scholarly journals CREATION PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE BUILDING ON THE WORLD PRACTICE EXAMPLE

Author(s):  
V. Urenev ◽  
◽  
D. Bakhtin ◽  

In the last decade, including in relation to architecture, it is widely used the concept of "sustainability". This term correlates with the Sustainable Concep development), adopted by the UN as a strategic direction since the 1980s. The UN Commission on Environment and Development "Our Common Future" is sustainable development is defined as the way in which ―the needs of the present generation are met without limiting the ability of the next generation to meet its needs. " In the article, the authors consider the concept of sustainable architecture, which has been developing in recent years and offers solutions to urban planning and architecture through sustainable development in the field of construction and architecture. Technical opportunities for the development of architecture of the XXI century. are impressive in scale. At the same time, more and more architects have to take into account the significant impact that their projects have on the development of urban and natural environments. Urban architecture is still going by creating high-rise projects and compacting urban development. Modern metropolitan cities, being held hostage to the past path of their development and still little changed approaches to them buildings are gradually becoming a multi-factor problem, threatening the peace and security of residents. One of the ways to solve this problem is the concept of sustainable architecture that has emerged in the last decade. Its use by experts proves thatArchitecture of the XXI century. not only can maximize comfort and safety space for people, but also able to change the appearance of cities and improve their true state. Sustainable architecture allows you to create projects that meet the needs of people and at the same time, they not only take care of the conservation of natural resources, but also improve their condition environment. Well-known British architect N. Foster metaphorically defines the stand architecture as "a way to reach the maximum with minimal means". In the context of these processes, it must be acknowledged that architects can have a significant impact on restoration ecological balance and ensuring a high quality of life for people, creating architectural an environment that satisfies human needs while preserving or even improving the state of nature. Such an architectural environment is sustainable. It should be noted at the outset that the term in the scientific literature is clearly defined missing. This article aims to clarify the definition of sustainable architecture and to specify its basic principles in the analysis of both theoretical works and existing architectural solutions. Because sustainable architecture focuses primarily on technology characteristics of objects, their aesthetic expressiveness and style qualities become certain a problem that is not addressed in this text but is clearly understood by the authors. The term "sustainable architecture" has become widespread, leading to some leveling its value. The absence of clear boundaries in the definition may make it possible to overlook a sustainable architecture that in reality is only indirectly related to resilience. Not only consumers and users can be misled by this definition architectural objects, but investors and participants in the construction process. Along with the term "sustainable architecture" is often used by such concepts as "green architecture", "eco-sustainable construction", "ecological architecture", "low-cost architecture", "high technology architecture", "bioclimatic architecture", "Energy efficient and smart construction". All of these concepts are related in various ways to the technology of construction and operation of buildings, which aims to reduce consumption energy and material resources while maintaining or improving quality buildings and the comfort of their indoor environment. However, not all of them indicate qualitative, generic features of architecture as an aesthetic kind of project activity. The authors show the evolution in the field of construction from energy efficient architecture - to green architecture and further to sustainable architecture. Refine definitions of sustainable architecture, explore principles and criteria for evaluating sustainable architecture of public buildings and structures. The main purpose of the article is to find out the essence of the concept of sustainable architecture, its necessity and perspective in modern urban planning. To accomplish this, some problems need to be solved. Expand the concept of sustainable architecture, explore the principles and criteria for evaluating sustainable architecture, analyze the world experience of creating sustainable architecture in concrete examples, and show the prospects for the development and implementation of the concept of sustainable architecture in the world and in Ukraine. Sustainable architecture is a must for the functional (utility), technical (durability) and aesthetic (beauty) properties. The article provides examples of world-class sustainable architecture projects that create sustainable architectural environments and clearly demonstrate their superiority over traditional objects. The concept of sustainable architecture is very relevant for Ukraine.

Author(s):  
Akhmedov J.D. ◽  
◽  
Rakhmanov B.K. ◽  
Abdurahmonova M.Sh. ◽  
Aminova A.A. ◽  
...  

There are more and more examples of complex construction of local area and center structures based on traditional ideas in world urban planning. Research on the organization of local territories and centers around the world is based on the principles of sustainable development.


Author(s):  
Nam-Trung Nguyen ◽  
Yien-Chian Kwok ◽  
Hsih Yin Tan ◽  
Weng Kong Loke

Sustainable development is a process involving the society, the environment and the economy to meet human needs while preserving the environment. Sustainable development not only addresses the present needs but also the future needs of humanity. Lab on a chip technologies play an important role in this process. This paper reports examples of low-cost polymeric lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for sustainable development in food supply, namely the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the detection of insecticides in agriculture. As the first example, the paper presents a close-loop ferrofluid-driven LOC for rapid amplification and detection of GMOs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sample was contained in a circular closed microchannel and driven by magnetic force generated by an external magnet through a small oil-based ferrofluid plug. Successful amplification of genetically modified soya and maize were achieved in less than 13 minutes. The LOC provides a cost saving and less time-consuming way to conduct preliminary screening of GMOs. As the second example, the paper reports a LOC for detection of organophosphorus insecticides for occupational hygiene in agriculture. Nerve agent sarin diluted in water was used to test the device concept. The sample was tested for trace levels of regenerated sarin using immobilised cholinesterase on the chip. Activity of immobilised cholinesterase was monitored by enzyme-assisted reaction of a substrate and reaction of the end-product with a chromophore. Resultant changes in chromophore-induced absorbance were recorded on the. Loss of enzyme activity obtained prior and after passage of the treated blood sample, as shown by a decrease in recorded absorbance values, indicates the presence of either free or regenerated nerve agent in the sample.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Lida Hosseinzadeh

In the past architecture of Iran, traditional architects had been able to provide comfort for residents through the smart use of architectural materials and strategies. Soil architecture is the most original type of Iranian architecture and the use of soil with characteristics such as high thermal capacity and thermal latency is at the cutting edge of this field in energy consumption and the pursuit of sustainable architecture in the world. This type of architecture not merely in the form of constructing a building in a single ground, but it has been united proportional to the scale and location of the project on the ground and an indivisible part of it. The research method adopted in this paper is based on text studies and the use of visual documents in the context of library research and descriptive-analytical method. In this research, a comparative study of the principles of sustainability with the vernacular architecture of Iran and the sustainable elements, including Shaw Shawādān, sunken gardens and etc. have been addressed in traditional Iranian architecture. The results of these studies show that desirable solutions derived from this vernacular architecture for achieving sustainable architecture can be presented for reducing fossil fuels and as a result reducing contamination that plays a significant role in these issues and the issue of sustainable development.


2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Irina Bulakh ◽  
Margaryta Didichenko ◽  
Olena Kozakova ◽  
Olena Chala

The problems of necessity of sustainable and ecological approaches in architectural design of hospitals are raised in the research. The best international experience of designing and operating hospitals designed on the principles of sustainable development is considered. Examples and implementation examples of healthcare institutions integrating energy efficient technologies are analyzed and illustrated: natural ventilation, solar panels, rainwater collection, filtration and reuse of wastewater, greening of the roof and walls, sun protection, aerodynamic volumetric and spatial form. Studying and using the proven experience of the best examples of ecological hospital buildings, recognized and certified at the highest levels of the world institutions for the development of a sustainable future, will allow Ukraine to create the conditions for solving the crisis both in the sphere of health care and in the ecologically preserved environment of the country.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Karim Kesseiba

Green architecture is considered the contemporary architectural paradigm. Amid threats of the lack of non-renewable energy, the calls for environmental sustainability and sustainable development, being ‘green’ is becoming an aspiration as well as a threat for many architects. Architects to a wide extent are required to adopt one sort of being ‘green’ in their contemporary additions to the built environment. However, very limited differentiations are subjected to the difference between ‘sustainable architecture’, ‘environmentally-friendly architecture’, and ‘green architecture’. This is one side of the debate; however, the most important side is, whether this new trend in contemporary Egyptian architecture is a need, a movement, or merely a style. The other important query is whether ‘sustainable architecture’ is becoming a commodity to fulfill international claims regardless of how it is implemented. In order to answer those questions, the paper first presents the differences between notions of ‘green architecture’, ‘sustainable architecture’ and ‘environmentally-friendly architecture’ and based on literature review as well as observations from international precedents. Afterwards, those three notions are explored and analyzed in the Egyptian context to understand where precisely the claimed sustainable or environmentally friendly buildings in Egypt stand in relation to the outcomes of the literature review. Finally, the need for following those notions in Egypt are re-questioned, in order to explore whether the claims for sustainability are becoming a commodity, especially in the shadows of the misuse of previously discussed slogans.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Marwa Ahmed Soliman

Strategic urban planning plays a real and significant role in the development of urban areas around the world. It helps mitigate the loss of lands and especially divert urban growth away from “agriculture lands”. It provides for improved and equal urban services and utilities as well as enhances local economics, livability and sustainability. This paper explores the importance of strategic planning and its role in sustainable development in addition to the importance of its implementation process. Case studies in Egypt are presented through a questionnaire with the local government with a group of 19 cities. We find that there are many problems associated with the implementation process, which have prevented the conversion of these plans into a reality. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the concept of strategic planning and its process and to explain how Egypt is dealing with it. Secondly, this research aims to suggest a new implementation system that can solve the main implementation system’s problems in Egypt. In conclusion, the paper identifies, through statistics, the perspectives of local government staff in Egypt about the preparation and implementation of the strategic plans, including proposed solutions and the opportunity of community participation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 07012
Author(s):  
Lukman Eka Prasaja ◽  
Hadiyanto

Eco-Efficiency emerged in the 1990s as a measure of "the efficiency that ecological sources use to meet human needs." As a tool in economic and environmental integration, Eco-efficiency needs to be promoted further so that regulation in government and industrial management can include it as an important instrument. This paper provides several approaches that can help various industries to develop effective eco-efficiency principles. The approach used is to maximize the role of the Steering Committee of the company's internal environment. Utilization of natural resources such as water, forests, mines and energy needs need to be balanced with Eco-Efficiency so that natural exploitation can be well controlled so that sustainable development aspired by the world can be realized.


Author(s):  
Atharv Kapoor ◽  
Cheshte Varshney

Plastics are extensively used due to their versatility, durability, and low cost. PET stands for Polyethylene terephthalate. PET plastic is widely used all over the world and has many applications ranging from water bottles to fabrics like polyester and many things in between. But its unrestrained use in every field is resulting in heaps and piles of non-biodegradable materials causing damage to the environment and causing pollution. The idea being proposed is to degrade the PET plastic biologically using different bacteria. The bacteria used in this process are Ideonella sakaiensis, Acetobacterium woodii, Pelotomaculum and Methanospirillum hungatei. PET plastic is degraded, yielding Terephthalic Acid (TPA) and Ethylene Glycol (EG) by the action of the bacterium I. sakaiensis. Degradation of EG by A. woodii results in the formation of acetate and ethanol. TPA is degraded by the action of the coculture of Pelotomaculum and M. hungatei thereby yielding methane and acetate. All these products formed have significant commercial uses in various industries. The complete process that is to be carried out can help in achieving sustainability by fulfilling various Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Kieu-Vinh Nguyen-Thi ◽  
Thuy-Huong Doan-Thi

Research on green infrastructure has become a mainstream of managers, planners and architects around the world given its utmost impacts on human life and nature. Green infrastructure protection and development in urban management, planning, design and construction represents an important task to ensure sustainable development. This article presents some suggestions for urban planning approach to green infrastructure, contributing to the protection and development of this system.


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