scholarly journals PDF: The "P" Stands for Problematic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Caffrey-Hill ◽  
Nathan Clark ◽  
Brent Davis ◽  
William Helman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
Limited Budget ◽  
File Formats ◽  
Level Of Effort ◽  
Document Format

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is one of the most common document file types in academia, both in the library and the classroom. Unfortunately, PDF poses unique barriers to accessibility, particularly for the visually impaired. Ensuring that all people can read PDF content can be complex and expensive. There are alternative formats that can be made accessible with a lower level of effort, providing a better experience for both the end reader and the document author. This article serves as a call to arms for higher education to migrate away from PDF and to urge the tech community to develop new file formats that lend themselves to enhanced accessibility on a limited budget.

scholarly journals An interactive and intuitive visualisation method for X-ray computed tomography data of biological samples in 3D Portable Document Format

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Tesařová ◽  
Eglantine Heude ◽  
Glenda Comai ◽  
Tomáš Zikmund ◽  
Markéta Kaucká ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portable Document Format ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Volumetric Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
File Formats ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
Visualisation Method ◽  
Document Format

Abstract 3D imaging approaches based on X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) have become increasingly accessible with advancements in methods, instruments and expertise. The synergy of material and life sciences has impacted biomedical research by proposing new tools for investigation. However, data sharing remains challenging as microCT files are usually in the range of gigabytes and require specific and expensive software for rendering and interpretation. Here, we provide an advanced method for visualisation and interpretation of microCT data with small file formats, readable on all operating systems, using freely available Portable Document Format (PDF) software. Our method is based on the conversion of volumetric data into interactive 3D PDF, allowing rotation, movement, magnification and setting modifications of objects, thus providing an intuitive approach to analyse structures in a 3D context. We describe the complete pipeline from data acquisition, data processing and compression, to 3D PDF formatting on an example of craniofacial anatomical morphology in the mouse embryo. Our procedure is widely applicable in biological research and can be used as a framework to analyse volumetric data from any research field relying on 3D rendering and CT-biomedical imaging.

Human Factors in Cybersecurity – Perspectives from Industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Lau ◽  
Robert Pastel ◽  
Melissa R Chapman ◽  
Jennifer Minarik ◽  
Jonathan Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Security Challenge ◽  
Level Of Effort ◽  
Human Factors Research

Today, cybersecurity is impacting every individual and industry, but the level of effort from the human factors community seems negligible compared to the magnitude of the current security challenge. This panel invites professionals in the healthcare, computer and network, higher education, and automotive industries to share experiences, lessons learned and solutions. The panel characterizes the security landscape in different industries and facilitate discussion on human factors research and applications to address the formidable security challenge.

Ensemble Classification System for Scientific Chart Recognition from PDF Files

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nagarajan ◽  
V. Karthikeyani
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
Ensemble Classification ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Separation Feature ◽  
Object Features ◽  
Document Format

Portable Document Format (PDF) is the most frequently used universal document format on the Internet and E-Publishing. Wide usage of PDF files has increased the need of conversion tools that convert PDF file content to text or HTML formats. A PDF converter can be categorized into two domains, namely, text recognition and graphics recognition. This paper focus on graphic recognition, especially chart type identification, which is concerned with developing algorithms that has the ability to determine the type of a given chart image from a PDF file. In the proposed system, initially an enhanced connected component and statistical feature based method is used to separate the chart region from other regions. The chart region is then analyzed and grouped as either 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional chart. After separating the graphic component from the text components, feature extraction is performed. The features can be grouped as object features, texture features and shape features. The combined feature vector is then classified using ensemble classification system. Experimental results show that the chart separation, feature extraction and ensemble classification models significantly improve the quality of chart identification.

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