Study on the efficiency of a transducer for sonochemistry by calorimetry

Cylindrical Vessel ◽

Ultrasonic Power ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Reflected Waves ◽

Wide Range ◽

Chloroprene Rubber ◽

Abstract Sonochemistry is an effective method for initiation or enhancement of the chemical reactions by ultrasound in a wide range of applications. In this study, the efficiency of a sonochemistry transducer, defined as the ratio of ultrasonic power to electrical power, was investigated for different materials and the thicknesses of the vibration plate in the frequency range 22 kHz–2 MHz. The ultrasonic power was measured by calorimetry. To eliminate the influence of reflected waves, the transducer was attached to the side of a cylindrical vessel. The transducer with a stainless-steel vibration plate was more efficient than those with vibration plates of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic or chloroprene rubber. The efficiencies of the transducers also increased with decreasing thickness of the vibration plates. Langevin-type transducers were less efficient than the disk-type transducers.

Optimization of Laser Lap Joining between Stainless Steel 304 and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

Procedia Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.092 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 184 ◽

pp. 246-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatimah Syamilah Noh ◽

Harizam Mohd Zin ◽

Khalid Alnasser ◽

Nukman Yusoff ◽

Farazila Yusof

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Stainless Steel 304 ◽

An Overview of Acrylonitrile Production Methods: Comparison of Carbon Fiber Precursors and Marketing

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570193x16666190703130542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 570-588

Author(s):

Ehsan Firouzi ◽

Hassan Hajifatheali ◽

Ebrahim Ahmadi ◽

Mohammadreza Marefat

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Global Economy ◽

Living Standards ◽

Production Methods ◽

Wide Range ◽

The World ◽

Acrylic Fibers ◽

Acrylonitrile is a key precursor in the production of a wide range of products in the chemical industries. The major products of acrylonitrile include acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, acrylic fibers, and adiponitrile. The demand for the roduction of acrylonitrile is affected by the global economy but because of the development of living standards; the demand for producing acrylonitrile and its derivations are significantly increasing. So in 2016, China alone produced 32% of the world’s acrylonitrile, and its production is expected to have a 55% increase in 2021. Acrylonitrile and its derivations have wide applications in different industries like car manufacturing, electronics, aerospace, and textile. Considering the importance of the acrylonitrile precursor in the current world, in this study, we discuss and investigate its production processes, the obtained copolymers, and polyacrylonitrile production and its application in the carbon fibers and compare it with other carbon fiber precursors such as mesophase pitch and cellulose. We also focus on its marketing in the world.

Fused Particle Fabrication 3-D Printing: Recycled Materials’ Optimization and Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11081413 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1413 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Aubrey Woern ◽

Dennis Byard ◽

Robert Oakley ◽

Matthew Fiedler ◽

Samantha Snabes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Waste Plastics ◽

Recycled Materials ◽

Wide Range ◽

Print Materials ◽

Two Temperature ◽

Fused particle fabrication (FPF) (or fused granular fabrication (FGF)) has potential for increasing recycled polymers in 3-D printing. Here, the open source Gigabot X is used to develop a new method to optimize FPF/FGF for recycled materials. Virgin polylactic acid (PLA) pellets and prints were analyzed and were then compared to four recycled polymers including the two most popular printing materials (PLA and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) as well as the two most common waste plastics (polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP)). The size characteristics of the various materials were quantified using digital image processing. Then, power and nozzle velocity matrices were used to optimize the print speed, and a print test was used to maximize the output for a two-temperature stage extruder for a given polymer feedstock. ASTM type 4 tensile tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of each plastic when they were printed with a particle drive extruder system and were compared with filament printing. The results showed that the Gigabot X can print materials 6.5× to 13× faster than conventional printers depending on the material, with no significant reduction in the mechanical properties. It was concluded that the Gigabot X and similar FPF/FGF printers can utilize a wide range of recycled polymer materials with minimal post processing.

Innovative Development of Batch Dyed 3D Printed Acrylonitrile/Butadiene/Styrene Objects

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26216637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 6637

Author(s):

Suzana Kutnjak-Mravlinčić ◽

Ana Sutlović ◽

Martinia Ira Glogar ◽

Sanja Ercegović Ražić ◽

Damir Godec

Keyword(s):

Abrasion Resistance ◽

Creative Industries ◽

Added Value ◽

Disperse Dyes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Scientific Papers ◽

3D Printed ◽

Footwear Design ◽

According to the great impact of additive technology on the development of modern industry, a lot of research is being done to obtain 3D printed parts with better properties. This research is extremely important because there are no scientific papers in the field of post dyeing of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) 3D printed parts. The experiment was carried out using disperse dyes on ABS specimens. The obtained coloration of the specimens was in the primary colors (yellow, red, and blue) in the specified dyestuff concentration range and was evaluated using an objective CIELab system. Based on the obtained color parameters, remission values and Kubelka-Munk coefficient, dye mixtures and an ombre effect were performed to obtain patterns in the desired hues. Abrasion resistance of disperse dyed specimens was tested using different abrasive materials over a wide range of fineness to simulate different indoor and outdoor soils and was compared to abrasion resistance of specimens produced from the industrially dyed wire with the master batch. The results show that 3D printed ABS products can be produced in one or more desired shades with satisfactory abrasion resistance. This undoubtedly represents the added value of 3D printed ABS parts and extends their application to the field of creative industries and design, specifically footwear design.

Biodegradable Polymers for the Production of Prototypes

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.832.152 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 832 ◽

pp. 152-158

Author(s):

Juraj Beniak ◽

Miloš Matúš ◽

Peter Križan

Keyword(s):

Rapid Prototyping ◽

Biodegradable Polymers ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Biodegradable Materials ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Wide Range ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Technologies dedicated to the rapid prototyping uses a wide range of materials. The mostly used plastic materials are based on polymers. It is for example an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Nylon, Polycarbonate (PC), or composites based on different polymers. New devices designed for the production of a prototype models, based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) are able to work with environmentally friendly and biodegradable materials as Polylactic acid (PLA). The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of using materials based on organic polymers whose properties are comparable to conventionally used polymers. Presented are measured and statistically evaluated data related to basic properties of PLA material.

Feasibility Study of 3D Printed Materials for an Ammonia Emission Passive Sampler

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.37077/25200860.2021.34.sp1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 11-20

Author(s):

Sabrina Jaeman ◽

Khairudin Nurulhuda ◽

Adibah Mohd Amin ◽

Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman ◽

Hasfalina Che Man ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Passive Sampler ◽

Ammonia Emission ◽

Respiratory Problems ◽

Nh3 Emission ◽

3D Printed ◽

Printed Materials ◽

Ammonia (NH3) emission accounts for a loss of 10 to 60% of the total nitrogen input in rice fields. NH3 in the air reacts with sulphuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid to form ammonium salt, which increases the concentration of PM2.5 particles in the atmosphere. These fine particles can cause respiratory problems. A reliable NH3 sampler is important in order to quantify the NH3 emission. The objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of three 3D printed materials, namely acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene (PP) compared to stainless steel and glass, as the interior material of an NH3 passive sampler for use with the chemical-trap approach; Stainless steel and glass are typically used for construction of the NH3 passive sampler. The sample plates were coated with acetone with 3% oxalic acid and tested in closed static chambers with three different NH3 sources. ABS, PP and PLA tolerated the acetone solution with PP being the least reactive. However, PP heavily warped during 3D-printing resulting in a deformed shape. Performance of coated ABS plates in trapping NH3 is similar to stainless steel and glass plates.

Investigation the effect of pulsed laser parameters on the temperature distribution and joint interface properties in dissimilar laser joining of austenitic stainless steel 304 and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

Journal of Manufacturing Processes ◽

10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.10.021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 199-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yeping Peng ◽

Azeez A. Barzinjy ◽

Abdullah A.A.A. Al-Rashed ◽

Afshin Panjehpour ◽

Mehdi Mehrjou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Temperature Distribution ◽

Pulsed Laser ◽

Joint Interface ◽

Interface Properties ◽

Laser Joining ◽

Stainless Steel 304 ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steel 304 ◽

Study of Damage of the Specimens in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Based on a Static Damage Study and Damage by Unified Theory to Predict the Life of the Material

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.820.40 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 820 ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

Fatima Sabah ◽

Abderrazak En-Naji ◽

Achraf Wahid ◽

Mohamed El Ghorba ◽

Hamid Chakir

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Unified Theory ◽

Notched Specimens ◽

Wide Range ◽

Three Stages ◽

Cyclical Behavior ◽

Damage Study ◽

Good Agreement ◽

Plastics is very important in our lives; they used in all sectors from the high-performance industry to the mass-market industry. In this article, we will interest on the thermoplastic Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) polymer; this choice is justified by the compatibility of ABS with a wide range of materials. The aim of this work is to evaluate the damage and the reliability of ABS for predict its residual lifetime.To do this, we used notched specimens of ABS prepared according to the ASTM standard, these last one are subject to tensile test at different ray of notch, The experimental results obtained have allowed us to follow the evolution the ultimate stress and then to calculate the damage. Thereafter, it was possible to identify three stages of damage that can predict at first initiation of the damage and the critical damage. Therefore, be able to intervene in time for predictive maintenance. This study also includes a correlation between two methods of calculating the damage namely static damage and damage by unified theory and this by analogy to cyclical behavior. The comparison showed good agreement.

Tensile Behavior of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene at Different Temperatures

Advances in Polymer Technology ◽

10.1155/2020/8946591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Jiquan Li ◽

Yadong Jia ◽

Taidong Li ◽

Zhou Zhu ◽

Hangchao Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Response ◽

Glassy State ◽

Quantitative Relationship ◽

Tensile Behavior ◽

Fitting Method ◽

Wide Range ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Good Agreement ◽

Temperature greatly influences the mechanical response of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The tensile behavior of ABS was explored in this study. The tensile experiments were conducted at a wide range of temperatures (from 40°C to 130°C). A model was established to reveal the quantitative relationship between temperature and tensile behavior of ABS. The results of tensile experiments showed that tensile behavior of ABS exhibited glassy state and high-elastics state. The model was also divided into two parts that rely on the boundary of glass transition temperature, in which the parameters of the model were calculated by the fitting method. The model predictions showed a good agreement with the results of the experimental tensile test. This study provides the quantitative relationship between temperature and tensile behavior of ABS, which saves time and experimental costs.