scholarly journals “Our World Is Shaking Because of Corona”: Intersecting Crises and Disrupted Life Transitions among Young People in Ethiopia and Jordan Pre- and Post-COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Nicola Jones ◽  
Kate Pincock ◽  
Sarah Alheiwidi ◽  
Workneh Yadete
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Related Service ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Youth Transitions

Our article explores how intersecting crises, sociocultural norms around gender, age, household and community and broader political and economic shifts are affecting youth transitions. We draw on qualitative virtual research with 138 young people in Ethiopia and Jordan undertaken between April and August 2020. COVID-19 is exacerbating ongoing crises and gender inequalities in Ethiopia and Jordan and foreclosing opportunities for youth transitions. In Ethiopia, the pandemic has compounded the precarity of young people who have migrated from rural to urban areas, often to locations where they are socially marginalised. In Jordan, the confinement of young people affected by forced displacement to their households with extended family during pandemic-related service closures augments existing perceptions of an extended ‘waithood’—both psychosocially and economically. In both contexts, conservative gender norms further entrench the restrictions on adolescent girls’ mobility with consequences for their opportunities and wellbeing. This article makes an important contribution to the literature on gender, migrant youth and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic by showing how multiple crises have sharpened the social and political (im)mobilities that already shaped young men and women’s lives in Ethiopia and Jordan and the consequences for their trajectories to adulthood.

Gender and National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policies in Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Stella E. Igun
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Information

This chapter discusses the importance of incorporating gender aspects into the national ICT policies in Africa. The mention of gender issues in national ICT policies in Africa is still very scanty (where they exist). Many countries in Africa have no clear gender aspects incorporated into their national ICT policies. The chapter focuses on the imperativeness of ICTs to the livelihood of women in Africa, the need and urgency of increasing and encouraging women participation in all aspects of ICTs. The enactment and implementation of ICT policies and strategies targeting women population in both rural and urban areas is inevitable. Thus, status of gender inequality of ICT in Africa, strategies geared towards addressing gender inequalities in ICT in Africa and gender and ICT perspectives were discussed.

scholarly journals How far are the metropolitan areas in Brazil from achieving the sustainable development goals? An analysis based on SDG dashboards

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Silva Martinelli ◽  
André Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender

AbstractCities comprise the major challenges for sustainable development and are key contributors to sustainability indicators in a country. However, research assessing sustainability performance often focuses on the national level, overlooking the role of urban areas. To evaluate the city performance toward a sustainable pathway, this paper proposes the sustainable development goals (SDGs) Dashboard for Brazilian Cities, with a comprehensive assessment of their specific challenges based on the SDG Index methodology (UNSDSN). The 19 country’s most populous metropolitan areas (MAs) were considered, which comprises 41% of the population. From 17 SDGs, this paper evaluates 8 of the 12 SDGs defined with a social and environmental profile, covering data from 34 indicators. Results show that all MAs have a long way to achieve most of the analyzed SDGs, especially regarding inequalities (income and gender). Inequalities of performance are also observed among the country into a clear north–south distinction, where the GDP richest regions perform better toward the SDGs. However, cities with a good performance in education (SDG 4) are less unequal (SDG 10), indicating interrelations between SDGs. Despite the inequalities, MAs are doing relatively well in reducing poverty (SDG 1) and providing water and sanitation (SDG 6). The SDG Dashboards for Brazilian Cities can be used as a framework for action and help urban leaders address implementation challenges across cities.

Tensions Between Flexibility and Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Cranford
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Personal Support ◽  
Home Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between workers and recipients of domestic, or home-based, personal support services. Recipients and workers develop close and meaningful work relationships, yet they experience different “faces of oppression,” which can bubble up in the relationship and generate tension. Recipients face marginalization vis-à-vis a state and society that values independence. This marginalization fuels recipients' quest for flexibility in their current services. Meanwhile, workers experience different axes of oppression, namely devaluation and lack of recognition within class and gender inequalities, which shapes their pursuit of security. The majority of personal support workers in the urban areas of industrialized nations are immigrant women from less industrialized countries, and their economic insecurity is infused with racialization through nation of origin, language, accent, religion, culture, or skin color. What exacerbates tensions or encourages solidarity between recipients and workers? This book answers this question with a multilevel comparative study of in-home, old age, and disability support programs in Los Angeles and Toronto.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sue Clayton ◽  
Anna Gupta ◽  
Katie Willis
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
International Law ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Youth Identities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Way

This chapter provides an overview of the issues faced by unaccompanied child migrants in their search for safety and security. It highlights legal definitions used in national and international law, and the rights that such young people can claim under those laws. It outlines the demography of flows of migrant youth, including numbers, nationalities, and gender. The diversity of the group is highlighted, along with the way in which their treatment and experiences vary significantly depending on how they are framed by the immigration and welfare authorities that they come into contact with. The chapter examines the role of a social justice framework in understanding migrant experiences, an acknowledgement of young people’s agency, and the role of social workers and others working with young people. The chapter finishes with an overview of the subsequent chapters divided into three main sections: framing the youth migrant debate, exploring migrant youth identities, and international perspectives.

scholarly journals Agency and Structure Revisited with Youth Responses to Gendered (Spatial) Mobilities in the EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Şahizer Samuk Carignani ◽  
Tabea Schlimbach ◽  
Emilia Kmiotek-Meier ◽  
Celia Diaz ◽  
Laura Diaz Chorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Agency And Structure ◽  
The Eu

Young people involved in geographical mobility face diverse gendered mobility settings and gender inequalities. How do the youth involved in diverse mobility types deal with adverse circumstances caused by gender beliefs and gender prejudices? To answer this question, problem-centred interviews with young people (18-29) are analysed using Grounded Theory. These young people are European citizens and they are involved in five mobility types: higher education, employment, voluntary work, vocational education & training, and entrepreneurship. We apply Emirbayer and Mische’s (1998) categories (iterational, projective and practical-evaluative) to the analysis of gendered mobility narratives as unequal gender perceptions reveal themselves in the context of different types of youth mobility. The analysis allows to see the ways young people reflect on their actions: refusal of gender beliefs, acceptance or rejection of gendered prejudices, individual vs. collective solutions, demand for equality in numbers, comparison of gendered workplaces and assumption of leadership in initiating mobility. At the same time, we observe how geographical mobilities can increase the critical sensibility of youth towards gender inequalities, contributing to new conceptualisation of agentic responses to structural constraints.

scholarly journals Between town and country: shifting identity and migrant youth in Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Barratt ◽  
Martin Mbonye ◽  
Janet Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Identity Shift ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Transnational Migrants

ABSTRACTIn Uganda, as in many other African countries, increasing numbers of 15–24 year olds are migrating to urban areas to look for work and educational opportunities. We explore the shifting sense of identity amongst youth migrants in Uganda as they struggle to reconcile the differences in social norms between the rural settings in which they are brought up and the urban environment in which they now live. The experience of migration significantly impacts on the transition from youths to adults by influencing their perception of their own identity as well as the expectations of society. Young people often hold conflicting views of their rural and urban experiences, suggesting that understanding rural and urban realities as distinct entities does not reflect the complex relationship, and possible confusion, of the migrant experience. In contrast to existing literature on migrant identities, which has tended to focus on the identity shift experienced by adult transnational migrants, this reveals the particular challenges faced by youth migrants whose adult self is not yet formed.

Gender and National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policies in Africa

2013 ◽  
pp. 284-297
Author(s):  
Stella E. Igun
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Information ◽  
Women Participation

This chapter discusses the importance of incorporating gender aspects into the national ICT policies in Africa. The mention of gender issues in national ICT policies in Africa is still very scanty (where they exist). Many countries in Africa have no clear gender aspects incorporated into their national ICT policies. The chapter focuses on the imperativeness of ICTs to the livelihood of women in Africa, the need and urgency of increasing and encouraging women participation in all aspects of ICTs. The enactment and implementation of ICT policies and strategies targeting women population in both rural and urban areas is inevitable. Thus, status of gender inequality of ICT in Africa, strategies geared towards addressing gender inequalities in ICT in Africa and gender and ICT perspectives were discussed.

Maintenance of the Extended Family in Urban Areas of Argentina, Brazil and Chile

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
E. Wilbur Bock ◽  
Sugiyama Iut Aka ◽  
Felix M. Berardo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extended Family

Dispossession without Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Levien
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Land Dispossession ◽  
Extended Case Method ◽  
Indian State ◽  
And Gender

Since the mid-2000s, India has been beset by widespread farmer protests against “land grabs.” Dispossession without Development argues that beneath these conflicts lay a profound transformation in the political economy of land dispossession. While the Indian state dispossessed land for public-sector industry and infrastructure for much of the 20th century, the adoption of neoliberal economic policies since the early 1990s prompted India’s state governments to become land brokers for private real estate capital—most controversially, for Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Using long-term ethnographic research, the book demonstrates the consequences of this new regime of dispossession for a village in Rajasthan. Taking us into the diverse lives of villagers dispossessed for one of North India’s largest SEZs, it shows how the SEZ destroyed their agricultural livelihoods, marginalized their labor, and excluded them from “world-class” infrastructure—but absorbed them into a dramatic real estate boom. Real estate speculation generated a class of rural neo-rentiers, but excluded many and compounded pre-existing class, caste, and gender inequalities. While the SEZ disappointed most villagers’ expectations of “development,” land speculation fractured the village and disabled collective action. The case of “Rajpura” helps to illuminate the exclusionary trajectory of capitalism that underlay land conflicts in contemporary India—and explain why the Indian state is struggling to pacify farmers with real estate payouts. Using the extended case method, Dispossession without Development advances a sociological theory of dispossession that has relevance beyond India.

Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health among Children and Youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-243
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Fish ◽  
Laura Baams ◽  
Jenifer K. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
The World ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) young people are coming of age at a time of dynamic social and political changes with regard to LGBTQ rights and visibility around the world. And yet, contemporary cohorts of SGM youth continue to evidence the same degree of compromised mental health demonstrated by SGM youth of past decades. The authors review the current research on SGM youth mental health, with careful attention to the developmental and contextual characteristics that complicate, support, and thwart mental health for SGM young people. Given a large and rapidly growing body of science in this area, the authors strategically review research that reflects the prevalence of these issues in countries around the world but also concentrate on how mental health concerns among SGM children and youth are shaped by experiences with schools, families, and communities. Promising mental health treatment strategies for this population are reviewed. The chapter ends with a focus on understudied areas in the SGM youth mental health literature, which may offer promising solutions to combat SGM population health disparities and promote mental health among SGM young people during adolescence and as they age across the life course.

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