Novel Findings regarding the Bioactivity of the Natural Blue Pigment Genipin in Human Diseases

Genipin is an important monoterpene iridoid compound isolated from Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis fruits and from Genipa americana fruits, or genipap. It is a precursor of a blue pigment which may be attractive alternative to existing food dyes and it possesses various potential therapeutic properties such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activity. Biomedical studies also show that genipin may act as a neuroprotective drug. This review describes new aspects of the bioactivity of genipin against various diseases, as well as its toxicity and industrial applications, and presents its potential mechanism of action.

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Nitrogen Mustards as Alkylating Agents: A Review on Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Current USFDA Status of Drugs

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520619666190305141458 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 1080-1102 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ghansham S. More ◽

Asha B. Thomas ◽

Sohan S. Chitlange ◽

Rabindra K. Nanda ◽

Rahul L. Gajbhiye

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Nitrogen Mustard ◽

Alkylating Agents ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Nitrogen Mustards ◽

Information Leaflets ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Approved Drugs

Background & Objective: :Nitrogen mustard derivatives form one of the major classes of anti-cancer agents in USFDA approved drugs list. These are polyfunctional alkylating agents which are distinguished by a unique mechanism of adduct formation with DNA involving cross-linking between guanine N-7 of one strand of DNA with the other. The generated cross-linking is irreversible and leads to cell apoptosis. Hence it is of great interest to explore this class of anticancer alkylating agents.Methods::An exhaustive list of reviews, research articles, patents, books, patient information leaflets, and orange book is presented and the contents related to nitrogen mustard anti-cancer agents have been reviewed. Attempts are made to present synthesis schemes in a simplified manner. The mechanism of action of the drugs and their side effects are also systematically elaborated.Results::This review provides a platform for understanding all aspects of such drugs right from synthesis to their mechanism of action and side effects, and lists USFDA approved ANDA players among alkylating anticancer agents in the current market.Conclusion: :Perusing this article, generic scientists will be able to access literature information in this domain easily to gain insight into the nitrogen mustard alkylating agents for further ANDA development. It will help the scientific and research community to continue their pursuit for the design of newer and novel heterocyclic alkylating agents of this class in the coming future.

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The anatomy of Trans-Obturator Posterior Anal Sling (TOPAS) and dynamics of potential mechanism of action

Techniques in Coloproctology ◽

10.1007/s10151-019-02042-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 675-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Alshiek ◽

P. Rosenblatt ◽

S. A. Shobeiri

Keyword(s):

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Potential Mechanism

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Potential mechanism of cholagogic effect about Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis (Zhizi)-mediated increase of bile acids urinary excretion in normal rats

Chinese Herbal Medicines ◽

10.1016/j.chmed.2018.08.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 431-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fan Zhang ◽

Yu-hui Wei ◽

Ying-ting Duan ◽

Yan-shu Zhao ◽

Li-li Xi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Potential Mechanism ◽

Gardenia Jasminoides ◽

Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis

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Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Therapeutic Human Lactoferrin Fragments

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.779018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Pan ◽

Zhao Liu ◽

Yijie Wang ◽

Linshen Zhang ◽

Niying Chua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Medical Regimen ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Oxidative Effects

Chronic inflammation is considered a pressing health issue that needs resolving. Inflammatory disease such as inflammatory bowel disease requires a long-term medical regimen to prevent disease progression. Conventionally, lactoferrin is used to treat mild gastrointestinal tract and skin inflammation. Protease-digested lactoferrin fragments often exhibit improved therapeutic properties compared to full-length lactoferrin (flHLF). However, there are no studies on the use of protease-digested lactoferrin fragments to treat inflammation. Herein, we assess the anti-inflammatory properties of engineered recombinant lactoferrin fragments (rtHLF4, rteHLF1, and rpHLF2) on non-malignant colonic fibroblast cells and colorectal cancer cells. We found that rtHLF4 is 10 times more effective to prevent inflammation compared to flHLF. These results were investigated by looking into the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, angiogenesis activity, and cellular proliferation of the treated cells. We have demonstrated in this study the anti-inflammatory properties of the flHLF and the various lactoferrin fragments. These results complement the anti-cancer properties of these proteins that were demonstrated in an earlier study.

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