scholarly journals Assessing the Sustainability Index of Part-Time and Full-time Hazelnut Farms in Giresun and Ordu Province, Turkey

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çağatay YILDIRIM ◽  
Hatice Türkten ◽  
İsmet BOZ
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Environmental Sustainability Index

Abstract The study's primary purposes were to assess the sustainability index of hazelnut farms and explore the effects of part-time and full-time farming types on sustainability index in hazelnut production in the Giresun and Ordu Province of Turkey. One hundred fifty-two hazelnut farms were selected using the stratified sampling method, and data were collected. Several steps were taken, including using factor analysis after standardizing the variables to determine their weights to calculate the composite hazelnut farms sustainability index. The research findings showed that overall hazelnut sustainability scores of farms varied from 0.28 to 0.59, and the average score was 0.44 at sampled farms. The composite hazelnut sustainability index was at an unsatisfactory level. The social and economic sustainability index value of farms was equal, and they were higher than the environmental index value. The values were 0.50 and 0.30, respectively. While the economic sustainability index score of full-time farms was higher than that of part-time farms, and part-time farms had higher environmental sustainability index scores than that of full-time farms. Social sustainability scores were not different in terms of farm type. It was recommended that when designing and regulation support policies, policy-makers should differentiate part-time and full-time hazelnut farming. Training and extension programs must be planned to increase the level of knowledge of every willing farmer. In addition, training and certification programs must be implemented to enhance the quality of the foreign labor force.

The Efficient and Viable Country-Oriented Attainment of Absolute Environmental Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-104
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tambouratzis ◽  
Nikos Hatziefthimiou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Evolution Strategy ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Environmental Sustainability Index ◽  
Country Specific

A country-oriented methodology for attaining absolute environmental sustainability (ES) is proposed and demonstrated on the environmental sustainability index (ESI) 2002. The optimal means of deriving the ES levels/scores of the participating countries from the various ESI 2002 constructs is established and, subsequently, encoded in a real-valued evolution strategy (EvS) for the viable and flexible country-specific ES improvement towards maximal ES. The EvS employs: (a) constraints concerning the number and combinations of constructs that can be concurrently improved; (b) limited and progressively decreasing construct improvements expressing the escalating difficulty of improving any construct as the construct and/or overall ES approach(es) maximum. Demonstrations on countries with diverse characteristics and comparisons with alternative optimization methodologies highlight the versatility and applicability of the proposed procedure to any country with data that is compatible to that of the participating countries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the intensity of environmental pressures from agriculture on groundwater in Slovenia

Dela ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Barbara Lampič ◽  
Andrejka Rutar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Using a composite environmental index, we assessed how environmentally sustainable agriculture is by examining water bodies of groundwater (WBG) in Slovenia. Apart from studying identifiable differences among 21 WBG, we also analysed and detailed the pressures of agricultural activities including by different types of aquifer porosity. We found that the most heavily burdened WBG have an intergranular type of porosity. From the standpoint of environmental sustainability agriculture is ill-suited on all five of the alluvial plains with intergranular aquifers in Slovenia. The lowest index was calculated in the area of the WBG in the Drava basin (-0.54), followed by the Mura (-0.34) and Sava basin together with the Ljubljana Marshes (-0.24). In order to better illustrate responsiveness, through analysis of spatial patterns of ecologically cultivated areas, we evaluated the distribution of the most sustainable agricultural practices and found that organic farming is more prevalent on water bodies with predominantly karst type of porosity (17.1% of organically cultivated agricultural land) and it occurs least on alluvial plains with intergranular aquifers (barely 3.7% of organically cultivated agricultural land). Calculations of the sustainability index of agriculture at the level of WBG proved to be very suitable approach for determining environmental sustainability.

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