scholarly journals Comparing Assessment Methods of Attribute Importance in Teachers’ Decisions: The Importance of Different Criteria for Tracking Recommendations after Primary School

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Katrin Lintorf ◽  
Stefanie van Ophuysen ◽  
Igor Osipov

The importance of different criteria for tracking recommendations is usually inferred using regression weights as a cross-student measure. The few studies that have applied alternative approaches or differentiated between student groups sometimes reach different conclusions. According to research on judgment and decision making (JDM), different methods operationalize different facets of importance. Given this, we investigate whether the importance of criteria for tracking recommendations depends on a direct vs. indirect operationalization (regression weights vs. ratings). A total of 181 teachers selected four students from their most recent fourth-grade class using a 2 × 2 design (certain vs. uncertain qualification for the Realschule (vocational track) vs. the Gymnasium (academic track)). Then, they reported on the level and the importance of predetermined criteria for each student. Contrary to JDM research, we found few method-related differences, but striking differences between cases with a certain vs. an uncertain qualification. For the latter, the importance of the criteria is more homogeneous, the regression prediction is less successful and the importance varies with the dependent variable in the regression (actual recommendation vs. perceived qualification). We conclude that further research should focus on uncertain cases rather than method-related differences and suspect that, in uncertain cases, the formation of the recommendation is a multistage decision process.

1972 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyman E. Ostlund ◽  
Kjell M. Halvorsen

Trade between the U.S.S.R. and the United States may increase sharply in the next decade. Therefore, U.S. companies must understand Russian decision-making policies on trade to participate fully in the substantial trade expansion anticipated. The authors examine the formal and informal trade decision-making structure in the U.S.S.R. and offer alternative approaches to trade negotiations with the Russians.


2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj K. Shah ◽  
Daniel M. Oppenheimer

Recent work on judgment and decision making has focused on how people preferentially use cues, or pieces of relevant information, that are easy to access when making decisions. In this article, we discuss a framework for understanding the ways that cues become accessible. We begin by identifying two components of cues and show how these components can become accessible during different parts a decision process. We highlight evidence for the use of accessible information and discuss implications for future research on heuristics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Ferenc János Szabó

In a previous paper the new EBSYQ (Evolutionary Based SYstem for Qualification and Evaluation of Group Achievements) system has been proposed for teachers and juries, helping them in making accurate and objective ranking. The analysis of the behaviour of the special characteristic sigmoid functions of the groups gives the possibility to discover some interesting points of view for qualifying the achievement and the standard of the groups (subgroups of talented and under- motivated students, spectrum of the group, eigenvalues, Lorentz function). This paper shows a case study of an international project of student groups competition in the field of product design, with Finnish and Hungarian students. Comparison of the decision process of the jury without using the EBSYQ system and with the application of the system shows the efficiency of the qualification system in realizing a well-founded and careful ranking of the groups, even in case of very close competition. Each point of view of the decision-making system is evaluated by numbers, which can increase the objectivity and accuracy of the decision.


Author(s):  
Mary E Marshall

This study examines the effect of the reviewer role on tax professionals' advocacy bias. Prior research establishes the prevalence of advocacy bias and focuses on whether reviewers can detect preparers' advocacy bias; however, this study examines whether the reviewer role influences tax professionals' judgment and decision-making processes. In an experiment randomly assigning 75 tax professionals to the reviewer and preparer roles, I find professionals who occupy the reviewer role report similar advocacy attitudes to preparers but are significantly less likely to exhibit advocacy bias than preparers. Reviewers also employ a more consistent decision process than those in a preparer role. Results highlight the reviewer role as a moderator of advocacy bias, demonstrating the importance of the reviewer role for firms and clients. Understanding the effects of review responsibilities on professionals at all levels is increasingly important as firms leverage emerging technology to complete tasks traditionally assigned to less experienced professionals.


Author(s):  
Jonathan Baron

The field of judgment and decision-making is characterized by three types of “models”: normative, prescriptive, and descriptive. Normative models provide standards for evaluation of judgments and decisions. Descriptive models are psychological accounts of how people either conform or depart from these models systematically (i.e., have biases). Prescriptive models suggest ways of helping people come closer to the normative models. This chapter reviews the main categories of descriptive models, including the major categories heuristics, such as the ideas of isolation effect, attribute substitution, and two-systems theory. It also discusses alternative approaches such as naive theories. It also describes a general approach to prescription, the idea of actively open-minded thinking, which can reduce some of the biases.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Karen Sheldon

A small university with limited staff and resources created a workflow to help streamline decision making during renewal of subject databases. A literature review of common assessment methods found cost per use, content overlap analysis, and relevance to the curriculum to be the most common metrics. However, each individually provided an incomplete portrait of usage. A flowchart documented the decision process and incorporated multiple metrics. Implementing this workflow reduced the library’s materials budget by 3% for the following fiscal year. This process may be implemented at other libraries to lower overall budget spending, while still providing content aligned with the local curriculum.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document