scholarly journals Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: Emerging Role of Viral Hepatitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gina Gheorghe ◽  
Camelia Cristina Diaconu ◽  
Vlad Ionescu ◽  
Gabriel Constantinescu ◽  
Nicolae Bacalbasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Common ◽  
Endodermal Cells

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplastic diseases. The incidence and mortality rates of this disease vary depending on geographical area, which might be explained by the different exposure to risk factors. To improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, different approaches are needed for an earlier diagnosis. Identification of risk factors and implementation of screening strategies are essential for a better prognosis. Currently, the risk factors for pancreatic cancer fall into two broad categories, namely extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors include alcohol consumption, smoking, a diet rich in saturated fats, and viral infections such as chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining how these hepatotropic viruses contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer are not fully elucidated. The common origin of hepatocytes and pancreatic cells in the multipotent endodermal cells, the common origin of the blood vessels and biliary ducts of the pancreas and the liver, or chronic inflammatory changes may be involved in this interaction. A careful monitoring of patients with viral liver infections may contribute to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and improve the prognosis of these patients.

scholarly journals Epigenetic function of Granulocytic nuclei? Designing a new line of research

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mingorance Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Initial Testing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Granulocytes share the common feature of having a lobulated nucleus, a fact whose function has yet to be discussed in depth. This hypothesis suggests that the division of the nuclei follows an epigenetic purpose, separating genes into compartments with different regulatory mechanisms, which may be due to intrinsic factors like regulatory RNA or extrinsic factors like proteins. This paper describes the outlines of a line of research for both the initial testing to test the hypothesis and the following descriptive studies, including potential clinical uses in the prognosis or diagnosis of diseases that present dysregulation of the number of lobes. The chosen approach is to study the pattern of distribution (random or otherwise) of genes amongst the lobes.

Falls in Elderly

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Tânia Patrícia Cabo Relíquias ◽  
Carmen Dolores Roque Agostinho ◽  
Maria do Céu Marques
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Elderly Inpatients ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Falls In Elderly

The objective of this chapter is to identify the risk factors and preponderant causes of falls in the hospital elderly inpatients. A survey on the search engines B-on, EBSCO, and Pubmed, followed by an analysis of the title and abstract is done. Afterwards, the authors analyze all the articles with full text available in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. The most common risk factor for falls in the analyzed articles was being aged above 65 years old. More than half of the articles also mentioned intrinsic factors such as mental disorder, mobility disorder, and use of medication. As for extrinsic factors associated with risk of falls, most of the articles mentioned the characteristics of bed/chair and the obstacles associated with the physical/environmental infrastructures. The prevention strategies for this phenomenon must consider each country and care unit specifically as well as the specific characteristics of its patients, aiming to promote the care quality.

scholarly journals Recording of Falls in Elderly Fallers in Northern Greece and Evaluation of Aging Health-Related Factors and Environmental Safety Associated with Falls: A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Lytras ◽  
Evaggelos Sykaras ◽  
Paris Iakovidis ◽  
Konstantinos Kasimis ◽  
Ioannis Myrogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Elderly Falls

Background. Elderly falls constitute a global problem with huge social and economic aspects. Fall risk factors are both intrinsic (physical and psychological) and extrinsic (related with environmental safety). Aim. To record both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and their correlation in elderly fallers in order to suggest specific guidelines for their medical care and environmental modification inside and outside the home. Method. The study involved 150 elderly fallers (median age 70 (67-74)), who completed a record containing information on known risk factors related to their health status, as well as information on the conditions and causes that led to the fall. Each fall was considered an independent event, while measurements were performed regarding balance, strength, their functional ability, and the fear of a possible fall. Descriptive analysis and frequency analysis were used to record the health and activity status of the participants as well as the fall-related environmental factors. Severity of each fall event across a variety of locations was examined using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was applied to examine the effect of the mean values of functional tests and medical records on the number of fall events. Results. In the span of 12 months, a total of 304 fall events were recorded. Regarding location, 77.6% occurred indoors; more frequent were the bedroom (28.6%) and the bathroom (28%). The interior stairs (10.5%), the kitchen (4.9%), and the living room (3.3%) were the less frequent locations. Concerning danger, falling on the interior stairs caused the longest hospitalization, followed by the kitchen and the bathroom. Extrinsic factors that led to both indoor and outdoor falls were the administration of psychotropic medication, poor space ergonomics, lack of basic safety standards, and poor lighting conditions. Vision problems and dizziness resulted in more falls than other intrinsic factors. Furthermore, reduced performance in the FICSIT-4 test and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test, as well as high scores in the CONFbal–GREEK questionnaire and the Short FES-I, shows a linear relationship with an increased number of falls. Conclusions. Ergonomic interventions can help prevent indoor elderly falls. Poor construction and lack of adequate lighting mainly cause outdoor falls. Regular eye examinations, management of vertigo, improvement of the balance and strength of the lower limbs, and reduction of fear of impending falls are the intrinsic factors that help prevent falls the most.

scholarly journals Atypical Chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations, mortality and risk factors for severe disease during the 2005–2006 outbreak on Réunion

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ECONOMOPOULOU ◽  
M. DOMINGUEZ ◽  
B. HELYNCK ◽  
D. SISSOKO ◽  
O. WICHMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Atypical Case ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

SUMMARYIn April 2005, an outbreak of Chikungunya fever occurred on the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. During winter 2005, six patients developed meningoencephalitis and acute hepatitis due to Chikungunya virus. Our objectives were to determine the incidence and mortality of atypical Chikungunya viral infections and to identify risk factors for severe disease. A hospital-based surveillance system was established to collect data on atypical Chikungunya cases. Case reports, medical records and laboratory results were reviewed and analysed. We defined an atypical case as one in which a patient with laboratory-confirmed Chikungunya virus infection developed symptoms other than fever and arthralgia. We defined a severe atypical case as one which required maintenance of at least one vital function. We recorded 610 atypical cases of Chikungunya fever: 222 were severe cases, 65 affected patients died. Five hundred and forty-six cases had underlying medical conditions (of which 226 suffered from cardiovascular, 147 from neurological and 150 from respiratory disorders). Clinical features that had never been associated with Chikungunya fever were recorded, such as bullous dermatosis, pneumonia, and diabetes mellitus. Hypertension, and underlying respiratory or cardiological conditions were independent risk factors for disease severity. The overall mortality rate was 10·6% and it increased with age. This is the first time that severe cases and deaths due to Chikungunya fever have been documented. The information presented in this article may assist clinicians in identifying the disease, selecting the treatment strategy, and anticipating the course of illness.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiubo Zhang ◽  
Linjuan Zeng ◽  
Yinting Chen ◽  
Guoda Lian ◽  
Chenchen Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

PC (pancreatic cancer) is the fourth most common cause of death due to cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates have been increasing year by year worldwide, and this review has analyzed the most recent incidence and mortality data for pancreatic cancer occurrence in China. Several possible risk factors have been discussed here, involving known established risk factors and novel possible risk factors. The development of this cancer is a stepwise progression through intraepithelial neoplasia to carcinoma. Though early and accurate diagnosis is promising based on a combination of recent techniques including tumor markers and imaging modalities, lacking early clinical symptoms makes the diagnosis late. Correct staging is critical because treatment is generally based on this parameter. Treatment options have improved throughout the last decades. However, surgical excision remains the primary therapy and efficacy of conventional chemoradiotherapy for PC is limited. Recently, some novel new therapies have been developed and will be applied in clinics soon. This review will provide an overview of pancreatic cancer, including an understanding of the developments and controversies.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of ACL Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuthan Jagadeesh ◽  
Sachindra Kapadi ◽  
Venkatesh Deva ◽  
Ankur Kariya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Joint Injury ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

An anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) is one of the major stabilizers of the knee joint, injury to which can be quite dreadful even ending many sports careers if not properly treated. Knowledge of the risk factors contributing to ACL injury will help in identifying at-risk individuals and develop preventive strategies. The factors contributing to ACL injury are multi-factorial involving biomechanical, anatomical, hormonal, neuromuscular factors etc; and can be broadly classified as Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are mostly non-modifiable risk factors may be subdivided into anatomical, genetic, gender, previous ACL Injuries etc . Whereas Extrinsic factors are mostly modifiable risk factors include environmental factors, characteristic of surface and shoe, BMI and others. Anatomical risk factors can divided into tibial parameters like posterior tibial slope, medial tibial plateau depth etc ; femoral parameters like notch width, notch index etc.

scholarly journals An epidemiological review of pancreatic cancer with special reference to India

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rajshree H. Gaidhani ◽  
Ganesh Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Rare Site ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Near Future

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a rare cancer site, ranked 14th in incidence and 7th in mortality in the world. In India, pancreas ranks 24th with 10860 new cases (1.03%) and 18th in mortality. Although PC is a rare site, it is a leading mortality site across the globe and very little data are available about the epidemiology of PC. It is hypothesized that due to the changing lifestyle globally and, in India, the rates of PC will increase in the near future. Thus, this study aims to report PC incidence, mortality, globally but with more emphasis with respect to Indian population and associated factors for PC, since changing lifestyle has had an impact on the occurrence of the disease over the years. Incidence and mortality rates are obtained from GLOBOCAN-2018 and cancer incidence in five continents (CI5- XI), and Indian Council of Medical Research publication on Indian cancer registry database. Incidence is higher in elderly population (more than 50% in 65–75 years). The incidence is highest among Northeastern Indian regions. Risk factors include smoking, high alcohol consumption, non-vegetarian diets (modifiable) and age, race, and the genetic predispositions (non-modifiable) risk factors. No case–control studies on risk factors are reported yet based on the Indian population. Increase of PC numbers is a cause for concern, since it mostly manifests on the lifestyle factors, which is rapidly changing in India, like in other parts of the globe. This study will be useful in giving some leads on the PC’s possible causes and thereby help in formulating strategies for reducing the burden of this disease.

A Literature Review of Factors Influencing Injurious Falls

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Faithe J. X. Poh ◽  
Shefaly Shorey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Injurious Falls ◽  
Injury Risk Factors ◽  
Include Body Mass Index

Falls pose substantial challenges to health care institutions. This review aims to provide a synthesis and critique of studies that investigated fall injury risk factors and to identify significant risk factors that predispose patients to injurious falls. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, COCHRANE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Heath Literature, and Scopus. Additional records were searched through Google Scholar and bibliographies of the retrieved articles. Twenty-three primary research studies were included. Demographic, intrinsic, and extrinsic factors have been identified. Demographics include age, gender, and marital status. Intrinsic factors include body mass index, medication, and preexisting conditions, and extrinsic factors include environmental factors. Several factors were found to be inconclusive. These factors should be considered and examined further. Future research may evaluate interventions focusing on targeted risk factors of injurious falls. Clinical guidelines addressing the factors in this review may be considered after further testing and research.

Quelques Remarques Sur Les Types Convergents

Diachronica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Petia Asenova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Independent Origin ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common

SUMMARY The Balkan language alliance (Sprachbund) comprises three different kinds of common linguistic types: 1) the common origin types; 2) the independent origin types and 3) the convergent types. The last ones are more characteristic for an areal group of languages such as the Balkan language alliance since they appear within a common geographical area. Two criteria are proposed to prove the convergent origin of some balkanisms: 1) The diachronic approach to the Balkan types (applied here to the future tense formation), which also implies that the paper supports the idea of a diachronic typology; 2) the research of semantic borrowings on the level of grammatical forms (applied to the parallel functions of some prepositions in the different Balkan languages; to the identical infinitive replacement, and to the expression of non-testimonial action). RÉSUMÉ L'union linguistique balkanique recèle trois sortes de types communs: 1) des types hérités d'une source commune; 2) des types d'origine indépendante et 3) des types convergents. Ces derniers sont les plus caractéristiques pour un groupe aréal de langues que représente l'union linguistique balkanique, étant donné qu'ils surgissent sur une aire commune. On propose deux critères qui pourraient prouver l'origine convergente de certains balkanismes: 1) L'approche diachronique des types balkaniques (appliquée ici à la formation du futur), c'est-à-dire on supporte l'idée d'une typologie diachronique; 2) la recherche d'emprunts sémantiques au niveau des formes grammaticales (appliquée ici aux fonctions parallèles de certaines prépositions dans les langues balkaniques différentes; à la façon identique de remplacer l'infinitif et à l'expression non-testimoniale de l'action). ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Balkansprachbund weist drei Arten gemeinsamer Typen auf: 1) aus einer gemeinsamen Quelle ererbte; 2) unabhangig voneinander entstandene; 3) konvergente. Letztere sind besonders charakteristisch für eine areale Sprach-gruppe wie den Balkansprachbund, da sie auf dem gemeinsamen Areal ent-stehen. Es werden zwei Kriterien aufgestellt, die als Beweis für den konver-genten Ursprung bestimmter Balkanismen gelten können: 1) die diachrone Untersuchung der balkanischen Typen (hier auf die Bildung des Futurs ange-wandt), d.h. es wird der Gedanke einer diachronen Typologie vertreten; 2) die Untersuchung von Bedeutungsentlehnungen auf dem Gebiet grammatischer Formen (angewandt auf die parallelen Funktionen bestimmter Präpositionen in den verschiedenen Balkansprachen, auf den identischen Ersatz des Infinitivs und den kommentativen Ausdruck der Handlung).

scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancer Related Health Disparities: A Commentary

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Scarton ◽  
Saunjoo Yoon ◽  
Sungho Oh ◽  
Edward Agyare ◽  
Jose Trevino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

We summarize the risk factors that may significantly contribute to racial disparities in pancreatic cancer, which is now the third leading cause of cancer deaths and projected to be second around 2030 in 12 years. For decades, the incidence rate of pancreatic cancer among Blacks has been 30% to 70% higher than other racial groups in the United States and the 5-year survival rate is approximately 5%. Diabetes and obesity have been identified as potentially predisposing factors to pancreatic cancer and both are more common among Blacks. Smoking continues to be one of the most important risk factors for pancreatic cancer and smoking rates are higher among Blacks compared to other racial groups. The overall risk of pancreatic cancer due to changes in DNA is thought to be the same for most racial groups; however, DNA methylation levels have been observed to be significantly different between Blacks and Whites. This finding may underlie the racial disparities in pancreatic cancer. Identification and prevention of these factors may be effective strategies to reduce the high incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer among Blacks.

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