scholarly journals МОДЕЛЬ БІЗНЕСУ НІМЕЦЬКОГО БАНКУ РОЗВИТКУ KFW

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Свистун А.О.
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
German Development ◽  
National Economic ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Operations Account

An analysis of the German development bank’s business model indicates that KfW does not compete with commercial banks that are partners for it. That is, his business is based on the fundamental principle of subsidiarity. Thus, the National Development Bank helps to eliminate the shortcomings of the market mechanism, and among the priorities is the support of small and medium-sized businesses. Despite the global nature of its activities, 84% of the bank’s operations account for the national economy, and a significant part of international projects is aimed primarily at supporting the economic interests of the national producer. With very few exceptions, such as municipal financing, KfW does not interact with the client directly, but supports intermediary banks and assumes risks by offering financing that would not be available or at least not provided in the absence of such a development bank. conditions. KfW loans complement banks’ loan offers and make possible projects that would not have been implemented without this contribution. The example of Germany makes it clear what exactly should be an acceptable national development bank for Ukraine: such an institution has clear mandates, well managed to perform its functions, to achieve maximum impact on development, not profit, but providing a sufficient profit margin for investment attractiveness, coverage possible losses and expansion of operations. Such an institution is able to ensure the independence of national economic policy. (industrial, investment, infrastructure and financial inclusion). The key challenge is the ability of the national development bank to work effectively with private financial institutions and investors, regional and multilateral

Russia and Sanctions: The Transformational Domestic and International Effects of Unilateral Restrictive Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-502
Author(s):  
Anastasia Likhacheva
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Risk Sensitive ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Restrictive Measures

Abstract Most studies of the US, EU and Ukraine’s sanctions against Russia and Russian counter sanctions focus on their immediate and intended effects and apply these to make judgements about their efficacy. However, the complex consequences of sanctions go far beyond the target countries’ immediate reactions, as sanctions have positive and negative spillover effects that are rarely acknowledged in official discourse, which focuses on issues of the sanction regimes’ legitimacy and effectiveness. Vulnerability to sanctions leads target countries to reposition their domestic and international priorities. This article will examine three critical ‘collateral effects’ of Western sanctions and Russian counter sanctions. First, they serve as a catalyst for Moscow’s efforts to diversify economic relationship through international projects such as the EAEU, BRICS, and the “Pivot to the East.” Second, they have triggered more risk-sensitive policies in the provision of national economic security, particularly when it comes to finance. Finally, they serve as a transformational tool for national development strategies both at the industrial and regional levels.

scholarly journals International Financial Institutions Ask to Contribute to Climate Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
G. Ahamer
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
National Development ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
German Development ◽  
Project Cycle ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
European Investment

The aim of this article is to show in which way international financial institutions (IFIs) can contribute to climate protection projects. The principles of IFIs’ project cycles are explained in the context of the new blending tool. The cooperation with other donors stands in the centre of EU project funding and the notion of leveraging allows to quantify the cooperative effect among different donors. The bulk of this article describes the most relevant IFIs and national development banks with an international focus: Green Climate Fund (GCF), European Investment Bank (EIB), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), French Development Agency (AFD), German Development Bank (KfW), World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). For all these IFIs, descriptions are provided and their main fields of actions identified. The procedure of application (the “project cycle”) is illustrated and an overview of their strategies is given. Thus, this article seeks to provide practical guidance on how to cooperate with IFIs and to direct funds into substantially valid and responsible climate projects.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF DEVELOPMENT BANKS ACTIVITIES AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF ECONOMIC SUCCESS (ON THE EXAMPLES OF GERMAN, ASIAN AND AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANKS)

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
S. S. Matveevskii
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Asian Development Bank ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
German Development ◽  
Asian Development ◽  
African Development ◽  
African Development Bank ◽  
Development Banks

The existence of a system for assessing the activities of development banks is a necessary condition for a significant contribution of banks to economic development. The article deals with the experience of evaluating the effectiveness of projects and activities of development banks on the examples of the German development Bank, the Asian development Bank and the African development Bank. It has been revealed, that development banks for the evaluation of projects, their activities apply financial and socio-economic indicators, which are used to improve the work of development banks. The basic requirements for the evaluation of projects and activities of development banks have been formulated. The practical experience of the German development Bank, the Asian development Bank and the African development Bank can be used by Vnesheconombank, which is confirmed by scientific studies of Russian authors.

scholarly journals DÜNYA BASININDA TÜRKİ YE’Nİ N S/İ HA GÜCÜ VE KÜRESEL Sİ YASETE YANSIMALARI

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-229
Author(s):  
Elif Nur TAŞ ◽  
Zeynep PARALI ◽  
Hatice Nur ÇETİN
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
National Development ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Systems

Technological innovations in the 􀏐ield of informatics, rapid developments in subjects such as arti􀏐icial intelligence and robotic engineering have put Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UCAV) into the battle􀏐ield of the 21st century. At this point, states whose common concerns are security have taken the path of both obtaining intelligence and developing unmanned aerial systems, whose use is rapidly increasing in the 􀏐ield of war-defense. It is known that many countries are currently working on developing and producing UAVs, beside United States of America (USA) and Israel which both have advanced unmanned aerial systems. Because states that are developing and manufacturing their own unmanned aerial systems are aware that this situation will provide a strategic advantage in terms of their military, political and economic interests. In this context, Turkey didn’t stay indifferent to the developments of unmanned aerial systems emerging in each passing day, it has made considerable momentum towards the last 􀏐ifteen years to develop national and indigenous UAV systems. Especially since mid-2010, these systems have been used ef􀏐iciently in both intra border operations and crossborder operations The main question of this article is how Turkey’s UAV/UCAV power is re􀏐lected in global politics and in this direction, world press will be scanned. In this context, this study will primarily explained by Turkey’s domestic and national development of unmanned aerial systems adventure in general terms; then Turkey’s use of these vehicles in where and for what purpose will be evaluated. Afterward it will be evaluated that how Turkey’s power of UAV/UCAV is perceived by other states in economic and military-political aspects by examining the relevant state press and publishing organizations Keywords: Turkey, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles, Press- Publishing Organizations.

scholarly journals Sukuk Dan Kontribusinya Dalam Pembiayaan Pembangunan

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Husnul Khatimah
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Debt ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
State Budget ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

This study analyzes the role of sukuk in national economic development. During this time the source of development financing consists of several kinds including taxes, bonds, foreign debt and Islamic bonds (sukuk). Sukuk has been developed in Indonesia since 2002 (published Indosat) and is still growing and the number of issuers are even greater. The research method using descriptive quantitative, data source in this research is secondary data obtained, balance of payments in the government, the state budget. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were processed using matrix comparison of the performance of sukuk and conventional bonds to finance national development. The role and contribution of sukuk to finance the construction has been increasing. In 2011 amounted to 34% of financing needs are met through sukuk. Until 2016 the proportion was 60%. Instead the role of foreign debt be decreased. In 2011 only 7%, and by 2016 the portion close to 0%.

Economics as a Public Mission

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-143
Author(s):  
Amy C. Offner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
National Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Specialized Form ◽  
National Economic Policy

This chapter focuses on John M. Hunter, the thirty-nine-year-old Illinois native who spoke as director of Colombia's first economic research center and addressed readers of one of Colombia's premier journals of economic research, the Revista del Banco de la República. It also talks about economics in Latin America. During the years after 1945, Colombian universities established freestanding economics programs where none had existed before. There had been men called economists in Colombia for decades; they were brilliant lawyers, engineers, businessmen, and politicians who made national economic policy and taught occasional courses in political economy on the side. But the crisis of the 1930s had inspired a new regard for economic expertise as a specialized form of knowledge, and Colombians set out to create a new kind of economist to steer the state. The invention of economics as an independent discipline, a nineteenth-century process in the United States and much of Europe, was thus a twentieth-century phenomenon in Latin America, born of new visions of national development and spearheaded by renowned men in business and government.

Debt reliance will undermine Laos's development

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
National Development ◽  
Asian Development Bank ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors ◽  
Preparatory Work

Significance Alongside loans, the sale will support energy infrastructure development, part of Vientiane's national development and economic growth plans; Laos has also started preparatory work for a high-speed rail link with China and Thailand. However, there are fears that the rail scheme might bankrupt the country (the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in 2012 described it as "unaffordable") while the IMF warned in January that Laos could face wider financial stress, including debt defaults, after years of rapid credit growth and mounting public liabilities. Impacts Ceding the rail project's management to China increases the risk of Laos losing control over its financial affairs. The railway is unlikely to spur significant development of Laos's mining, agriculture and manufacturing sectors. Pledging future mining revenues as payment for loans will erode Laos's government income and public services.

BNDES reform may shake up financing in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Corporate Executives ◽  
Car Wash ◽  
Legal Controls

Subject Reform of the National Development Bank. Significance While the ‘Operation Car Wash’ corruption probe continues to dominate the headlines with an ever-widening list of indicted government officials and corporate executives, many of Brazil’s major institutions, including the National Development Bank (BNDES), are also at the centre of the country's largest corruption scandal. The Bank’s central role at the heart of the nation’s financial system has long been criticised for insufficient legal controls and lack of full transparency. Impacts A backlash against BNDES changes can be expected from important interest groups. The BNDES’s future role may depend on the unpredictable outcome of the 2018 elections. If successful, the Bank’s reform could help lower interest rates and favour capital-markets development.

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