Attitude of General Public, Family Members, and Health Professionals Towards People With Intellectual Disabilities (PWID)

2022 ◽  
pp. 1323-1350
Author(s):  
Mythili Hazarika ◽  
Sandamita Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Public ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Stakeholder Attitudes

Attitude defines one's behavior towards the people with intellectual disability (PWID). History on PWID indicates influence of psycho-social, biological, religious, and educational factors for the existence of stereotypical attitudes. But since the early part of the 21st century efforts have been reported across countries in integrating the PWID in the community at large. Families of PWID undergo high levels of stress and emotional reactions which call for intervention. Families often adopt strategies to hide the existence of a disability, which delays the treatment and rehabilitation of PWID. Also, stakeholder attitudes towards them highly influences their rehabilitation and integration in the mainstream society. Hence, this chapter is an attempt to focus on the importance of attitude towards individuals with intellectual disability by general public, family members, teachers, students, employers, and health professionals and its implications and further recommendations for the betterment of their condition.

Attitude of General Public, Family Members, and Health Professionals Towards People With Intellectual Disabilities (PWID)

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-235
Author(s):  
Mythili Hazarika ◽  
Sandamita Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Public ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Stakeholder Attitudes

Attitude defines one's behavior towards the people with intellectual disability (PWID). History on PWID indicates influence of psycho-social, biological, religious, and educational factors for the existence of stereotypical attitudes. But since the early part of the 21st century efforts have been reported across countries in integrating the PWID in the community at large. Families of PWID undergo high levels of stress and emotional reactions which call for intervention. Families often adopt strategies to hide the existence of a disability, which delays the treatment and rehabilitation of PWID. Also, stakeholder attitudes towards them highly influences their rehabilitation and integration in the mainstream society. Hence, this chapter is an attempt to focus on the importance of attitude towards individuals with intellectual disability by general public, family members, teachers, students, employers, and health professionals and its implications and further recommendations for the betterment of their condition.

scholarly journals Predictors of access to healthcare professionals for people with intellectual disability in Ireland

2020 ◽  
pp. 174462952093783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Doyle ◽  
Michael O’Sullivan ◽  
Sarah Craig ◽  
Roy McConkey
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Skill Mix ◽  
Residential Settings ◽  
The People ◽  
Service Models ◽  
Professional Resources

The Irish National Intellectual Disability Database is updated annually and in 2017 contained records for nearly 22,000 persons aged 15 years and over. Information was extracted on the contacts each person had with one of eight health professionals in the years 2007, 2012 and 2017. Over these years, there was an increase in the number of people in contact with any professional or with four and more professionals. Nevertheless, the people less likely to have contact were those with milder forms of intellectual disability, persons living with family carers or independently and those linked to smaller provider agencies. By contrast, the odds of people with more severe disability in residential settings were up to eight times greater for having contact with four or more different professionals. As demand for healthcare grows due to increased longevity and service models shift to the community, redeployment of existing professional resources will be needed along with a review of the skill mix.

Attitude towards People with Intellectual Disabilities (PWID)

2016 ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mythili Hazarika ◽  
Sandamita Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Loss Of Face ◽  
Unconditional Positive Regard ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination

History on PWID indicates influence of various psycho-social, biological, religious and educational factors for the existence of stereotypical attitudes towards PWID. Across the world until the mid-80's they were a marginalized group of people who were discriminated from others' who considered themselves as “normal”. But since the early part of the 21st century significant efforts have been reported across countries in integrating and mainstreaming the PWID in the community at large. To attain this challenging milestone attitude plays a very significant role. Families of PWID undergo high levels of stress and emotional reactions resulting from daily care demands, emotional distress, interpersonal difficulties (family discord), financial hardships as well as social isolation which call for intervention not just for the intellectually disabled but also with the family members. Positive attitude among the health and all professionals with humane qualities such as empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard towards the PWID leads to positive expectation and better outcome. Interestingly in developing countries stereotypes are based on ignorance and families find it extremely difficult to disclose the presence of Intellectual Disability (ID) as it is considered to be a ‘loss of face'' and is believed to tarnish the family reputation. Hence, families often adopt strategies to hide the existence of a disability, which in turn delays the treatment, and rehabilitation of PWID. Along with parents and family members other stakeholders like siblings and relatives, teachers, educationists, health professionals and general public's attitudes towards them are highly influential factors for their rehabilitation and integration in the mainstream community. Hence, this chapter is an attempt to focus on the importance of attitude that determines the course towards acceptance of PWID. The authors' focus is on the various perceptions towards intellectual disability and the implications of the favorable and unfavorable attitudes towards PWID since the Egyptian era in developed and developing nations. Further, the recommendations provided are for the policymakers and stakeholders to design intervention programs to alter people's attitude towards acceptance and compassion towards PWID. This is believed to help in their rehabilitation, and integration into the society at all levels and thereby reduces the prejudice and discrimination towards them.

Attitude towards People with Intellectual Disabilities (PWID)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1760-1785
Author(s):  
Mythili Hazarika ◽  
Sandamita Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Loss Of Face ◽  
Unconditional Positive Regard ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination

History on PWID indicates influence of various psycho-social, biological, religious and educational factors for the existence of stereotypical attitudes towards PWID. Across the world until the mid-80's they were a marginalized group of people who were discriminated from others' who considered themselves as “normal”. But since the early part of the 21st century significant efforts have been reported across countries in integrating and mainstreaming the PWID in the community at large. To attain this challenging milestone attitude plays a very significant role. Families of PWID undergo high levels of stress and emotional reactions resulting from daily care demands, emotional distress, interpersonal difficulties (family discord), financial hardships as well as social isolation which call for intervention not just for the intellectually disabled but also with the family members. Positive attitude among the health and all professionals with humane qualities such as empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard towards the PWID leads to positive expectation and better outcome. Interestingly in developing countries stereotypes are based on ignorance and families find it extremely difficult to disclose the presence of Intellectual Disability (ID) as it is considered to be a ‘loss of face'' and is believed to tarnish the family reputation. Hence, families often adopt strategies to hide the existence of a disability, which in turn delays the treatment, and rehabilitation of PWID. Along with parents and family members other stakeholders like siblings and relatives, teachers, educationists, health professionals and general public's attitudes towards them are highly influential factors for their rehabilitation and integration in the mainstream community. Hence, this chapter is an attempt to focus on the importance of attitude that determines the course towards acceptance of PWID. The authors' focus is on the various perceptions towards intellectual disability and the implications of the favorable and unfavorable attitudes towards PWID since the Egyptian era in developed and developing nations. Further, the recommendations provided are for the policymakers and stakeholders to design intervention programs to alter people's attitude towards acceptance and compassion towards PWID. This is believed to help in their rehabilitation, and integration into the society at all levels and thereby reduces the prejudice and discrimination towards them.

scholarly journals MAUS-TRATOS EM IDOSOS: PERFIL DAS VÍTIMAS, VÍNCULO COM O AGRESSOR E ATUAÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Medeiros Silva Grilo ◽  
Império Lombardi Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Psychological Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The People ◽  
Patient Relations ◽  
Professional Patient Relations

Resumo: O envelhecimento populacional vem aumentando nos últimos anos e consequentemente junto a isso estão associados o aumento das doenças crônicas, dependência e os maus tratos aos idosos. Objetivou-se com este estudo identificar quais as causas de maus-tratos em idosos, onde ocorrem e quais as pessoas responsáveis por esses maus-tratos. Estudos apontam que quanto ao perfil das vítimas, as mulheres são as que mais sofrem com os maus-tratos/ violência, a violência física é a mais relatada, seguida da violência psicológica, a pessoa que mais pratica os tipos de maus-tratos/violência contra o idoso são os filhos seguidos pelos demais membros da família, o local onde mais ocorrem os abusos é no domicílio e os profissionais de saúde precisam de qualificação para identificar maus-tratos/violência no idoso. Concluímos que a avaliação dos riscos relacionados aos maus-tratos contra os idosos é imprescindível, pois através dos mesmos poderá ser prestada uma assistência adequada.Descritores: maus-tratos ao idoso, violência, relações profissional-paciente.Abstract: The aging population has increased in recent years and consequently along with it are associated the increase in chronic diseases, addiction and mistreatment of elderly. The objective of this study was to identify the causes of ill-treatment in the elderly, where they occur and what the people responsible for this abuse. Studies indicate that the profile of the victims, women are the most affected by the abuse / violence, physical violence is the most reported, followed by psychological abuse, the person who most practical types of abuse / violence against the elderly are the children followed by other family members, where the abuse is occurring in the home and health professionals need skills to identify abuse / violence in the elderly. We conclude that the assessment of risks related to the maltreatment of the elderly is essential because through them can be given appropriate assistance.Keywords: elder abuse, violence, professional-patient relations.

scholarly journals Elite Decision-making and International Law: Promises and Perils of the Behavioral Revolution

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Law ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Public ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Direct Study ◽  
The People ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Actual Decision

A growing body of research applies behavioral approaches to the study of international law, mainly by studying convenience samples of students or other segments of the general public. Alongside the promises of this agenda are concerns about applying findings from non-elite populations to the people, and groups of people, charged with most real-world decision-making in the domain of law and governance. This concern is compounded by the fact that it is extremely difficult to recruit these actual decision-makers in a way that allows for direct study.

From Vulnerable Health Habitus to Tough Health Habitus Against Covid-19 in Inang-Inang at The Traditional Markets in Medan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
Hadriana Marhaeni Munthe ◽  
Lina Sudarwati
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Government

The term, 'inang-inang pasar' is referred to Bataknese market female vendors who sell basic commodities in the traditional urban markets. They have the image of hard working and tough vendors who fight against poverty in towns. Their activities as vendors in traditional markets indicate their strategic role of women as the agents of economic resilience and the agents of health security in their families. Here, their toughness in supporting their families by being vendors at Sembada traditional market, Medan. However, their toughness becomes a dilemma caused by Covid-19 pandemic. In this case, the government implement prokes (health protocol) from 3Ms to 5 Ms (wearing masks, washing hands, doing social distancing, avoiding crowd, and staying home), including in the area of the traditional markets where they sell their merchandise. The Prokes of Covid-19 in traditional markets have caused various responses from them. The reality is that they have not been ready to practice the policy on this 5 M Prokes since most of them lack of awareness of adhering to it due to the vulnerable of their health habitus. It seems that they can become the carriers and local transmitters of Covid-19. This situation worsens their condition and the people surrounding them such as their own family members. Keywords: Habitus, Covid-19, Inang-Inang, Traditional Market

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