scholarly journals Social Learning in Empowering Leadership: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10137
Author(s):  
Gukdo Byun ◽  
Soojin Lee

This study suggests a comprehensive social learning model of empowering leadership by focusing on the antecedents and processes of empowering leadership. Data were obtained from subordinate–supervisor dyads from the South Korean Army. The results support the social learning of empowering leadership. Specifically, the empowering leadership of high-level leaders facilitates that of low-level leaders, and this relationship is mediated by leader-leader exchange (LLX). Additionally, the results confirm the existence of a moderated mediation relationship among the constructs of interest; that is, the exchange ideology of low-level leaders moderates the relationship between LLX and their empowering leadership, such that the relationship is stronger when the exchange ideology is weak rather than strong. Thus, a weak exchange ideology strengthens the indirect effects of the empowering leadership of high-level leaders on that of low-level leaders through LLX. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

In this article, the main approaches concerning the problem of leadership traits formation as studied in both national and foreign literature are viewed. There are given results of research on leadership traits in students at technical specialties and humanities in the course of their training at a higher education institution in their connection with emotive intellect. The peculiarities of leadership traits in the tested groups with different level of emotive intellect, as well as a connection between leadership traits and emotive intellect are determined. The highest indicators according to the results of the research are demonstrated by a group of students of technical specialties with a high level of emotional intelligence, which indicates the ability to manage their emotions and behavior, the ability to solve problems. They demonstrate a high level of organizational skills, ability to work with a group. Their actions are aimed at achieving goals. The lowest rates according to the results of the study were found in a group of students of humanities with a low level of emotional intelligence. In difficult situations, it is difficult for them to find a way out. They do not know how to control the work of their comrades, to find common ground with people. The relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership skills in students of technical and humanities has been studied. A group of technical students with a high level of emotional intelligence found positive correlations between emotional intelligence and all scales of leadership qualities. There are no correlations between emotional intelligence and leadership qualities in the group of humanities students with a low level of emotional intelligence. In other groups of students, certain correlations have been established between emotional intelligence and leadership qualities.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misbah Hayat Bhatti ◽  
Umair Akram ◽  
Muhammad Hasnat Bhatti ◽  
Tabassum Riaz ◽  
Nausheen Syed

Purpose The effect of empowering leadership on knowledge sharing is well defined, but factors that stimulate employees for knowledge sharing are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to address to what extent empowering leadership is desirable to create a trustful and fair environment that is conducive for an employee’s knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach Through integration of social exchange, equity and uncertainty management theories develop a moderating mediating model that links empowering leadership to knowledge sharing. Three-wave data collection from the sample of 375 managers–subordinates’ dyads was done in Pakistan textile industries. Findings Hierarchal regression analysis and bootstrapping method were applied to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that affective trust partially mediates the relationship between empowering leadership and knowledge sharing. More especially, the findings demonstrate that the relationship between empowering leadership and knowledge sharing becomes strong with high level of distributive and procedural justices. Practical implications This research study uses empowering leadership as a proposed motivational pathway for stimulating employee’s knowledge sharing through development of affective trust and buffering effect of distributive and procedural justices. Originality/value Most of previous research in knowledge sharing just cynosure organizational-level elements like leadership and organizational justices but deteriorate individual factors like trust. Therefore, this study will combine both organizational- and individual-level factors for urging employees for knowledge sharing.


Author(s):  
Huub J.M. Ruel

The relationship between Advanced Information Technologies (AIT) and organization is complex. Several theories and approaches try to get grip on this complex relationship. Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) (DeSanctis and Poole, 1994) is one of them. It introduces the concept of spirit of AIT as an important determinant of AIT appropriation. AIT with a clear, coherent spirit will lead to a high level of AIT appropriation. But what about the role of the internal organizational environment? Does this constrain or support the role of the AIT’s spirit regarding AIT appropriation? This paper presents a study that aims to find an answer to this question. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested in four offices where employees used office technologies. Results confirm that a clear spirit is positively related to the level of appropriation as distinguished by DeSanctis and Poole (1994) and Poole and DeSanctis (1990). The results also make clear that this relationship is more positive among users who experienced a low level of change in the internal organizational environment along with the office technology implementation than among users who experienced a high level of change. Furthermore, the relationship is more positive among users with a low level of work autonomy than among users with a high level of work autonomy. This is not fully in line with our expectations. However, we think an explanation is available. We suppose that the answer lies in the office technology development process. All office technologies in this study’s offices were probably developed without anticipating the changes that office technology implementations might bring about in the internal organizational environment and with the aim to build systems that “reconfirm” the current “restrictive” work procedures. This study’s results once again indicate that office technology and other organizational components are interrelated.


2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2945-2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Myers ◽  
Joel R. Norris

Abstract Climate models’ simulation of clouds over the eastern subtropical oceans contributes to large uncertainties in projected cloud feedback to global warming. Here, interannual relationships of cloud radiative effect and cloud fraction to meteorological variables are examined in observations and in models participating in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5, respectively). In observations, cooler sea surface temperature, a stronger estimated temperature inversion, and colder horizontal surface temperature advection are each associated with larger low-level cloud fraction and increased reflected shortwave radiation. A moister free troposphere and weaker subsidence are each associated with larger mid- and high-level cloud fraction and offsetting components of shortwave and longwave cloud radiative effect. It is found that a larger percentage of CMIP5 than CMIP3 models simulate the wrong sign or magnitude of the relationship of shortwave cloud radiative effect to sea surface temperature and estimated inversion strength. Furthermore, most models fail to produce the sign of the relationship between shortwave cloud radiative effect and temperature advection. These deficiencies are mostly, but not exclusively, attributable to errors in the relationship between low-level cloud fraction and meteorology. Poor model performance also arises due to errors in the response of mid- and high-level cloud fraction to variations in meteorology. Models exhibiting relationships closest to observations tend to project less solar reflection by clouds in the late twenty-first century and have higher climate sensitivities than poorer-performing models. Nevertheless, the intermodel spread of climate sensitivity is large even among these realistic models.


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
ShengLi Dong ◽  
Glacia Ethridge ◽  
Roe Rodgers-Bonaccorsy

This study examined the types of social injustice experiences rehabilitation counselor educators reported, and the relationship between different levels of social injustice experiences and infusion strategies of social justice into the curricula. The participants in the study included 101 rehabilitation counselor educators recruited from the listserv of the National Council on Rehabilitation Education. A quantitative content analysis method was used. The findings showed that social injustice experiences reported by the participants tend to be multidimensional. Participants who reported a high level of exposure to social injustice experiences were more likely to infuse social justice into their curricula at a higher level than participants who reported a low level of exposure to social injustice experiences. The study revealed that gaining an understanding of social injustice in educators' personal and professional lives may foster their efforts to integrate social justice into the curricula, which in turn, may potentially enhance the social justice competency for trainees. Implications for research and practice were discussed.


2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANNE PARKER ◽  
LORRAINE MACDONALD ◽  
PAUL SUTCLIFFE ◽  
PATRICK RABBITT

A sample of 555 drivers aged 50 or more were assessed in terms of their confidence in a range of driving situations, self-ratings of their driving ability, self-reported driving behaviour, and personality as measured by Eysenck's EPQ. Levels of nervousness when driving were surprisingly low, although there was no evidence of unrealistic self-ratings of driving ability. Female drivers reported significantly fewer errors and intentional violations than did male drivers. Female drivers were also found to score higher on the Extroversion, Neuroticism and Lie scales than did males. However, the males in the sample scored higher on the Psychoticism scale than the females. Driving confidence was associated with the following: a low level of lapses and errors, and a high level of violations; a low score on the Neuroticism scale and a high score on the Extroversion scale; being male, and high annual mileage. Personality did not mediate the relationship between driving confidence and self-rated driving ability.


2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
C. Gorobets ◽  
J.A. Prokopenko

In this article, the hypothesis of the existence of a connection between narcissistic personality traits and the level of leadership abilities was tested, namely: in subjects with a low level of expression of leadership abilities, such a trait of a narcissistic personality as "The need for constant attention and admiration" prevails, and at a high level of dominated by such indicator as "Exploitation in interpersonal relationships."


Author(s):  
Olga Perazzolo ◽  
Siloe Pereira ◽  
Marcia María Cappellano dos Santos

Abstract:VIOLENCE AGAINST THE ELDERLY: THE THIRD PART AS A PSYCHIC REGULATORThe paper proposes reflections on the idea that the ingress of a third part in the relationship marked by violence, especially against the elderly, contributes to alter the dysfunctional model and to stabilize the guiding moral behaviors boundaries. It is not to consider that the aggressor hesitates in front of a third part to avoid the social disapproval or the punishment, but it is to observe that the psyche loosens the bounds with the social conventions in the absence of an element which sustains the constitutive triangulation of the moral space especially in stressful situations. The theoretical readings related to the proposition are made from the psychoanalysis contributions mainly in which it refers to the updating of the paternal role; the systemic model, particularly due the changes that occur in the system when there are alterations in its composition; and the social learning regarding the exposure to models to be adopted as source of vicarious schooling. It still proposes reflections over the aging context in the contemporary society, considering the increase on the number of elderly people, the demands of work which take to the deflation of the inner space in the family and thelongevity as a collective reality that the mankind is not aware of and which requires to be signified, invented and appraised.Keywords: Violence. Elderly. Family. Society.Resumo:O trabalho propõe reflexões sobre a ideia de que o ingresso de um terceiro na relação marcada pela violência, em especial contra o idoso, contribui para alterar o modelo disfuncional, estabilizar os marcos morais norteadores do comportamento. Não se trata de considerar que o agressor contenha-se frente a um terceiro para evitar o rechaço social ou a punição, mas de observar que o psiquismo afrouxa os laços com as regras sociais na ausência de um elemento que sustente a triangulação constitutiva do espaço moral, especialmente, em situações de estresse. As leituras teóricas acerca da proposição são feiras a partir de contributos da psicanálise, sobretudo no que se refere à atualização da função paterna; do modelo sistêmico, particularmente no que tange à mudança do sistema quando de alterações em sua composição; e da aprendizagem social, relativamente à exposição à modelos a serem adotados como fonte de aprendizagem vicária. Propõe, ainda, reflexões sobre o contexto do envelhecimento na sociedade contemporânea, considerando o aumento do numero de pessoas idosas, as demandas de trabalho, esvaziando o interior do espaço familiar, e a longevidade como realidade coletiva que a humanidade não conhece e que precisa ser significada, inventada, valorada.Palavras-chave: Violência. Idoso. Família. Sociedade


Author(s):  
Nuraini Nuraini

[CORRELATION OF SMARTPHONE USE LEVEL WITH AN ANXIETY LEVEL OF TRAINING PARTICIPANTS]. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between smartphone use and participants’ anxiety of education and training program (Diklat/ Pendidikan dan Pelatihan), the level of smartphone use of Diklat’s participants, and the anxiety level of Diklat’s participants. This research method uses a survey with 106 training participants in the Education and Religious Technical Training Center as many as 106 people. The results of this study show that there is a very positive relationship between smartphone use and participants’ anxiety of Diklat. So, the higher the intensity of smartphone use, the higher the anxiety level, and vice versa the lower the intensity of smartphone use, the lower the anxiety level. Regarding the level of smartphone use of Diklat’s participants, 52% (55 people) were included in moderate level, 16% (17 people) were considered high level smartphone users, and 32% (34 people) of the participants were low level users. Then, the results of the study for anxiety levels showed that 50 people (47%) of the participants had anxiety at a moderate level, 34 people (32%) had high level anxiety, and 22 people (21%) had low level anxiety. The more often the smartphone is used by them in daily life, the higher the level of anxiety experienced by them if they do not have access to their smartphone. Anxiety arises because they cannot send messages, browse, or make a call to people (such as family and friends). Even, the intensity of using smartphones is increasing now as there are many mobile applications that provide facilities for human life such as online transportation and mobile banking so that the absence of smartphones will increase anxiety


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