loneliness and Depression in College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Boredom and Repetitive Negative Thinking as Mediators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Hager ◽  
Matt R. Judah ◽  
Alicia L. Milam
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic triggered increased rates of depression, especially among college students. Due to social distancing guidelines, loneliness has been suspected as a prominent factor in depression during the pandemic. Research is needed to identify possible mechanisms through which loneliness conveys risk for pandemic-era depression. Two potential mechanisms are boredom and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This study examined cross-sectional associations between depression, loneliness, boredom, and RNT in a sample of college students (N =199) in April 2020 immediately following campus closure. Results showed a serial indirect effect of loneliness on depression through boredom then RNT. Moreover, specific indirect effects of loneliness on depression were found through boredom and RNT, individually. These data align with cognitive-behavioral theory and identify boredom and RNT as possible mechanisms of the association between loneliness and depression in college students. As such, boredom and RNT might be suitable treatment targets for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Depression in College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Boredom and Repetitive Negative Thinking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Hager ◽  
Matt R. Judah ◽  
Alicia L. Milam
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic triggered increased rates of depression, especially among college students. Due to social distancing guidelines, loneliness has been suspected as a prominent factor in depression during the pandemic. Research is needed to identify possible mechanisms through which loneliness conveys risk for pandemic-era depression. Two potential mechanisms are boredom and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This study examined cross-sectional associations between depression, loneliness, boredom, and RNT in a sample of college students (N =199) in April 2020 immediately following campus closure. Results showed a serial indirect effect of loneliness on depression through boredom then RNT. Moreover, specific indirect effects of loneliness on depression were found through boredom and RNT, individually. Though limited by the cross-sectional design, these data align with cognitive-behavioral theory and identify boredom and RNT as possible mechanisms of the association between loneliness and depression in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Are Different Forms of Repetitive Negative Thinking Associated With Interpretation Bias in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Krahé ◽  
Jessica Whyte ◽  
Livia Bridge ◽  
Sofia Loizou ◽  
Colette R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thought

Worry and rumination, two forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), are prevalent in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression. Cognitive processing biases, especially the tendency to draw negative conclusions from ambiguous information (interpretation bias), may maintain worry and rumination. Yet the relationship between interpretation bias and both forms of RNT has not been explored in clinical versus nonclinical samples. In this cross-sectional study, participants with GAD ( n = 72), depression ( n = 79), or neither disorder ( n = 71) completed two tasks assessing interpretation bias, measures of worry and rumination, and reported negative thought intrusions during a behavioral task. Interpretation bias was associated with higher levels of worry, rumination, and negative thought intrusions. Both clinical groups generated significantly more negative interpretations than healthy comparison participants. These findings link interpretation bias to worry and rumination and establish the need for research investigating the causal role of interpretation bias in maintaining RNT.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Slee ◽  
Ella Arensman ◽  
Nadia Garnefski ◽  
Philip Spinhoven
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Patients who engage in deliberate self-harm (DSH) form a heterogeneous population. There is a need for psychotherapeutic interventions that give therapists the flexibility to tailor the treatment plan to the needs of an individual patient. To detect essential ingredients for treatment, three different cognitive-behavioral theories of DSH will be reviewed: (1) the cognitive-behavioral theory of Linehan (1993a) , (2) the cognitive theory of Berk, Henriques, Warman, Brown, and Beck (2004) , and (3) the cognitive-behavioral theory of Rudd, Joiner, and Rajab (2001) . A review of these theories makes it possible to compare the different approaches to the essential aspects in the treatment of DSH: a trusting patient-therapist relationship, building emotion regulation skills, cognitive restructuring, and behavioral pattern breaking. An overview will be given of therapeutic techniques that can be used to address the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems associated with DSH.

Supervising Child Psychiatry Fellows in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Crucibles and Choices

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Pearl ◽  
Fauzia Mahr ◽  
Robert D. Friedberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Affective Arousal ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Child psychiatric fellows enter cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) training experiences with a wide variety of backgrounds and experiences in this area of treatment. Although some child fellows have fundamental knowledge of cognitive-behavioral theory, most struggle with the CBT model and even more so, subsequently using this model to guide treatment. Unlike supervising early career mental health professionals, child residents often possess a skill set apt for CBT including using a problem-oriented focus, a tendency to use structured methods in treatment, the use of psychoeducation, and basic clinical skills including genuineness, understanding, and empathy. On the other hand, child psychiatric fellows find several areas of CBT challenging because it is often vastly different from previous experience, including more frequent and longer sessions, the use of collaborative empiricism, developing case conceptualizations, and tolerating negative affective arousal. Moreover, training climates in psychiatry departments may shape the supervision experiences. Various specific recommendations are offered to manage these crucibles. Overall, although there are significant challenges when supervising child residents in CBT rotations, having knowledge of these crucibles and access to choices for addressing these supervisory tests enhances both supervisor and supervisee competence.

scholarly journals 0234 Sleep Timing and Duration Predict Levels of Repetitive Negative Thinking the Following Day

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A90-A90
Author(s):  
E Stewart ◽  
C Acenowr ◽  
M Coles
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Introduction Several forms of psychopathology characterized by repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are also associated with problems in sleep timing and sleep duration (Morin & Ware, 1996). These relations have been documented in cross-sectional studies but only a few studies have investigated this relation using a prospective design. This study aimed to: (1) replicate cross-sectional findings linking sleep duration and sleep timing to RNT and (2) use prospective longitudinal methods to extend previous research regarding this relation. Methods Participants (N = 127) were undergraduates who completed daily measures of sleep, mood, and RNT for 18 days. Participants mean age was 19.31(SD = 1.41) and 49% were male, and 60% were Caucasian. Measures included the Perseverative Thoughts Questionnaire, the Sleep-50, and a Daily Monitoring Questionnaire (DMQ) comprised of items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results Insomnia severity and circadian disruption severity was correlated with RNT, and these relations remained significant after statistically controlling for the influence of negative affect (Insomnia: r(123)=.22, p=.01; Circadian: r(123)=.21, p=.02). When looking longitudinally within person Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) revealed later bedtimes (t(125) = 2.01, p = .05) and shorter sleep durations (t(125) = -3.17, p = .002) were predictors of heightened RNT the next day, even after statistically controlling for negative affect (RNTij=π oj+π 1j(RNT_lag) + π 2j(bedtime_lag/hours slept_lag) + π 3j(mood_lag) + eij). RNT did not predict sleep variables when running the reverse of these models, yet negative affect emerged as a significant predictor of sleep timing (t(125) = 2.41, p = .02) and sleep duration (t(125)= -2.44, p=.02), indicating that mood, not RNT, may influence bedtimes and hours slept. Conclusion Results indicate that bedtime and sleep duration may be contributors to RNT, and that sleep disruptions may precede the onset of RNT. If future studies replicate the current study’s findings, then sleep variables may serve as an important area of intervention and prevention of excessive RNT. Support N/A

scholarly journals Repetitive Negative Thinking is associated with Subjective Cognitive Decline in older adults: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Schlosser ◽  
Harriet Demnitz-King ◽  
Tim Whitfield ◽  
Miranka Wirth ◽  
Natalie L. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Perceived Cognitive Function

Abstract Background: In the absence of a cure or effective treatment for dementia, attention has shifted towards identifying risk factors for prevention. Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) describes self-perceived worsening of cognition despite unimpaired performance on neuropsychological tests. SCD has been associated with an increased dementia risk and steeper memory decline. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process that manifests across several mental health disorders associated with increased vulnerability to dementia. RNT has thus been proposed as a candidate marker of risk for dementia and, relatedly, could contribute to the manifestation of SCD. We aimed to investigate the relationship between SCD and RNT alongside other proposed psychological risk/protective factors for dementia and cognitive decline. Methods: In a cross-sectional online survey, 491 older adults (mean=64.9 years, SD=4.2; 63.1% female) completed measures of RNT, personality traits, purpose in life, worry, rumination, and meditation practice. SCD was assessed continuously via self-perceived cognitive function (Neuro-QoL) and categorically via endorsement (yes/no) of memory complaints. Regression models, using a stepwise backwards elimination, were built to assess associations between SCD, demographics, and all risk/protective factors.Results: A total of 24.2% of participants reported memory complaints. In the final prediction models, RNT was the only psychological variable associated with lower self-perceived cognitive function and with a higher likelihood of memory complaints. Conclusions: This study empirically corroborates the theoretical relationship between SCD and RNT. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish whether RNT is a prodromal symptom or an independent risk factor, and whether RNT can be a promising construct for future research on SCD and dementia risk.

scholarly journals Repetitive negative thinking about suicide: Associations with lifetime suicide attempts

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Teismann ◽  
Thomas Forkmann ◽  
Johannes Michalak ◽  
Julia Brailovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Negative Thinking

Background Repetitive negative thinking has been identified as an important predictor of suicide ideation and suicidal behavior. Yet, only few studies have investigated the effect of suicide-specific rumination, i.e., repetitive thinking about death and/or suicide on suicide attempt history. On this background, the present study investigated, whether suicide-specific rumination differentiates between suicide attempters and suicide ideators, is predictive of suicide attempt history and mediates the association between suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Method A total of 257 participants with a history of suicide ideation (55.6% female; Age M = 30.56, Age SD = 11.23, range: 18–73 years) completed online measures on suicidality, general and suicide-specific rumination. Results Suicide-specific rumination differentiated suicide attempters from suicide ideators, predicted suicide attempt status (above age, gender, suicide ideation, general rumination) and fully mediated the association between suicide ideation and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion Overall, though limited by the use of a non-clinical sample and a cross-sectional study design, the present results suggest that suicide-specific rumination might be a factor of central relevance in understanding transitions to suicidal behavior.

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