scholarly journals Homelessness and Research: Methodological Obstacles and Lessons Learned from a Psychological Study in Parisian Homeless Services

Psych ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-196
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Chevreau ◽  
Claire Vallat-Azouvi ◽  
Marta Coll ◽  
Frédéric Barbot ◽  
Marie-Carmen Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Homeless Services ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
The Moment

Homelessness, defined as a lack of appropriate, stable, and permanent housing, is a common issue in many societies and is linked to both structural and individual factors. These factors include psychological mechanisms and disorders which can trigger or worsen already precarious situations. In order for these factors to be taken into account in social rehabilitation programs, they need to be precisely described. However, at present, studies in this field are lacking in France. Despite homelessness being an issue across the country, few studies have evaluated the underlying psychological or neuropsychological mechanisms. More data are needed, not only to provide an accurate description of the situation in France, but also to ensure that foreign observations and interventions are relevant for application to the homeless population. In order to achieve this, more quantitative and qualitative data and investigative methodologies and studies are needed. Sharing experience and methods within the scientific community is one way to support further research, particularly in complex domains such as homelessness. At the moment, only a few such papers have been published. In this paper, we share our experiences from a research project that started in 2020 (currently unpublished) on the prevalence of cognitive disorders among homeless service users in Paris. We describe the exploratory phase of our project, obstacles encountered during the implementation of the study, including how we dealt with ethical issues, and data collection. We end the paper with recommendations for future psychological studies on homelessness.

The ethics of pandemic preparedness revisited - autonomy, quarantine, transferability and trust

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Schröder-Bäck ◽  
T Schloemer ◽  
K Martakis ◽  
C Brall
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Ethical Point

Abstract Background The outbreak of SARS in 2002 lead to a public health ethics discourse. The crisis management of that time was ethically analysed and lessons to be learned discussed. Scholarship and WHO, among others, developed an ethics of pandemic preparedness. The current “corona crisis” also faces us with ethical challenges. This presentation is comparing the two crises from an ethical point of view and a focus on Europe. Methods An ethics framework for pandemic preparedness (Schröder et al. 2006 and Schröder-Bäck 2014) is used to make a synopsis of ethical issues. Ethical aspects of 2002 and 2020 that were discussed in the literature and in the media are compared. For 2020, the focus is on interventions in Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Results Topics that emerged from the 2002 crisis were, among others, revolving around aspects of stigmatisation and fair distribution of scarce resources (esp. vaccines, antivirals). Currently, most urgent and ethically challenging aspects relate to social distancing vs. autonomy: Isolation and quarantine are handled differently across Europe and the EU. Questions of transferability of such interventions prevail. Contexts vary vertically over time (2002 vs. 2020) and horizontally (e.g. between Italy and Germany at the same time). Furthermore, trust in authorities, media and health information is a key issue. Conclusions Ethical aspects are key for good pandemic preparedness and management. The context of the crises between 2002 and 2020 has slightly changed, also based on “lessons learned” from 2002. This has implications on ethical issues that are being discussed. New lessons will have to be learned from the 2020 crisis. Key messages Pandemic preparedness and outbreak management entail many ethical tensions that need to be addressed. Currently, questions of trust and transferability are key to the crisis management, further ethical issues could still emerge.

scholarly journals The public accountability of social platforms: lessons from a study on bots and trolls in the Brexit campaign

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2128) ◽  
pp. 20180003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bastos ◽  
Dan Mercea
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
The Uk

In this article, we review our study of 13 493 bot-like Twitter accounts that tweeted during the UK European Union membership referendum debate and disappeared from the platform after the ballot. We discuss the methodological challenges and lessons learned from a study that emerged in a period of increasing weaponization of social media and mounting concerns about information warfare. We address the challenges and shortcomings involved in bot detection, the extent to which disinformation campaigns on social media are effective, valid metrics for user exposure, activation and engagement in the context of disinformation campaigns, unsupervised and supervised posting protocols, along with infrastructure and ethical issues associated with social sciences research based on large-scale social media data. We argue for improving researchers' access to data associated with contentious issues and suggest that social media platforms should offer public application programming interfaces to allow researchers access to content generated on their networks. We conclude with reflections on the relevance of this research agenda to public policy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations'.

Lessons Learned from ISIS Recruitment in Turkey: A Paradigm Shift in Counterterrorism Is Needed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Ozeren ◽  
Suat Cubukcu ◽  
Mehmet F. Bastug
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Different Levels

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has been unprecedentedly effective in recruiting foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs). While Turkey has been a transit country and a major hub for ISIS’s logistical and human resources, it also has become a prolific hotbed for its recruitment. Based on face-to-face interviews and open-source reports, this paper provides an in-depth assessment of ISIS’s recruitment structure and the challenges that Turkey faces in relation to ISIS’s activities and FTFs. We conclude with a set of recommendations and a roadmap for pursuing effective and sustainable policies against ISIS. Overall, Turkey should adopt a paradigm shift on counterterrorism, transform the security and intelligence apparatus, and develop rehabilitation programs that consider the specificity of individuals’ radicalization at different levels.

scholarly journals Disaster Planning for Homeless Populations: Analysis and Recommendations for Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Disaster Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Population Classification ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

AbstractHomelessness is a growing problem, with perhaps greater than a 150 million homeless people globally. The global community has prioritized the problem, as eradicating homelessness is one of the United Nation’s sustainability goals of 2030. Homelessness is a variable entity with individual, population, cultural, and regional characteristics complicating emergency preparedness. Overall, there are many factors that make homeless individuals and populations more vulnerable to disasters. These include, but are not limited to: shelter concerns, transportation, acute and chronic financial and material resource constraints, mental and physical health concerns, violence, and substance abuse. As such, homeless population classification as a special or vulnerable population with regard to disaster planning is well-accepted. Much work has been done regarding best practices of accounting for and accommodating special populations in all aspects of disaster management. Utilizing what is understood of homeless populations and emergency management for special populations, a review of disaster planning with recommendations for communities was conducted. Much of the literature on this subject generates from urban homeless in the United States, but it is assumed that some lessons learned and guidance will be translatable to other communities and settings.

scholarly journals Experience Sampling as a Method for Studying In Situ Organizational Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ben Lauren
Keyword(s):  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Employee Experience ◽  
Insight Into

The communication flows in organizations seem to be in constant state of flux, and this is particularly true when thinking about how the various strategies and mediated practices people use to interact with peers. As organizations work to establish healthy communication workflows, they need insight into how communication around projects exists in situ (i.e., as it happens in the moment) to better understand and support the employee experience so work can get done. The employee experience with communication across different events, settings, and ideologies plays an important role in meeting the intended outcomes of project work, and learning about the in situ communication practices of teams and individual employees remains an important consideration for organizational researchers. This article describes a method for studying in situ communication in the workplace called experience sampling. The goal for this article is to explain how experience sampling can be used to study communicative events in the workplace by drawing from two datasets of original research. From the use of experience sampling depicted in these case studies, the article indicates lessons learned about using experience sampling to study worker’s in situ communication in the workplace.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease: potential for classification, diagnostics and therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Vasenina ◽  
O. S. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Axial Symptoms ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

Introduction. Speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease are a very common clinical sign. The structure of speech disorders is at the moment not fully understood, there is no unified approach to classification, therapy effects have not been studied.Materials and methods: 324 PD patients were primarily included in the study, and from those the patients showing clinically significant speech disorders (22,4%) were selected. All the patients were assessed for motor disorders (UPDRS part 3), cognitive disorders (Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination), as well as affective disorders.Results: by means of cluster analysis we identified 4 subtypes of speech disorders as dysphasia (adynamic, disprosodic, constructive, and logopenic). None of the forms was associated with parkinsonism severity and general severity of cognitive impairment, which allowed to consider dysphasia as a separate clinical syndrome. Disprosodic dysphasia differentiated by severity of axial symptoms (F value = 3.279, p < 0,05), adynamic dysphasia was associated with more pronounced apathy (F value = 4,2, p < 0,01), constructive dysphasia – with impairment of visual-spatial functioning (F value 29,93, p<0,0001), while logopenic dysphasia was associated with more severe attention deficiency.Conclusion: Speech disorders in PD are heterogeneous and can be regarded as manifestations of dysphasia. Identification of various subtypes will allow for optimizing the treatment of PD patients.

scholarly journals Combatting Homelessness in Canada: Applying Lessons Learned from Six Tiny Villages to the Edmonton Bridge Healing Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6279
Author(s):  
Anson Wong ◽  
Jerry Chen ◽  
Renée Dicipulo ◽  
Danielle Weiss ◽  
David A. Sleet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Hospital Emergency Departments

Emerging evidence shows that homelessness continues to be a chronic public health problem throughout Canada. The Bridge Healing Program has been proposed in Edmonton, Alberta, as a novel approach to combat homelessness by using hospital emergency departments (ED) as a gateway to temporary housing. Building on the ideas of Tiny Villages, the Bridge Healing Program provides residents with immediate temporary housing before transitioning them to permanent homes. This paper aims to understand effective strategies that underlie the Tiny Villages concept by analyzing six case studies and applying the lessons learned to improving the Bridge Healing Program. After looking at six Tiny Villages, we identified four common elements of many successful Tiny Villages. These include a strong community, public support, funding with few restrictions, and affordable housing options post-graduation. The Bridge Healing Program emphasizes such key elements by having a strong team, numerous services, and connections to permanent housing. Furthermore, the Bridge Healing Program is unique in its ability to reduce repeat ED visits, lengths of stay in the ED, and healthcare costs. Overall, the Bridge Healing Program exhibits many traits associated with successful Tiny Villages and has the potential to address a gap in our current healthcare system.

scholarly journals Practical issues regarding implementing a randomized clinical trial in a homeless population: strategies and lessons learned

Trials ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olamide Ojo-Fati ◽  
Anne M. Joseph ◽  
Jed Ig-Izevbekhai ◽  
Janet L. Thomas ◽  
Susan A. Everson-Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Homeless Population

Studying adolescent information behavior in the context of making everyday life decisions: Methodological approach, main concerns and lessons learned

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Alica Kolarić ◽  
Ivanka Stričević
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Information Behavior ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Life Decisions

This paper presents the main methodological issues met with during the research on adolescent everyday life information behavior in the context of making informed decisions, which was carried out in Croatia from 2018 to 2020. It does not focus on the research results, but rather on the methodological issues and concerns that had occurred stemming from the specific life period of the population being investigated, and on the ways the researchers delt with them. They are offered as potentially useful for consideration to those who will investigate adolescent information behavior in other contexts. Six main methodological dilemmas arose while planning the design of research methodology coming out from six questions: what would be the appropriate research approach and design to investigate adolescent information behavior in the context of making informed everyday life decisions, what would be the developmentally appropriate way to investigate the phenomena, how to gain access to the potential adolescent research participants, how to negotiate an adult researcher’s position when interacting with adolescents, how to get adolescent participants’ trust needed to collect rich data and what ethical issues need to be considered. We offer an overview of the dilemmas and concerns, as well as the ways they were dealt with, acknowledging the contribution of those scholars who had responded to similar challenges in the past.

Combat Social Work in Afghanistan, 2009–2010

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-254
Author(s):  
Randy C. Nedegaard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Secondary Trauma ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Operational Stress ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
War Experiences ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Leadership Lessons

This chapter focuses on values and how they are impacted by war experiences. The author examines his own experiences as he commanded a combat stress control detachment during a major troop surge. Using an autobiographical approach, the author discusses how engrained personal values impacted his deployment and command experience, both positively and negatively. Lessons learned and case examples from this deployment experience are shared as a way to identify key aspects of military culture and the unique challenges that are faced in deployed environments. Ethical issues faced as a deployed social worker are considered along with some unique tensions that can exist between service branches while attempting to support service members struggling with combat operational stress. Finally, specific leadership lessons are shared when leading a team of mental health professionals who are dealing with stress and secondary trauma of their own.

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