scholarly journals HPV Vaccination: Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Serbia and in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Holger Stark ◽  
Aleksandra Živković
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Protection Efficacy ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Summary The identification of the high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) as a cause of cervical cancer offered the possibility for the development of a HPV vaccine. Twenty years after this identification of the HPV types, the first HPV vaccine came to the market. There are three HPV vaccines today on the market, all containing the virus-like particles (VLPs) of the HPV types 16 and 18, which are considered to cause 77 % of all cancers caused by HPVs. In addition, two of the vaccines contain two low-risk HPV types (6 and 11)-quadrivalent or the same as low-risk types and additional high-risk HPV types (31, 32, 45, 52, 58)-nonavalent vaccines. The cervical cancer protection efficacy of the vaccines is very high, around 100%. The VLPs of the 6- and 11-type offer efficient protection against genital warts. Unfortunately, the implementation of the vaccination is actually not so high despite all scientific and medical facts, but their rates in Europe are steadily increasing reaching about 90% in one country after another. In Serbia, all of the three vaccines are on the market but are highly underused. Actually, there is no national program and the Serbian vaccination rates are very low. High vaccination rates in Serbia need to be achieved as a goal of prevention of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Skin and Mucosal Human Papillomavirus Seroprevalence in Persons with Fanconi Anemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Katzenellenbogen ◽  
Joseph J. Carter ◽  
Joshua E. Stern ◽  
Melinda S. Butsch Kovacic ◽  
Parinda A. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Fanconi Anemia ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Luminex Assay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
And Behavior

ABSTRACTPersons with Fanconi anemia (FA) are at risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers; however, their natural HPV exposure and infection rates are unknown as is the adequacy with which they mount antibodies to HPV vaccination. This study aimed to determine, in 62 persons with FA, the seroprevalence of skin and mucosal HPV types, the seroprevalence in individuals self-reporting a history of HPV vaccination, and the factors associated with HPV seropositivity. A bead Luminex assay was used to determine seropositivity for HPV1, -2, and -4 (low-risk skin), -6 and -11 (low-risk mucosal, included in one HPV vaccine), -16 and -18 (high-risk mucosal, included in both HPV vaccines), and -52 and -58 (high-risk mucosal). Health- and behavior-related questionnaires were completed. Type-specific seroprevalence estimates and participant characteristics associated with seroprevalence were calculated; 48% reported HPV vaccination. Type-specific seropositivity in unvaccinated persons ranged from 7 to 21% for skin HPV types and 7 to 38% for mucosal HPV types. Among the unvaccinated participants, adults versus children demonstrated increased HPV1, -6, -16, and -58 seroprevalence of 45% versus 6%, 64% versus 22%, 64% versus 17%, and 36% versus 0%, respectively (allP< 0.05). The vaccinated participants versus the nonvaccinated participants demonstrated increased seroprevalence of HPV6, -11, -16, and -18 of 92% versus 38%, 92% versus 24%, 96% versus 34%, and 75% versus 7%, respectively (allP< 0.0001). Our data demonstrate that the unvaccinated participants had serologic evidence of prior skin and mucosal HPV infections and that seroprevalence increased among adults; in self-reported vaccinees, seroprevalence of HPV vaccine types was 75 to 96%.

scholarly journals High prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes other than 16 and 18 in cervical cancers of Curaçao: implications for choice of prophylactic HPV vaccine

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree J Hooi ◽  
Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte ◽  
Maurits N C de Koning ◽  
Herbert M Pinedo ◽  
Gemma G Kenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Dna Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
High Risk Hpv

BackgroundCuraçao is a Dutch-Caribbean Island located in a high-risk area for cervical cancer.Prior to introduction of a prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, knowledge of the prevalence of high-risk HPV vaccine genotypes (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58) in cervical (pre)cancer is required.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of HPV genotypes in invasive cervical cancers (ICC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1, 2 and 3 in Curaçao.MethodsParaffin-embedded blocks of 104 cervical cancers (89 squamous, 15 adenocarcinoma), 41 CIN3, 39 CIN2 and 40 CIN1 lesions were analysed for the presence of HPV. Sections were stained by H&E for histopathological evaluation, and DNA was extracted using proteinase K. HPV genotypes were detected using Short PCR Fragment (SPF10) PCR DNA enzyme immunoassay and a Line Probe Assay (LiPA25) .ResultsHPV was found in 92 (88.5%) ICC; 87 (94.6%) had a single HPV infection and 86 (93.5%) were high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-type positive.The three most common HPV types in ICC were 16 (38.5%), 18 (13.5%) and 45 (6.7%), covering 58.7%.HrHPV vaccine genotypes 16, 18, 31, 35, 45, 52 and 58 were responsible for 73.1% of ICC. For precancerous lesions, the HPV attribution was 85.4% for CIN3, 66.7% for CIN2% and 42.5% for CIN1.ConclusionsOur study, the largest in the Caribbean region in (pre)cancer, shows that the prevalence of HPV-type 16 and 18 in cervical cancer is lower compared with the world population but no differences in prevalence of these two HPV types are seen in precancerous lesions.When considering HPV vaccination in Curaçao, the relatively high contribution of non-HPV 16/18 genotypes in ICC should be taken into account.

APPLICATION OF REAL-TIME PRC TECHNIQUE AND REVERSE DOT-BLOT FOR DETECTION THE HIGH RISK TYPES OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS CAUSING CERVICAL CANCER

2017 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Van Bao Thang Phan ◽  
Hoang Bach Nguyen ◽  
Van Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Nhu Hoa Tran ◽  
Viet Quynh Tram Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
The Real ◽  
Dot Blot Assay ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Reverse Dot Blot

Introduction: Infection with HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. Determining HPV infection and the types of HPV plays an important role in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cervicitis/cervical cancer. Aims: Determining proportion of high-risk HPV types and the occurrence of coinfection with multiple HPV types. Methods: 177 women with cervicitis or abnormal Pap smear result were enrolled in the study. Performing the real-time PCR for detecting HPV and the reverse DOT-BLOT assay for determining type of HPV in cases of positive PCR. Results: 7 types of high-risk HPV was dectected, the majority of these types were HPV type 18 (74.6%) and HPV type 16 (37.6%); the proportion of infection with only one type of HPV was 30.4% and coinfection with multiple HPV types was higher (69.6%), the coinfected cases with 2 and 3 types were dominated (32.2% and 20.3%, respectively) and the coinfected cases with 4 and 5 types were rare. Conclusion: Use of the real-time PCR and reverse DOT-BLOT assay can determine the high-risk HPV types and the occurrence of coinfection with multiple HPV types. Key words: HPV type, Reverse DOT-BLOT, real-time PCR,PCR, cervical cancer

scholarly journals HPV ctDNA detection of high-risk HPV types during chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer

ESMO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 100154
Author(s):  
L. Cabel ◽  
C. Bonneau ◽  
A. Bernard-Tessier ◽  
D. Héquet ◽  
C. Tran-Perennou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Female with High-Risk Behaviour in Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Sultana ◽  
Mohsina Huq ◽  
Anadil Alam ◽  
Dipak Kumar Mitra ◽  
Donald James Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Risk Hpv

In developing countries, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer related to mortality in women. But the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) in different areas of Bangladesh is largely unknown both in risk groups and in the general population. The objective of the present study was to determine the risk factors associated with having HPV and the prevalence of high-risk HPV types among women with highrisk behaviour and to assess its potential impact on preventive strategies as the sex workers are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI), HPV and hence cervical cancer. Cervical swab from 293 sex workers in Dhaka City between August and September 2003 and between February 2005 and May 2006 were screened for HPV DNA using an HPV short fragment (E6) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay. HPV positive samples were genotyped with nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (NMPCR) for the highrisk types. The overall HPV prevalence in sex workers was 75.8%, whereas for the high risk type it was 49.8%. Prevalence of single genotype and multiple types of HPV was 33.1 and 16.7% respectively. The most prevalent high-risk HPV types, in order of prevalence rate, were HPV16, HPV18, HPV58, HPV45, HPV31 and HPV33. Both HPV 16 and HPV 18 were present in 21% of the cases. Targeting HPV 16 and 18 with prophylactic vaccines could possibly have an important impact on the incidence of invasive cervical carcinoma in this group of women. Primary prevention and cervical cancer screening programmes should be optimized more and run yearly among the general population. It is proposed to screen sex workers when they enter prostitution regardless of their age. Keywords: Human papillomavirus (HPV); High-risk HPV types; Cervical cancer; Sex workersDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4861 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 65-68

Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Epididymis and Ductus Deferens: An Evaluation by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Švec ◽  
Iva Mikyšková ◽  
Ondřej Hes ◽  
Ruth Tachezy
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Context.—Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play an important role in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The possible role of the male urogenital tract as a reservoir of HPV infection is not fully understood. We inferred from our previous observation of HPV-31 in epididymal tissue in a case of chronic epididymitis that HPV might be commonly present in cases of epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. Objective.—To assess the presence of HPV in the epididymis and ductus deferens in nontuberculous epididymitis. Design.—Epididymal samples obtained from 17 patients and epididymal and ductus deferens samples from 5 patients surgically treated for nontuberculous epididymitis were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV DNA. In positive samples, the HPV type was determined by DNA sequencing. Setting.—Tertiary-care academic hospital and national reference laboratory for papillomaviruses. Results.—Low-risk HPV type 6 and high-risk HPV types 16, 33, 35, 55, and 73 were detected in 7 patients (31%). Neither koilocytes nor dysplastic changes were found in the epididymis and ductus deferens. Conclusion.—Low-risk and high-risk HPV types were detected in the epididymis and ductus deferens of patients with nontuberculous epididymitis. The infection was not accompanied by koilocytic atypia or dysplasia. Our findings support the hypothesis that the male urogenital tract serves as a reservoir of HPV infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence and distribution of HPV types in genital warts in Xi’an, China: a prospective study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e023897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cansheng Zhu ◽  
Yaofei Wang ◽  
Weihua Mao ◽  
Hongshan Zhang ◽  
Jiaju Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Genital Wart ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Detectable Rate ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Type Infection

ObjectivesTo characterise the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in genital warts in Xi’an, China.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Skin Disease and STD Control (SPISSC) between September 2014 and April 2017. Genital wart samples were obtained from 879 patients, including 512 men and 367 women. HPV genotyping was performed by using an automatic nucleic acid hybridisation system.ResultsOf the 879 patients with genital warts, the detectable rates of low-risk, high-risk and total HPV types were 45.4%, 34.5% and 57.8%, respectively. The detectable rate of low-risk HPV types (45.4%) was significantly higher than that of high-risk HPV types (34.5%) (χ2=21.85, p<0.01). The detectable rate of low-risk HPV types of men (52.3%) was significantly higher than that of women (35.7%) (χ2=23.90, p<0.01). The detectable rates of one HPV type infection and two and three or more HPV type coinfections were 26.1%, 17.5% and 14.2%, respectively. HPV6 (24.9%), HPV11 (17.9%), HPV52 (9.9%) and HPV16 (7.3%) were the four most common HPV types.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that low-risk HPV types are major pathogens of genital warts, but high-risk HPV type infections and multiple HPV type coinfections are also common in genital warts. HPV6, 11, 52 and 16 are the four most common HPV types in genital wart in Xi’an, China.

scholarly journals Dynamics of High-Risk Nonvaccine Human Papillomavirus Types after Actual Vaccination Scheme

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Peralta ◽  
Cruz Vargas-De-León ◽  
Augusto Cabrera ◽  
Pedro Miramontes
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Vaccination Scheme ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
The Impact

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the main etiological factor in the developing of cervical cancer (CC). This finding has propitiated the development of vaccines that help to prevent the HPVs 16 and 18 infection. Both genotypes are associated with 70% of CC worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to determine the emergence of high-risk nonvaccine HPV after actual vaccination scheme to estimate the impact of the current HPV vaccines. A SIR-type model was used to study the HPV dynamics after vaccination. According to the results, our model indicates that the application of the vaccine reduces infection by target or vaccine genotypes as expected. However, numerical simulations of the model suggest the presence of the phenomenon called vaccine—induced pathogen strain replacement. Here, we report the following replacement mechanism: if the effectiveness of cross-protective immunity is not larger than the effectiveness of the vaccine, then the high-risk nonvaccine genotypes emerge. In this scenario, further studies of infection dispersion by HPV are necessary to ascertain the real impact of the current vaccines, primarily because of the different high-risk HPV types that are found in CC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the SureX HPV Genotyping Test for the Detection of High-Risk HPV in Cervical Cancer Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojun Wei ◽  
Ping Mei ◽  
Shengkai Huang ◽  
Xueting Yu ◽  
Tong Zhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade ◽  
Agreement Rate ◽  
Hpv Genotyping ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background: The SureX HPV genotyping test (SureX HPV test), which targets the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 genes was compared with the Cobas 4800 and Venus HPV tests for detecting 14 high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types in clinical referral and follow-up patients to evaluate its value for cervical cancer screening.Methods: Two different populations were enrolled in the study. The first population comprised 185 cases and was used for comparing the SureX HPV test (Health, China) with the Cobas 4800 test (Roche, USA). The second population comprised 290 cases and was used for comparing the SureX HPV test (Health, China) with the Venus HPV test (Zhijiang, China). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing was performed for further confirmation of discordant results.Results: In the first population, the overall agreement rate was 95.3% for 14 High-Risk HPV types. Eight discordant cases were confirmed by PCR sequencing, which showed that the agreement rates were 75.0% between the SureX HPV test and PCR sequencing and 25.0% between the Cobas 4800 test and PCR sequencing (P<0.01). In the second population, the overall agreement rate was 94.5%. Thirteen discordant cases were confirmed by PCR sequencing, which showed that the agreement rates were 76.9% between the SureX HPV test and PCR sequencing and 23.1% between the Venus HPV test and PCR sequencing (P<0.01). With cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+) as the reference standard, the sensitivity values of the SureX HPV test and the Venus HPV test were 93.5% and 92.0%, (P>0.05), while the specificity values were 43.3% and 46.7%, respectively (P>0.05).Conclusion: The SureX HPV test had good consistency with both the Cobas 4800 and Venus HPV tests for 14 HR-HPV types. In addition, it avoided some false negatives and false positives. Therefore, the SureX HPV test can be used for cervical cancer screening.

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