scholarly journals Organization Social Practice and Performance in the Kenya National Police Service: A Case of Central Police Division, Nairobi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-89
Author(s):  
Isack Tenai ◽  
Philip Wambua
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Police Service ◽  
And Performance ◽  
National Police ◽  
Central Police

The National Police Service of Kenya has gone through numerous transformations which are aimed at making it more effective and socially aligned to the needs of the Kenyan population. The transformation has seen the renaming of the policing unit from Kenyan Police Force to its current name. The Strategy such as renaming the institution to National Police Service implies that the institution is improving its commitment to improve service delivery to the citizens in a favorable social framework. However, minimal studies have been done to determine the existence of any relationship between organizational social practices and performance of the police institution. Therefore, the current study was formulated to establish the influence of organizational social practices on the performances of the National Police Service. The independent variables of the study included leadership style, organization structure, professionalism, and organization politics. Practice and system theories were reviewed alongside relevant sources of empirical literatures were reviewed to give the current studies sound theoretical and empirical foundations. Descriptive research design was used to guide collection, analysis, and interpretation of the research data. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data was collected from 150 police officers who were purposively sampled from Central Police Division in Nairobi County. A combination of descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to establish the current trends of the study variables and relationships thereof. The study found out that the respondents were in agreement with almost statements on the four organizational social practices including leadership style, organization structure, and professionalism and organization politics. Leadership style and professionalism were established to have the highest impact (0.300; p= 0.000) and the least impact (0.093; p=0.000) respectively. Organization politics, on the other hand had a significant negative impact (-0.254; p=0.001) on the NPS performance. The study concludes that the main belief or attitude influencing leadership style is the perceived manager versus subordinates’ role. Effective decision making is improved by decentralization, narrow control span and efficiency relate positively, task routine positively and negatively affect productivity. A respectful culture is fostered by professionalism, which ensure proper handling of conflicts. Boundaries are clearly understood and minor issues solve efficiently and respectfully by professional employees. Workers are motivated with the hope that there won’t be hampering of their interest due to existence of organizational politics. Employee’s indiscipline may be resisted by the organizational politics’ help. The study recommends that transactional and transformative leadership be embraced by national police service to assist in tapping the workers’ potential, they should be involved in making decisions and new idea be welcomed into the system for positive contribution to the entities’ exponential performance. National police service should adopt an efficient, simple and universally accepted organizational structure. Employees at national police service should exercise workplace expectations and rules by following all workplace rules, completing all projects and tasks and understanding what is expected of them. Delegation of duties depending on employees’ academic achievements, specialization and interests. Transparency must be maintained at all levels to reduce politics.

scholarly journals Practices of Piety: An Alternative Approach to the Study of Islamic Movements

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Aaron Rock-Singer
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Do So

This article challenges the dominant organization-centered focus of the study of Islamic movements, and argues for a turn towards social practice. To do so, it traces the rise and spread of Egypt’s leading Salafi movement, Ansar al-Sunna al-Muhammadiyya (e. 1926) and its role in popularizing a series of distinct practices between 1940 and 1990. Based on the full run of this movement’s magazine, al-Hadi al-Nabawi (the Prophetic Guide, 1936–66) and al-Tawhid (Monolatry, 1973–93), the article explores the conditions in which practices such as praying in shoes and bareheaded, gender segregation and the cultivation of a fist-length beard were both politically viable and strategically advantageous. In doing so, it not only casts light on the trajectory of this movement, but also shows how and why the articulation and performance of distinct social practices are central to how Islamic movements shape society.

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PENATAAN RUANG KOTA PADANG

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidya Agusti
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this study are: 1. To explain the presence or absence of influence of leadership style, work motivation and work discipline on the performance of employees Public Works Department and Spatial Planning Padang City. 2. Measuring the magnitude of the influence of leadership style, organizational culture and organizational commitment to the performance of employees of Public Works and Spatial Planning Padang City. This research was conducted in August 2017 at Public Works Department and Spatial Planning of Padang City The samples used in this study were 83 respondents. The independent variable in this research is Leadership Style (X1), Work Motivation (X2) and Work Discipline (X3). The dependent variable is Employee Performance (Y) Data collection techniques are questionnaires. Data analysis techniques using Descriptive Analysis and Inferential Analysis. To know the influence of independent variable to dependent variable partially, used t test. While to know the influence of independent variable to dependent variable simultaneously, used F test. The assumption used in validity test is if R-count> R-table item declared valid. The R-arithmetic shown in the table above, from each item indicates that R-arithmetic> R-table so the item is declared valid. Leadership Style (X1), Work Motivation (X2), Work Discipline (X3) and Performance (Y) Valid. All of the research variables had Cronbach's alpha values above 0.70 and thus expressed reliably or reliably. The value of Cronbach's alpha variable Leadership Style (X1) is 0.857, Job Motivation (X2) is 0.813, Job Discipline (X3) is 0.736, and the performance variable (Y) is 0.844. In the hypothesis testing of the study found the result that the significance value of leadership style variable (X1) is with the value (sign β = 0,049, p <0,05), Work Motivation variable (X2) with value (sign β = 0.001 p <0.05) , and Work Discipline variable (Y) with value (sign β = 0,041 p <0,05). With the finding of sign β above mentioned, it is stated that Leadership Style (X1), Work Motivation (X2) and Work Discipline (X3) have a significant effect on performance (Y) of Public Works and Spatial Planning Official of Padang City. The magnitude of the influence of the three variables on the performance of employees of Public Works Department and Spatial Planning Padang City is 27.8% (R2 = 0.278).

Global Perspectives on Orchestras

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Colonial Histories ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Orchestral Musicians

This book adopts global perspectives on orchestras. It draws on ethnographic, historical and comparative approaches to analyze a variety of orchestral traditions (such as symphony, steel, Indonesian gamelan, Indian film and Vietnamese court). It discusses how orchestras are embedded in socio-historical and economic contexts, and highlights intercultural, compositional and rehearsal processes. The chapters describe orchestral creativity and performance politics. Key considerations are how orchestral musicians work together and organizational infrastructures shaping the orchestra as an institution. Orchestral musicians' testimonies are included to give practitioners' views. The study of orchestras contributes to developing global music histories and comparative theorization within ethnographic disciplines. This book offers timely insights into the connections between orchestras, colonial histories, postcolonial practices, and comparative theorizations to generate appreciation of orchestral performance as a creative, political and social practice.

Influence of the perceived size of a light source on non-visual effects in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Arvid Niemeyer ◽  
Lucia Rottmair ◽  
Cornelius Neumann ◽  
Cornelius Möckel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Measurement Point ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Light Measurement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractLight not only enables humans to perceive their surroundings, but also influences their sleep–wake cycle, mood, concentration and performance. Targeted use of these so called nonvisual effects could also have a positive contribution in automobiles by keeping passengers alert, minimizing error rates or bootsting attention in general. Since construction space in vehicle interios is scarce, this study compared the influence of differently-sized light panels and thus solid angles on nonvisual effects. In a counterbalanced order, 32 volunteers were exposed to three lighting conditions in the morning: baseline (12 lx, 2200 K), small (200 lx, 6500 K, 0.05 sr) and large (200 lx, 6500 K, 0.44 sr). During each session of 60 min, alertness, concentration and working memory were assessed before and during light exposure. After data analysis no significant main effects of light, measurement point or interaction between light and measurement point could be seen.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN IMPROVING LECTURER PERFORMANCE AT MUHAMMADIYAH HIGHER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Saipul Wakit ◽  
Indah Yuliana ◽  
Indah Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Transformative Leadership ◽  
Intellectual Stimulation ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
Individual Consideration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style

The transformational leadership style in higher education has four indicators carried out by the rector. These indicators include exemplary attitudes, inspiring motivation, intellectual stimulation and the rector's consideration for lecturers. Practically, the purpose of this article is to find out how the rector provides examples, inspires motivation and individual considerations in improving the performance of lecturers at Muhammadiyah universities. The operational research method uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological case study design. Data collection activities were carried out by means of observation, interviews with informants, and extracting information from documents. To ensure the validity of the research data, several methods are used, namely credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The results of the study explain that transformative leadership in Muhammadiyah universities objectively has provided an example with several things that are applied in attitudes, ideas, behavior and performance. While motivation is carried out by the Chancellor of the lecturers in several ways, namely through behavior, technical ability, supervision and policy. In stimulating the intellectuals of lecturers in several ways, namely to think modern and relevant, think forward and continue to make changes as well as productive, innovative, creative in carrying out tasks and performance. In individual consideration, the Chancellor is more humane towards lecturers, both in the work environment and in the community.

Postface: Brokerage as social practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 092137402110340
Author(s):  
Thomas Bierschenk
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Equal Distance ◽  
Social Type ◽  
Strong Concept

This postface argues for a narrow and analytically strong concept of brokerage, which is oriented towards the classical definition by Boissevain. His ideal type emphasises the agency of brokers who actively pursue their own interests and act at an equal distance to the groups between which they mediate. Furthermore, the text argues for thinking of brokerage as a bundle of social practices instead of as brokers in the sense of a social type. While few social actors are fully-fledged brokers, many of them engage in brokerage.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1044-1095
Author(s):  
Can ERERDİ ◽  
Esra ÜNLÜASLAN DURGUN
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Leadership Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
And Performance

In the last few years, due to the surge in the attention towards leadership and the lack of a review mapping the effects of leadership on organizational performance, we believe its coherent to provide a clear review on leadership and how it affects organizational performance. This paper aims to review empirical studies on leadership and organizational performance with the aim of constructing a comprehensive model to conceptualize existing literature. The authors reviewed main journals with impact factor of over 2 and all Leadership titled SSCI journals. As a result, 687 studies published between 1957 and 2017 were analyzed, out of which 486 met the criteria of being empirical studies on leadership and performance. Out of the 486, 20 articles used Organizational Performance as their dependent variable, thus were included in our model. In doing so, the authors aim to extend the field in three ways: First, based on their review, the authors mapped a comprehensive model of the effects of leadership style and leadership characteristics through moderators and organizational mediators on organizational performance. Second, the authors, through vigorous examination, display and evaluate existing variables and measures on leadership and organizational performance within the literature. Finally, the authors aim to contribute to the field by presenting a detailed future research agenda and practical considerations for managerial implications.

scholarly journals Ethical Codes as Instruments for Cooperative Sustainability

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nooraslinda Abdul Aris ◽  
Rohana Othman ◽  
Safawi Abdul Rahman ◽  
Marziana Madah Marzuki ◽  
Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Desirable Behavior

Numerous ethical breaches have made cooperatives, and their management endures pressure to improve their image and ethical performance. One of the ways identified is by adopting ethical codes. Codes are regarded as instruments to enhance social responsibility that contain open guidelines describing desirable behavior and closed guidelines prohibiting certain behaviors. Codes clarify the norms and values organizations seek to uphold. Regarded as social enterprises, cooperatives are compelled to scale up their operations for sustainability reasons towards positive contribution to the national economy. Past research on ethical codes affecting behavior, attitude and performance has yielded mixed results. In addition, there are very few studies devoted to cooperatives. This paper presents the results of scientific literature, highlighting how ethical codes and sustainability may progressively improve the cooperatives’ image and reputation in the eyes of the stakeholders.     Keywords: ethical codes, social responsibility, sustainability, cooperative

scholarly journals Factors influencing job satisfaction among academic staffs

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Choon Hee Ong ◽  
Chong Hui Shi ◽  
Tan Owee Kowang ◽  
Goh Chin Fei ◽  
Lim Lee Ping
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Hierarchy Theory ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Lmx Theory ◽  
Management Leadership ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between pay and benefits, work environment, top management leadership, workload and job satisfaction among academic staffs in a private academic institution in Malaysia. Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy theory and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory were used to establish the theoretical framework of this study. Questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data which yielded 82 responses in this study. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to perform data analysis throughout the study. All study variables were found to have significant positive relationships with job satisfaction among academic staffs in the selected institution. Top management leadership was discovered to have the most significant relationship with job satisfaction. The findings of this research provide a clear message to the top management that leadership plays an important role in enhancing job satisfaction of the academic staffs. Hence, it is suggested that the institution management should adopt appropriate leadership style and establish effective strategies and policies that aim to increase job satisfaction and performance of the academic staffs.

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