scholarly journals Understanding the Spectrum of Anxiety Responses to Climate Change: A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Literature

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Catriona Soutar ◽  
Anne P. F. Wand
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Background: Knowledge about climate change may produce anxiety, but the concept of climate change anxiety is poorly understood. The primary aim of this study was to systematically review the qualitative literature regarding the scope of anxiety responses to climate change. The secondary aim was to investigate the sociodemographic and geographical factors which influence experiences of climate change anxiety. Methods: A systematic review of empirical qualitative studies was undertaken, examining the scope of climate change anxiety by searching five databases. Studies were critically appraised for quality. Content analysis was used to identify themes. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The content analysis was organised into two overarching themes. The scope of anxiety included worry about threats to livelihood, worry for future generations, worry about apocalyptic futures, anxiety at the lack of response to climate change, and competing worries. Themes pertaining to responses to climate change anxiety included symptoms of anxiety, feeling helpless and disempowered, and ways of managing climate change anxiety. Relatively few studies were identified, with limited geographical diversity amongst the populations studied. Conclusions: The review furthers understanding of the concept of climate change anxiety and responses to it, highlighting the need for high-quality psychiatric research exploring its clinical significance and potential interventions.

scholarly journals From journal to headline: the accuracy of climate science news in Danish high quality newspapers

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. A03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunver Lystbæk Vestergård
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Science News ◽  
Preliminary Study

A significant number of mass media news stories on climate change quote scientific publications. However, the journalistic process of popularizing scientific research regarding climate change has been profoundly criticized for being manipulative and inaccurate. This preliminary study used content analysis to examine the accuracy of Danish high quality newspapers in quoting scientific publications from 1997 to 2009. Out of 88 articles, 46 contained inaccuracies though the majority was found to be insignificant and random. The study concludes that Danish broadsheet newspapers are ‘moderately inaccurate’ in quoting science publications but are not deliberately hyping scientific claims. However, the study also shows that 11% contained confusion of source, meaning that statements originating from press material or other news outlets were incorrectly credited to scientific peer-reviewed publications.

scholarly journals The Facilitators, Obstacles and Needs of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions Accessing Further and Higher Education: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Toor ◽  
Terry Hanley ◽  
Judith Hebron
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
College And University ◽  
University Life ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Many young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) intend to go to college and/or university, yet research suggests that these individuals find aspects of college and university life challenging. To explore the views of individuals directly affected by these challenges, a systematic review of the existing qualitative literature in this area was conducted. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of these articles identified six superordinate themes: the involvement of professionals; academic, environmental, and social factors; wellbeing; communication; and understanding. The facilitators, obstacles and needs of students pervaded these themes and are discussed alongside implications for counsellors and psychologists working in schools.

Framing the Global Youth Climate Movement: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Greta Thunberg’s Moral, Hopeful, and Motivational Framing on Instagram

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110556
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Molder ◽  
Alexandra Lakind ◽  
Zoe E. Clemmons ◽  
Kaiping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Emotional Appeal ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Climate change is a critical global problem that requires immediate action to mitigate its effects. In recent years, youth climate activists have mobilized worldwide protests to demand action, using social media platforms to communicate and broadcast their message. This study examines Greta Thunberg's rise to global prominence through an analysis of her first year and a half of Instagram posts from June 2018 to January 2020, including visual and textual elements. First, we explore how climate change is communicated on social media by youth activists, and then examine these concepts through the unique case of Thunberg’s Instagram. Then, through qualitative content analysis, this study elucidates her communication strategy by applying the concept of framing to unpack how she frames climate change as a moral and ethical issue, uses an emotional appeal of hope, and visually frames motivational collective action to mobilize her audience. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings to explore the complexities of communicating climate change through social media and how Thunberg's activism on Instagram may provide an example for future generations.

scholarly journals Dialysis and plasmapheresis for schizophrenia: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Cox ◽  
Katie F. M. Marwick ◽  
Robert W. Hunter ◽  
Josef Priller ◽  
Stephen M. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Double Blinded

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that circulating factors and immune dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In particular, proinflammatory cytokines, complement and autoantibodies against CNS epitopes have recently been associated with psychosis. Related concepts in previous decades led to several clinical trials of dialysis and plasmapheresis as treatments for schizophrenia. These trials may have relevance for the current understanding of schizophrenia. We aimed to identify whether dialysis or plasmapheresis are beneficial interventions in schizophrenia. We conducted a systematic search in major electronic databases for high-quality studies (double-blinded randomised trials with sham controls) applying either haemodialysis or plasmapheresis as an intervention in patients with schizophrenia, published in English from the start of records until September 2018. We found nine studies meeting inclusion criteria, reporting on 105 patients in total who received either sham or active intervention. One out of eight studies reported a beneficial effect of haemodialysis on schizophrenia, one a detrimental effect and six no effect. The sole trial of plasmapheresis found it to be ineffective. Adverse events were reported in 23% of patients. Studies were at unclear or high risk of bias. It is unlikely that haemodialysis is a beneficial treatment in schizophrenia, although the studies were of small size and could not consider potential subgroups. Plasmapheresis was only addressed by one study and warrants further exploration as a treatment modality in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A systematic review of head-up tilt to improve consciousness in people with a prolonged disorder of consciousness

2020 ◽  
pp. 026921552094669
Author(s):  
Harriet Ng ◽  
Andrew King
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Head Up Tilt

Objective: This systematic review analysed the evidence for the effect of head-up tilt (passive-standing) on consciousness among persons in prolonged disorders of consciousness. Data sources: Articles were identified through primary database searching (Medline, CINAHL, AMED, The Cochrane Library) and post-citation searching (Scopus). Review methods: This review followed the PRISMA statement. The search strategy was created to find articles that combined any conceivable passive standing device, any measure of consciousness and disorders of consciousness of any origin. Inclusion criteria were any papers that evaluated the use of head-up tilt in adults in defined disorders of consciousness. Exclusion criteria included active stand studies, paediatric studies and animal studies. The search was completed independently by two researchers. Data collection and risk of bias assessment was completed using the Downs and Black tool. Results: 6867 titles were retrieved (last search completed 21/6/20). Ten papers met the inclusion criteria: five examined the effects of a single head-up tilt treatment, and five the effects of head-up tilt regimes. Eighty-seven participants were randomised in three randomised controlled trials. In the remaining preliminary studies or case series, 233 participants were analysed. Quality was low, with only two high-quality studies available. Four studies were suitable for effect size analysis, where medium to large effect sizes were found. The two high-quality studies found head-up tilt had a large effect on consciousness. Conclusion: Overall there is some evidence that repeated passive standing on a tilt-table can improve consciousness, but the relevant studies provoke further questions.

Understanding “Place” in Social Marketing

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Edgar ◽  
Marian Huhman ◽  
Gregory A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Information Delivery ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Social

Critiques of the social marketing literature have suggested the place strategy is a key component within the 4 Ps of the marketing mix that simultaneously has been misunderstood and underutilized. This study sought to conduct a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to better understand how place has been conceptualized and operationalized over multiple decades. Application of inclusion criteria resulted in a sample of 84 articles published from 1988 to 2015 representing work in 20 different countries in North America, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania. Content analysis showed that almost half (46.4%) of the descriptions of place strategies operationalized the component by including at least one element of placing messages within communication channels or information delivery such as print, interpersonal, traditional broadcast, or digital. The heavy emphasis on communication channels and information delivery contrasts sharply with definitions of place that thought leaders have offered historically. Results revealed that authors from the United States especially have a tendency to operationalize place as message placement. Discussion speculates on why conceptualization and operationalization have diverged and considers the implications for clarity within the field of social marketing as a whole.

scholarly journals Influence of Climatic Factors on Human Hantavirus Infections in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Kirk Osmond Douglas ◽  
Karl Payne ◽  
Gilberto Sabino-Santos ◽  
John Agard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Caribbean

Background: With the current climate change crisis and its influence on infectious disease transmission there is an increased desire to understand its impact on infectious diseases globally. Hantaviruses are found worldwide, causing infectious diseases such as haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS)/hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in tropical regions such as Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). These regions are inherently vulnerable to climate change impacts, infectious disease outbreaks and natural disasters. Hantaviruses are zoonotic viruses present in multiple rodent hosts resident in Neotropical ecosystems within LAC and are involved in hantavirus transmission. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to assess the association of climatic factors with human hantavirus infections in the LAC region. Literature searches were conducted on MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for published studies according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. The inclusion criteria included at least eight human hantavirus cases, at least one climatic factor and study from > 1 LAC geographical location. Results: In total, 383 papers were identified within the search criteria, but 13 studies met the inclusion criteria ranging from Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Bolivia and Panama in Latin America and a single study from Barbados in the Caribbean. Multiple mathematical models were utilized in the selected studies with varying power to generate robust risk and case estimates of human hantavirus infections linked to climatic factors. Strong evidence of hantavirus disease association with precipitation and habitat type factors were observed, but mixed evidence was observed for temperature and humidity. Conclusions: The interaction of climate and hantavirus diseases in LAC is likely complex due to the unknown identity of all vertebrate host reservoirs, circulation of multiple hantavirus strains, agricultural practices, climatic changes and challenged public health systems. There is an increasing need for more detailed systematic research on the influence of climate and other co-related social, abiotic, and biotic factors on infectious diseases in LAC to understand the complexity of vector-borne disease transmission in the Neotropics.

scholarly journals Pharmacological interventions for improving cannabis use and psychosis in dual diagnosis: a systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S290-S290
Author(s):  
Arundeep Singh Bharj ◽  
Katy Jones ◽  
Musa Sami
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current Evidence Base

AimsMany patients with psychosis symptoms and schizophrenia use cannabis as a recreational drug. Patients who use cannabis respond differently to antipsychotic treatment compared to those who do not. Despite this, there is a lack of evidence, and therefore clinical guidance, pertaining to the best pharmacological treatment to improve psychosis or cannabis use in this population. This systematic review was carried out to assess the current evidence base regarding the most effective pharmacological treatment for patients with psychosis who also have a background of using cannabis. Our specific question was: ‘in patients with a dual diagnosis of psychosis and cannabis use, which pharmacological interventions have the most efficacy in improving psychosis or reducing cannabis use?’.MethodA search of EMBASE, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE(R) databases was carried out on September 30, 2020. Bibliographies of other studies were also searched for relevant articles. After exclusion of any articles which did not meet inclusion criteria for this review, eleven full texts remained; a qualitative analysis was carried out on these, but there was no meta-analysis. Only randomised control trials (RCTs) whose interventions and controls were pharmacological therapies, and which included patients with a background of cannabis use and psychosis, and which measured clinical outcomes, were included.ResultWe found 11 articles which analysed 10 RCT studies (n = 363) investigating risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, haloperidol, ziprasidone and imipramine. 6/11 were double blind. The studies were small in size, varied in their methodology, exact inclusion criteria, exact outcomes, and all had a high risk of bias. Few significant findings were found. There is limited evidence for clozapine having anti-craving effect however whether this is associated with reduction in use remains to be demonstrated. We found no studies of adjunctive anticonvulsant agents, which are often used in psychotic disorders.ConclusionThis review underlines the paucity of studies on which to make evidence-based decisions. No new studies have been undertaken since the last systematic review in this area in the last 7 years. Due to the lack of high-quality evidence found by this review, there remains a considerable need for interventional, high-quality RCTs in this comorbid patient group.

scholarly journals Effects of cervical headgear appliance: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Pinelli Henriques ◽  
Guilherme Janson ◽  
Jose Fernando Castanha Henriques ◽  
Daniela Cubas Pupulim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Clear Description

OBJECTIVE: Although much has been investigated about the effects of cervical headgear, there remains some controversy. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to disclose the actual effects of the cervical headgear appliance, based on articles of relevant quality.METHODS: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Inclusion criteria consisted of human studies written in English; published between 1970 and 2014; in which only the cervical headgear was used to correct Class II malocclusion; prospective or retrospective; with a clear description of cervical headgear effects; with a sample size of at least 15 individuals. No comparative studies, clinical cases or cases with dental extractions were included and the sample should be homogeneous.RESULTS: Initially, 267 articles were found. A total of 42 articles were selected by title and had their abstracts read. Finally, 12 articles were classified as with high quality and were used in this systematic review.CONCLUSIONS: The cervical headgear appliance proved efficient to correct Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. Its effects consisted in correction of the maxillomandibular relationship by restriction of maxillary anterior displacement; distalization and extrusion of maxillary molars; and slight maxillary expansion.

scholarly journals Barriers to Trauma Care in South and Central America: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Kinder ◽  
Sarah Mehmood ◽  
Harry Hodgson ◽  
Peter Giannoudis ◽  
Anthony Howard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
South America ◽  
Trauma Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Ovid Medline

Abstract Introduction Trauma is widespread in Central and South America and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Providing high quality emergency trauma care is of great importance. Understanding the barriers to care is challenging; this systematic review aims to establish current the current challenges and barriers in providing high-quality trauma care within the 21 countries in the region. Methods OVID Medline, Embase, EBM reviews and Global Health databases were systematically searched in October 2020. Records were screened by two independent researchers. Data were extracted according to a predetermined proforma. Studies of any type, published in the preceding decade were included, excluding grey literature and non-English records. Trauma was defined as blunt or penetrating injury from an external force. Studies were individually critically appraised and assessed for bias using the RTI item bank. Results 57 records met the inclusion criteria. 20 countries were covered at least once. Nine key barriers were identified: training (37/57), resources and equipment (33/57), protocols (29/57), staffing (17/57), transport and logistics (16/57), finance (15/57), socio-cultural (13/57), capacity (9/57), public education (4/57). Conclusion Nine key barriers negatively impact on the provision of high-quality trauma care and highlight potential areas for improving care in Central & South America. Many countries in the region, along with rural areas, are under-represented by the current literature and future research is urgently required to assess barriers to trauma management in these countries. No funding was received. Clinical Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020220380.

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