scholarly journals MiRNAs as Anti-Angiogenic Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer: Synopsis and Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnaz Lahooti ◽  
Sagun Poudel ◽  
Constantinos M. Mikelis ◽  
George Mattheolabakis
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Outgrowth ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

Angiogenesis is a key mechanism for tumor growth and metastasis and has been a therapeutic target for anti-cancer treatments. Intensive vascular growth is concomitant with the rapidly proliferating tumor cell population and tumor outgrowth. Current angiogenesis inhibitors targeting either one or a few pro-angiogenic factors or a range of downstream signaling molecules provide clinical benefit, but not without significant side effects. miRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and their dysregulation has been associated with tumor progression, metastasis, resistance, and the promotion of tumor-induced angiogenesis. In this mini-review, we provide a brief overview of the current anti-angiogenic approaches, their molecular targets, and side effects, as well as discuss existing literature on the role of miRNAs in angiogenesis. As we highlight specific miRNAs, based on their activity on endothelial or cancer cells, we discuss their potential for anti-angiogenic targeting in cancer as adjuvant therapy and the importance of angiogenesis being evaluated in such combinatorial approaches.

scholarly journals Radiotherapy and Management in Maxillofacial Prosthodontic : Part 1- Before Radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijdane El Hawari
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
Maxillofacial Prosthesis ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

Anti-cancer treatments (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) lead to numerous sequelae and side effects, unpleasant or even disabling in the oral cavity. In the absence of appropriate dental care, the consequences can be highly detrimental.The side effects of radiotherapy, the loss of substances following often associated surgical interventions and the unfavorable context of these patients require rational planning and consultation approved by the various practionners.The management of patients before, during and after these anticancer treatments by the specialist in maxillofacial prosthesis is important, in fact the objectives outlined to be achieved in terms of the management of PMF are: restoration of orofacial functions, participation in the proper conduct of anticancer treatment, palliation of its complications and psychological support for these patients.The aim of this article is to review the various complications of radiotherapy, as well as the protocols and recommendations for the management of patients before radiotherapy and to highlight the role of the specialist in maxillofacial prosthodontics in this management.

scholarly journals A systems biology model of junctional localization and downstream signaling of the Ang–Tie signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Christopher D. Kontos ◽  
Brian H. Annex ◽  
Aleksander S. Popel
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Agonistic Activity ◽  
Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms

AbstractThe Ang–Tie signaling pathway is an important vascular signaling pathway regulating vascular growth and stability. Dysregulation in the pathway is associated with vascular dysfunction and numerous diseases that involve abnormal vascular permeability and endothelial cell inflammation. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the Ang–Tie pathway has been limited due to the complex reaction network formed by the ligands, receptors, and molecular regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we developed a mechanistic computational model of the Ang–Tie signaling pathway validated against experimental data. The model captures and reproduces the experimentally observed junctional localization and downstream signaling of the Ang–Tie signaling axis, as well as the time-dependent role of receptor Tie1. The model predicts that Tie1 modulates Tie2’s response to the context-dependent agonist Ang2 by junctional interactions. Furthermore, modulation of Tie1’s junctional localization, inhibition of Tie2 extracellular domain cleavage, and inhibition of VE-PTP are identified as potential molecular strategies for potentiating Ang2’s agonistic activity and rescuing Tie2 signaling in inflammatory endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Bcl-2 Inhibition to Overcome Resistance to Chemo- and Immunotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilina García-Aranda ◽  
Elisabet Pérez-Ruiz ◽  
Maximino Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Apoptosis Resistance ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The identification of novel targets for cancer treatment is an area of intense work that has led Bcl-2 over-expression to be proposed as one of the hallmarks of cancer and Bcl-2 inhibition as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the different pathways related to programmed cell death, the role of Bcl-2 family members in apoptosis resistance to anti-cancer treatments, and the potential utility of Bcl-2 inhibitors to overcome resistance to chemo- and immunotherapy.

scholarly journals The New Direction of Senolytic Drug Research Should Be on Cancer Prevention, Adjuvant Therapies in Cancer and Healthy Aging in Cancer Survivors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Tanriverdi ◽  
Ummuhani Ozel Turkcu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
General Information ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer

Abstract In cases where cellular senescence does not function properly, the use of drugs called senolytics in the prevention of chronic aging-related disorders such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases has become a very interesting topic. There are studies showing that senolytic drugs can be used for the purpose of preventing cancer, preventing recurrence in individuals diagnosed with cancer, and delaying multimorbidity situations that may develop as long-term side effects of anti-cancer treatments. This article has been prepared with the aim of reminding general information about senolytic drugs and cellular senescence due to the fact that there are many controversial researches in the field of oncology in the future

scholarly journals The New Direction of Senolytic Drug Research Should Be on Cancer Prevention, Adjuvant Therapies in Cancer and Healthy Senescence in Cancer Survivors (Senolytics and Cancer)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Tanriverdi ◽  
Ummuhani Ozel Turkcu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
General Information ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer

Abstract In cases where cellular senescence does not function properly, the use of drugs called senolytics in the prevention of chronic aging-related disorders such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases has become a very interesting topic. There are studies showing that senolytic drugs can be used for the purpose of preventing cancer, preventing recurrence in individuals diagnosed with cancer, and delaying multimorbidity situations that may develop as long-term side effects of anti-cancer treatments. This article has been prepared with the aim of reminding general information about senolytic drugs and cellular senescence due to the fact that there are many controversial researches in the field of oncology in the future

scholarly journals ERK: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. ERK-Dependent Apoptosis as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2509
Author(s):  
Reiko Sugiura ◽  
Ryosuke Satoh ◽  
Teruaki Takasaki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Dual Specificity Phosphatases

The RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes as exemplified by cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Activation of ERK1/2 generally promotes cell proliferation, and its deregulated activity is a hallmark of many cancers. Therefore, components and regulators of the ERK pathway are considered potential therapeutic targets for cancer, and inhibitors of this pathway, including some MEK and BRAF inhibitors, are already being used in the clinic. Notably, ERK1/2 kinases also have pro-apoptotic functions under certain conditions and enhanced ERK1/2 signaling can cause tumor cell death. Although the repertoire of the compounds which mediate ERK activation and apoptosis is expanding, and various anti-cancer compounds induce ERK activation while exerting their anti-proliferative effects, the mechanisms underlying ERK1/2-mediated cell death are still vague. Recent studies highlight the importance of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) in determining the pro- versus anti-apoptotic function of ERK in cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent major findings in understanding the role of ERK in apoptosis, focusing on the major compounds mediating ERK-dependent apoptosis. Studies that further define the molecular targets of these compounds relevant to cell death will be essential to harnessing these compounds for developing effective cancer treatments.

scholarly journals Endothelial YAP/TAZ Signaling in Angiogenesis and Tumor Vasculature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aukie Hooglugt ◽  
Miesje M. van der Stoel ◽  
Reinier A. Boon ◽  
Stephan Huveneers
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Tumor Cell Growth ◽  
Vascular Normalization ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Endothelium

Solid tumors are dependent on vascularization for their growth. The hypoxic, stiff, and pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment induces angiogenesis, giving rise to an immature, proliferative, and permeable vasculature. The tumor vessels promote tumor metastasis and complicate delivery of anti-cancer therapies. In many types of tumors, YAP/TAZ activation is correlated with increased levels of angiogenesis. In addition, endothelial YAP/TAZ activation is important for the formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels during development. Oncogenic activation of YAP/TAZ in tumor cell growth and invasion has been studied in great detail, however the role of YAP/TAZ within the tumor endothelium remains insufficiently understood, which complicates therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting YAP/TAZ in cancer. Here, we overview the upstream signals from the tumor microenvironment that control endothelial YAP/TAZ activation and explore the role of their downstream targets in driving tumor angiogenesis. We further discuss the potential for anti-cancer treatments and vascular normalization strategies to improve tumor therapies.

Gastrin, Nitric Oxide Synthase and their Role in Ulceration and Distention of Stomach after Cisplatin and Taxol Treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Surinder K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Severe Nausea ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Head Neck

Cisplatin, a potent broad spectrum anti-cancer agent, has been proven effective in the treatment of different kinds of cancer, such as bladder, lung, ovarian, head, neck, etc.. Drawbacks of this chemotherapeutic drug are its toxic side-effects, which include severe nausea, vomiting, stomach distention and peptic ulcer.Taxol is another effective chemotherapeutic agent which is usually used in conjection with cisplatin. It has demonstrated impressive activity in breast, ovarian, lung, and head and neck cancers. The toxic side-effects include nausea, vomiting, nephrotoxicity. The mechanism of these gastrointestinal side-effects are still unclear. Because of the role of NOS and gastrin on stomach smooth muscle contractility and gastroprotection, these were studied in the rats after cisplatin and taxol administration.Wistar rats(100-150 g) were injected with cisplatin(9 mg/kg) and taxol(20 mg/kg) in five divided dosages over a period of 5 days. Rats were killed one day after the last injection. Rat stomach tissues were fixed in Bouin’s solution and processed for light microscopy.

scholarly journals Immune Response Role of Angiogenesis Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
John Nemunaitis ◽  
Monika Devanaboyina ◽  
Nealie Ngo ◽  
Rakan Albalawy ◽  
Louis Filipiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Suppression ◽  
Dendric Cells ◽  
Anticancer Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth. Established vasculature provides a supply of nutrients and other necessary survival factors for tumor cell maintenance. In addition, immune factors with capacity to both decrease immune activity leading to cancer suppression and to increase anticancer response are provided via VEGF stimulated angiogenesis. However, VEGF provides more than angiogenesis stimulation; it is itself a growth factor with activity to also decrease the stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells involved in anti-cancer mechanisms. As such inhibition of VEGF provides immune therapeutic advantage. This was well demonstrated by IFN-ɣ ELISPOT assay in which T lymphocytes antitumor response was measured against multiple myeloma cells following exposure to myeloma lysate-loaded dendric cells. Block of VEGF lead to enhanced T lymphocyte anticancer immune response. Through stimulation of the immune system angiogenesis inhibitors can work in conjunction with immunotherapy, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Recent clinical trials in advanced renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and hepatocellular carcinoma have evidenced improved outcomes due to an immune enhancing effect with angiogenesis inhibition and in particular immune checkpoint blockade treatment.

scholarly journals Contrast effects of autophagy in the treatment of bladder cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 153537022095933
Author(s):  
Ece Konac ◽  
Yener Kurman ◽  
Sümer Baltaci
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Anti Cancer

Bladder cancer is a disease that negatively affects patients’ quality of life, but treatment options have remained unchanged for a long time. Although promising results have been achieved with current bladder cancer treatments, cancer recurrence, progression, and therapy resistance are the most severe problems preventing the efficiency of bladder cancer treatments. Autophagy refers to an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process in which proteins, damaged organelles, and cytoplasmic components are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. Autophagy regulates the therapeutic response to the chemotherapy drugs, thus determining the effect of therapy on cancer cells. Autophagy is a stress-induced cell survival mechanism and its excessive stimulation can cause resistance of tumor cells to therapeutic agents. Depending on the conditions, an increase in autophagy may cause treatment resistance or autophagic cell death, and it is related to important anti-cancer mechanisms, such as apoptosis. Therefore, understanding the roles of autophagy under different conditions is important for designing effective anti-cancer agents. The dual role of autophagy in cancer has attracted considerable attention in respect of bladder cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the basic characteristics of autophagy, including its mechanisms, regulation, and functions, and we present examples from current studies concerning the dual role of autophagy in bladder cancer progression and therapy. Impact statement Autophagy acts as an intracellular recycling system. Infection and mitochondrial damage, maintaining cellular homeostasis, orchestrating nutrient stress, hypoxia, and oxidative stress are some of the physiological roles associated with autophagy. Autophagy has also context-dependent roles in cancer. Autophagy has a significant impact on tumor initiation and promotion, with both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting roles. Unfortunately, conventional systemic chemotherapy for cancer therapy has been reported to have primary limitations such as chemo-resistance of targeted cells. The cytoprotective role of autophagy has been postulated as one of the causes of this resistance. Hence, combination therapy using autophagy inhibitors has recently started to emerge as a noteworthy strategy in the treatment of cancer. Therefore, targeting the autophagy pathways may be a potential therapeutic strategy for addressing cancer progression or therapy resistance in the near future. This review will provide a novel insight to understanding the paradoxical roles of autophagy in tumor suppression and tumor promotion.

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