Brewed Robusta Coffee Increases Nickel Ion Release from Dental Alloys: An In Vitro Study

Alloys in oral cavity always interact with dynamic oral environment, such as pH, temperature, salivary conditions, and dietary habits. Coffee can further decrease pH in the oral cavity. Thus, coffee may increase the release of metal ions that may lead to various health diseases. This study aimed to quantitively investigate the effect of brewed Robusta coffee on the nickel ion release and their morphological structures; Methods: 20 alloy specimens were divided into 4 groups and placed in solutions for 48 and 168 h: (1) distilled water, (2) artificial saliva, (3) Robusta coffee, and (4) mixture of artificial saliva and Robusta coffee. AAS, XRF, and SEM were used for examinations; Results: The release of Ni2+ was found in all groups and robust release were found in the coffee only and mixture of coffee + artificial saliva solution after 168 h. Likewise, SEM showed that internal oxidation was high after 168 h of immersion; Conclusions: The concentration of nickel increased in saliva of low pH due to brewed coffee. Though the release of these ions is still within the tolerable amount in human body, it should be realized that it usually lasts for months or years. Dentists should be cautious when using instructions for patients with a history of allergies especially for dietary with low acidity.

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Influence of pH Level and Type of Archwire on the Time Bound Release of Nickel Ions from Orthodontic Appliances - An In Vitro Study

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (29) ◽

pp. 2162-2165

Author(s):

Azhar Mohammed ◽

Crystal Runa Soans ◽

Shivananda S. ◽

Yatishkumar S. Joshi ◽

Junaid Junaid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Ion Release ◽

Nickel Ions ◽

Clinical Scenarios ◽

Nickel Release ◽

Oral Environment

BACKGROUND Orthodontic metallic appliances in the oral cavity are constantly in contact with biological fluids or tissues thereby releasing particulate masses. They can be common causes of contact allergies and should be considered as a critical issue in determining properties of biomaterials. Nickel ions in various forms and compounds have been known to cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic and allergenic reactions. Pattern of metal ions released from different stainless steel orthodontic appliances in vitro could provide valuable information to consider their application in clinical scenarios. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate metal ions released under different ph levels, immersion period time and using different archwire orthodontic appliances. METHODS Orthodontic appliances were constructed consisting of five brackets from central incisor to the second premolar, a buccal tube welded molar band and an archwire that were used as samples. Total of twelve appliances were constructed; using stainless steel, Ni - Ti, and Thermal Ni - Ti wires (N = 4 each). Half of these samples were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 3.5 and the other half were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 6.75. The samples were stored in an incubator at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. Saliva samples from these bottles were collected at the end of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis for estimation of nickel content. RESULTS Nickel release was maximum during the first week of immersion from orthodontic appliances comprising of Ni - Ti wires compared to Stainless steel and thermal Ni - Ti. A gradual decline in the nickel release was observed in the subsequent weeks. Ion release was increased by 30 times in the acidic pH medium, as compared to neutral pH conditions. CONCLUSIONS There is a definite release of nickel ions from orthodontic appliances when exposed to oral environment; however, the amounts are much lower than the daily dietary intake and don’t pose risk of toxicity. Care should be taken in patients with nickel hypersensitivity and wires such as beta - titanium or epoxy coated wires can be substituted. As there is an increase in ion release under acidic conditions the patients need to maintain hygienic oral environment thereby limiting corrosion of appliances. KEY WORDS NitiAlloy, Archwires, pH, Hypersensitivity

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Comparison of Some Dietary Habits on Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel Brackets: An in vitro Study

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.35.4.m17j2h5827861m55 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 429-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M Shahabi ◽

A Jahanbin ◽

H Esmaily ◽

H Sharifi ◽

S Salari

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Negative Control ◽

Lemon Juice ◽

Orthodontic Brackets ◽

Localized Corrosion

Background and Objective: Resistance to corrosion is an advantageous property of orthodontic brackets;however, due to low levels of pH found in the mouth of a patient, localized corrosion may occur. This can affect tooth movement by increasing friction between the arch wire and bracket slot and initiate enamel discoloration. Additionally, corrosion causes the release of elements that may lead to cytotoxic and biological side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of corrosion caused by lemon juice, vinegar and Coca-Cola® on orthodontic brackets in vitro and then to recommend the most suitable diet during orthodontic treatment. Method: Sixty orthodontic brackets in three groups of twenty were immersed in a test solution (Fusamaya-Meyer artificial saliva plus lemon juice, vinegar or Coca-Cola) at a temperature of 37°C±1. Moreover, a negative control consisting of twenty brackets were put in pure artificial saliva. After 6 weeks the amount of corrosion was determined by measuring δW of mean weights of brackets and the results were analyzed by general linear models (repeated measurement). Results: Significant differences were seen during different weeks of the study (P<0.001) and different solutions(P<0.001). This study showed the amount of corrosion in orthodontic brackets was the most for cola followed by vinegar and then lemon juice. In addition, mean differences for cola versus lemon juice was -0.010(sig. <0.001), vinegar versus lemon juice was -0.006 (sig. =0.001) and cola versus vinegar was -0.004(sig. =0.013). Conclusion: Acidic effervescent soft drinks such as cola have to be eliminated or minimized in the nutritional diet of orthodontic patients because of their harmful effects on their brackets.

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Evaluation of nickel ion release from various orthodontic arch wires: An in vitro study

Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry ◽

10.4103/2231-0762.130921 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Anila Charles ◽

Parag Gangurde ◽

Sanjay Jacob ◽

Suruchi Jatol-Tekade ◽

RS Senkutvan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Ion Release ◽

Nickel Ion

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An In Vitro Study of Different Types of Greek Honey as Potential Natural Antimicrobials against Dental Caries and Other Oral Pathogenic Microorganisms. Case Study Simulation of Oral Cavity Conditions

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6318

Author(s):

Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou ◽

Maria Antoniadou ◽

Georgios Rozos ◽

Athanasios Alexopoulos ◽

Elpida Giorgi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Manuka Honey ◽

Other Substances ◽

Reference Strains

To study the antibacterial effect of different Greek honeys, samples of citrus honey, Saturja spp. Honey, and oregano and sage honey were collected directly from producers. Manuka honey and artificial honey were used as controls. The honeys were diluted in various concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and were also placed in agar wells to determine the inhibitory zones of growth. The bacteria tested were two reference strains and five pathogens isolated from patients with various dental ailments. A series of samples were diluted with artificial saliva instead of distilled water to simulate the conditions in the oral cavity. The results show that in most cases the Greek honeys, and particularly the citrus honey and the oregano and sage honey, outperformed the antibacterial activity of manuka honey against all tested bacteria. This performance was due to the hydrogen peroxide as well as to other components of the honeys, that is, peptides and other substances such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Artificial saliva enhanced the antibacterial effect of the honeys in comparison to distilled water.

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Influence of pH level of artificial saliva on corrosion behavior and nickel ion release of a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy: an in vitro study

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials ◽

10.1108/acmm-12-2018-2045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 746-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elnaz Moslehifard ◽

Sanaz Ghasemzadeh ◽

Farzad Nasirpouri

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Ion Release ◽

Nickel Ion ◽

Content Type ◽

Ph Level ◽

Scanning Electron

Purpose The purpose of this paper (in vitro) study was to determine the effect of pH of artificial saliva on the corrosion behavior of a Ni-Cr-Mo alloy at 37 ± 1°C. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion behavior of a commercially available Ni-Cr-Mo base dental alloy was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The effect of pH on corrosion and Ni ion release was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Findings The results suggested that the order of corrosion rate was: pH3 > pH5 > pH9 > pH7. Corrosion rate in pH3 was significantly different with other pH levels. Nickel depletion significantly occurred in alloy without passivation. The corrosion resistance and ion release of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys in different pH levels of artificial saliva depended on the stability of the passive layer. Acidic pH level severely corrodes Ni-Cr-Mo base metal alloys and increases Ni ion release. Originality/value This manuscript describes the relationship between corrosion rate and nickel ion release of a dental Ni-Cr-Mo base alloy as a function of saliva pH examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in artificial saliva. The main novelty of this work includes the material/structure/corrosion relationship in artificial saliva with different pH. This property would be very interesting for dental materials applications and clinical dentistry.

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Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1154 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 376-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

CM Manjith ◽

Srinivas Kumar Karnam ◽

A Naveen Reddy

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Iron Ions ◽

Orthodontic Appliance ◽

Ion Release ◽

Nickel Chromium ◽

Metal Ion Release

ABSTRACT Aim The metal ion released from the orthodontic appliance may cause allergic reactions particularly nickel and chromium ions. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the amount of nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions released from simulated orthodontic appliance made of new archwires and brackets. Materials and methods Sixty sets of new archwire, band material, brackets and ligature wires were prepared simulating fixed orthodontic appliance. These sets were divided into four groups of fifteen samples each. Group 1: Stainless steel rectangular archwires. Group 2: Rectangular NiTi archwires. Group 3: Rectangular copper NiTi archwires. Group 4: Rectangular elgiloy archwires. These appliances were immersed in 50 ml of artificial saliva solution and stored in polypropylene bottles in the incubator to simulate oral conditions. After 90 days the solution were tested for nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Results showed that high levels of nickel ions were released from all four groups, compared to all other ions, followed by release of iron ion levels. There is no significant difference in the levels of all metal ions released in the different groups. Conclusion The study confirms that the use of newer brackets and newer archwires confirms the negligible release of metal ions from the orthodontic appliance. Clinical significance The measurable amount of metals, released from orthodontic appliances in artificial saliva, was significantly below the average dietary intake and did not reach toxic concentrations. How to cite this article Karnam SK, Reddy AN, Manjith CM. Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):376-381.

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In Vitro Effects of Resin Infiltration on Enamel Erosion Inhibition

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/14-162-l ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 492-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

GC Oliveira ◽

AP Boteon ◽

FQ Ionta ◽

MJ Moretto ◽

HM Honório ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Dental Erosion ◽

Deep Penetration ◽

Resin Infiltration ◽

Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy ◽

In Vitro Effects

SUMMARY Resin-based materials that show promising effects for preventing the progression of erosion have been studied. This in vitro study evaluated the effects of applying resin-based materials, including resin infiltration, on previously eroded enamel subjected to erosive challenges. The influence of enamel surface etching prior to application of the material was also studied. Bovine enamel blocks were immersed in hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.01 M (pH 2.3), for 30 seconds in order to form a softened erosion lesion. The blocks were then randomly divided into nine groups (n=12) and treated as follows: C = control without treatment; Hel = pit & fissure resin sealant (Helioseal Clear); Adh = two-step self-etching adhesive system (AdheSe); Tet = two-step conventional adhesive system (Tetric N-bond); and Inf = infiltrant (Icon). The Helno, Adhno, Tetno, and Infno groups received the same materials without (or with no) surface conditioning. The depth of the material's penetration into softened erosion lesions was qualitatively analyzed using reflection and fluorescence confocal microscopy. After application of the materials, the blocks were immersed in HCl for two minutes; this step was followed by immersion in artificial saliva for 120 minutes four times a day for five days (erosive cycling). Both the enamel alteration and material thickness were analyzed using profilometry, and the results were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p>0.05). Images from the confocal microscopy showed minimal penetration of Adh/Adhno and deep penetration of Inf/Infno into the erosive lesions. The groups Hel, Adh, Inf, Tetno, and Infno resulted in the formation of a layer of material over the enamel, which was effective in inhibiting the progression of erosion. In conclusion, the infiltrant, with or without etching, was able to penetrate and protect the enamel against dental erosion. The other resin-based materials, except for the two-step conventional adhesive, were able to penetrate and inhibit the progression of erosive lesions only when they were applied after enamel etching.

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Potential of different fluoride gels to prevent erosive tooth wear caused by gastroesophageal reflux

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01548-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Philipp Körner ◽

Luca Georgis ◽

Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽

Thomas Attin ◽

Florian J. Wegehaupt

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Control Group ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear ◽

Custom Made ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Bovine Enamel

Abstract Background This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear. Methods Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens [randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)] were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 h by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 h (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels [Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)] in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm), G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) showed the overall best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047). Conclusions After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Arginine Enriched NaF Varnish: An In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2998

Author(s):

Mohammed Nadeem Bijle ◽

Manikandan Ekambaram ◽

Edward Lo ◽

Cynthia Yiu

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Stable Matrix

The in vitro study objectives were to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg) incorporation in a 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on its physical and chemical properties including F/Arg release. Six experimental formulations were prepared with L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-arginine monohydrochloride at 2%, 4%, and 8% w/v in a 5% NaF varnish, which served as a control. The varnishes were subjected to assessments for adhesion, viscosity, and NaF extraction. Molecular dynamics were simulated to identify post-dynamics total energy for NaF=Arg/Arg>NaF/Arg<NaF concentrations. The Arg/F varnish release profiles were determined in polyacrylic lactate buffer (pH-4.5; 7 days) and artificial saliva (pH-7; 1 h, 24 h, and 12 weeks). Incorporation of L-Arg in NaF varnish significantly influences physical properties ameliorating retention (p < 0.001). L-Arg in NaF varnish institutes the Arg-F complex. Molecular dynamics suggests that NaF>Arg concentration denotes the stabilized environment compared to NaF<Arg (p < 0.001). The 2% Arg-NaF exhibits periodic perennial Arg/F release and shows significantly higher integrated mean F release than NaF (p < 0.001). Incorporating 2% L-arginine in 5% NaF varnish improves its physical properties and renders a stable matrix with enduring higher F/Arg release than control.

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