scholarly journals The Main Anthocyanin Monomer from Lycium ruthenicum Murray Fruit Mediates Obesity via Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Improving the Intestinal Barrier

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Peiyun Liu ◽  
Wangting Zhou ◽  
Weiqi Xu ◽  
Yujia Peng ◽  
Yamei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lycium Ruthenicum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Anthocyanins have been shown to exert certain antiobesity properties, but the specific relationship between anthocyanin-induced beneficial effects and the gut microbiota remains unclear. Petunidin-3-O-[rhamnopyranosyl-(trans-p-coumaroyl)]-5-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside) (P3G) is the main anthocyanin monomer from the fruit of Lycium ruthenicum Murray. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the antiobesity and remodeling effects of P3G on gut microbiota through a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model and a fecal microbiota transplantation experiment. P3G was found to reduce body weight gain, fat accumulation, and liver steatosis in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, supplementation with P3G alleviated the HFD-induced imbalance in gut microbiota composition, and transferring the P3G-regulated gut microbiota to recipient mice provided comparable protection against obesity. This is the first time evidence is provided that P3G has an antiobesity effect by changing the intestinal microbiota. Our present data highlight a link between P3G intervention and enhancement in gut barrier integrity. This may be a promising option for obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Insights into the Impact of Microbiota in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Prognosis and Diagnosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Jerónimo Aragón-Vela ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver illness associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A more severe type of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered an ongoing global health threat and dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated that liver steatosis is associated with the elevation of certain clinical and biochemical markers but with low predictive potential. In addition, current imaging methods are inaccurate and inadequate for quantification of liver steatosis and do not distinguish clearly between the microvesicular and the macrovesicular types. On the other hand, an unhealthy status usually presents an altered gut microbiota, associated with the loss of its functions. Indeed, NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defense and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH. In the present review, we aim to: (a) summarize studies on both human and animals addressed to determine the impact of alterations in gut microbiota in NASH; (b) evaluate the potential role of such alterations as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of this disorder; and (c) discuss the involvement of microbiota in the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH (i.e., bariatric surgery, physical exercise and lifestyle, diet, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation).

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Controls Murine Chronic Intestinal Inflammation by Modulating Immune Cell Functions and Gut Microbiota Composition

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Burrello ◽  
Maria Rita Giuffrè ◽  
Angeli Dominique Macandog ◽  
Angelica Diaz-Basabe ◽  
Fulvia Milena Cribiù ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Different gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), have been linked to alterations of the gut microbiota composition, namely dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered an encouraging therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis patients, mostly as a consequence of normobiosis restoration. We recently showed that therapeutic effects of FMT during acute experimental colitis are linked to functional modulation of the mucosal immune system and of the gut microbiota composition. Here we analysed the effects of therapeutic FMT administration during chronic experimental colitis, a condition more similar to that of IBD patients, on immune-mediated mucosal inflammatory pathways. Mucus and feces from normobiotic donors were orally administered to mice with established chronic Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Immunophenotypes and functions of infiltrating colonic immune cells were evaluated by cytofluorimetric analysis. Compositional differences in the intestinal microbiome were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Therapeutic FMT in mice undergoing chronic intestinal inflammation was capable to decrease colonic inflammation by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins. Innate and adaptive mucosal immune cells manifested a reduced pro-inflammatory profile in FMT-treated mice. Finally, restoration of a normobiotic core ecology contributed to the resolution of inflammation. Thus, FMT is capable of controlling chronic intestinal experimental colitis by inducing a concerted activation of anti-inflammatory immune pathways, mechanistically supporting the positive results of FMT treatment reported in ulcerative colitis patients.

scholarly journals Xiao-Qing-Long Tang Prevents Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy, Fibrosis, and the Development of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Faction in Rats by Modulating the Composition of the Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Feng Zhou ◽  
Yue-Hua Jiang ◽  
Du-Fang Ma ◽  
Yong-Cheng Wang ◽  
Jin-Long Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background. Changes in the gut microbiota are associated with cardiovascular disease progression. Xiao-Qing-Long Tang (XQLT), a traditional herbal formula, has an anti-inflammatory effect and regulates the steady state of the immune system, which is also associated with the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection faction (HFpEF). In this study, we investigated whether XQLT could contribute to prevent the development of HFpEF and whether the modulation of the gut microbiota by this herbal formula could be involved in such effect. Methods. The gut microbiota, SCFAs, the histology/function of the heart, and systolic blood pressure were examined to evaluate the effect of XQLT on the gut microbiota and the progression of HFpEF after oral administration of XQLT to model rats. Furthermore, we evaluated, through fecal microbiota transplantation experiments, whether the favorable effects of XQLT could be mediated by the gut microbiota. Results. Oral administration of XQLT contributed to the reduction of elevated blood pressure, inflammation, and compensatory hypertrophy, features that are associated with the progression of HFpEF. The gut microbiota composition, SCFA levels, and intestinal mucosal histology were improved after treatment with XQLT. Moreover, fecal transfer from XQLT-treated rats was sufficient to prevent the progression of HFpEF. Conclusions. These data suggested that XQLT prevented the development of HFpEF in model rats by regulating the composition of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Introduction of Colonic and Fecal Microbiota From an Adult Pig Differently Affects the Growth, Gut Health, Intestinal Microbiota and Blood Metabolome of Newborn Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renli Qi ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Qiu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Functional Bacteria

Microbiota transplantation is a rapid and effective method for changing and reshaping the intestinal microbiota and metabolic profile in humans and animals. This study compared the different influences of the introduction of fecal microbes and colonic microbes from a fat, adult pig in newborn pigs. Both colonic microbiota transplantation (CMT) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) promoted growth and improved gut functions in suckling pigs up to weaning. FMT was more beneficial for body weight gain and body fat deposition in piglets, while CMT was more beneficial for intestinal health and mucosal immunity. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that both CMT and FMT significantly increased the abundances of beneficial or functional bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Prevotella_2 genera, in the piglets, and reduced the abundances of harmful bacteria, such as Escherichia–Shigella. Blood metabolome analysis showed that transplantation, especially FMT, enhanced lipid metabolism in piglets. In addition, while CMT also changed amino acid metabolism and increased anti-inflammatory metabolites such as 3-indoleacetic acid and 3-indolepropionic acid in piglets, FMT did not. Of note, FMT damaged the intestinal barrier of piglets to a certain extent and increased the levels of inflammatory factors in the blood that are potentially harmful to the health of pigs. Taken together, these results suggested that intestinal and fecal microbiota transplantations elicited similar but different physiological effects on young animals, so the application of microbiota transplantation in animal production requires the careful selection and evaluation of source bacteria.

scholarly journals Intestinal Inflammation in Children with Cystic Fibrosis Is Associated with Crohn’s-Like Microbiota Disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Enaud ◽  
Katarzyna B. Hooks ◽  
Aurélien Barre ◽  
Thomas Barnetche ◽  
Christophe Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic genetic disease that leads to pulmonary and digestive disorders. In the majority of CF patients, the intestine is the site of chronic inflammation and microbiota disturbances. The link between gut inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis is still poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to assess gut microbiota composition in CF children depending on their intestinal inflammation. We collected fecal samples from 20 children with CF. Fecal calprotectin levels were measured and fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. We observed intestinal inflammation was associated with microbiota disturbances characterized mainly by increased abundances of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella dispar, along with decreased abundances of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Those changes exhibited similarities with that of Crohn’s disease (CD), as evidenced by the elevated CD Microbial-Dysbiosis index that we applied for the first time in CF. Furthermore, the significant over-representation of Streptococcus in children with intestinal inflammation appears to be specific to CF and raises the issue of gut–lung axis involvement. Taken together, our results provide new arguments to link gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation in CF and suggest the key role of the gut–lung axis in the CF evolution.

Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 984-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Okubo ◽  
Yusuke Nakatsu ◽  
Akifumi Kushiyama ◽  
Takeshi Yamamotoya ◽  
Yasuka Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Gut microbiota play a vital role not only in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also in homeostatic maintenance of host immunity, metabolism and the gut barrier. Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Objective and Method: In this review, we discuss the association between the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the contribution of relevant modulating interventions, focusing on recent human studies. Results: Several studies have identified potential causal associations between gut microbiota and metabolic disorders, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The effects of modulating interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other new treatment possibilities on these metabolic disorders have also been reported. Conclusion: A growing body of evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota in the development of dysbiosis, which in turn influences host metabolism and disease phenotypes. Further studies are required to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which gut microbiota-derived mediators induce metabolic disorders and modulating interventions exert their beneficial effects in humans. The gut microbiota represents a novel potential therapeutic target for a range of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with HBV Infection or Other Chronic Liver Diseases: Update on Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Mattia Paratore ◽  
Francesco Santopaolo ◽  
Giovanni Cammarota ◽  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Liver disease and gut dysbiosis are strictly associated, and the pathophysiology of this bidirectional relationship has recently been the subject of several investigations. Growing evidence highlights the link between gut microbiota composition, impairment of the gut-liver axis, and the development or progression of liver disease. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota to maintain homeostasis of the gut-liver axis could represent a potential instrument to halt liver damage, modify the course of liver disease, and improve clinical outcomes. Among all the methods available to achieve this purpose, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one of the most promising, being able to directly reshape the recipient’s gut microbial communities. In this review, we report the main characteristics of gut dysbiosis and its pathogenetic consequences in cirrhotic patients, discussing the emerging data on the application of FMT for liver disease in different clinical settings.

scholarly journals Fluoride Induced Leaky Gut and Bloom of Erysipelatoclostridium Ramosum Mediate the Exacerbation of Obesity in High-Fat-Diet Fed Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijie Chen ◽  
Yujia Peng ◽  
Yujie Huang ◽  
Minhao Xie ◽  
Zhuqing Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Abstract Background: Fluoride, a necessary mineral element for our health, is widely presented in drinking water and foods. The intake of excessive fluoride showed potential risk to human health. A strong relation between fluoride exposure and obesity has been reported. However, the knowledge on the potential mechanisms on fluoride-induced obesity is still limited.Results: In this work, we showed here that fluoride alone did not induce obesity in normal diet fed mice, whereas, it could trigger exacerbation of obesity in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Fluoride impaired intestinal barrier and activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling to induce obesity, which was further verified in TLR4-/- mice. Furthermore, fluoride could deteriorate the gut microbiota in HFD mice. The fecal microbiota transplantation from fluoride-induced mice was sufficient to induce obesity, while the exacerbation of obesity by fluoride was blocked upon gut microbiota depletion. The fluoride-induced bloom of Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum belonged to Erysipelotrichaceae was responsible for exacerbation of obesity. In addition, a potential strategy for prevention of fluoride-induced obesity was proposed by intervention with polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea.Conclusions: Overall, these results provide the first evidence of a comprehensive cross-talk mechanism between fluoride and obesity in HFD fed mice, which is mediated by gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. E. ramosum was identified as a crucial mediator of fluoride induced obesity, which could be explored as potential target for prevention and treatment of obesity with exciting translational value.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancer and Gut Microbiome-Related Aspects: A Comprehensive Review and Dietary Recommendations

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4425
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kamil Sobocki ◽  
Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka ◽  
Marcin Folwarski ◽  
Viktoria Hawryłkowicz ◽  
Wojciech Makarewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the human body providing many beneficial effects on the host. However, its dysbiotic alterations may affect the tumorigenic pathway and then trigger the development of pancreatic cancer. This dysbiosis can also modulate the aggressiveness of the tumor, influencing the microenvironment. Because pancreatic cancer is still one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with surgery as the only method that influences prognosis and has curative potential, there is a need to search for other strategies which will enhance the efficiency of standard therapy and improve patients’ quality of life. The administration of prebiotics, probiotics, next-generation probiotics (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila), synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation through multiple mechanisms affects the composition of the gut microbiota and may restore its balance. Despite limited data, some studies indicate that the aforementioned methods may allow to achieve better effect of pancreatic cancer treatment and improve therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer patients.

scholarly journals Gut-testis axis: microbiota-(n-3) PUFA improving semen quality in type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Yanan Hao ◽  
Yanni Feng ◽  
Xiaowei Yan ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Alginate Oligosaccharide

Gut dysbiosis and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are closely related, and gut dysbiosis and male infertility are correlated, too. Moreover, most male T1D patients are of active reproductive age. Therefore, it is crucial to explore possible means for improving their semen quality. Here, we found that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) improved gut microbiota (A10-FMT) significantly decreased blood glucose and glycogen, and increased semen quality in streptozotocin-induced T1D subjects. A10-FMT improved T1D-disturbed gut microbiota, especially the increase in small intestinal lactobacillus, and blood and testicular metabolome to produce n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to ameliorate spermatogenesis and semen quality. Moreover, A10-FMT can improve spleen and liver function to strengthen the systemic environment for sperm development. FMT from gut microbiota of control animals (Con-FMT) produced some beneficial effects; however, to a smaller extent. Thus, AOS improved gut microbiota may be a useful protocol for improving semen quality and male fertility in T1D patients.

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