THE POTENTIAL OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN THE RESEARCH OF PEDAGOGICAL PHENOMENA

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
A.V. Starkova ◽  
◽  
Yu.B. Drobotenko ◽  

The publication is devoted to the study of the potential of the discourse analysis method for conducting pedagogical research. The authors substantiate the relevance and importance of using discourse analysis when working with modern pedagogical sources of information within the framework of the discursive approach. Particular attention is paid to working with theoretical sources of information. Arguments are given in favor of the universality and interdisciplinarity of the described method, and its advantages over traditional methods are described. The technique of discourse analysis from a three-level system is described. The authors emphasize the importance of discourse analysis in the interdisciplinary research and outline the prospects for further research in the field of pedagogical science methodology. Recommendations of the research work design for a novice teacher-researcher are offered.

Author(s):  
Алексей Геннадьевич Донской ◽  
Ирина Дмитриевна Борченко ◽  
Сергей Александрович Ларюшкин ◽  
Ольга Борисовна Дударева

Введение. Реализация современной модели образования требует от педагогических работников владения определенными навыками научно-исследовательской работы и использования научно обоснованных форм и методов в своей профессиональной деятельности. Опора на науку должна позволить достичь требуемого качества образования и тем самым обеспечить выполнение социального и государственного заказа перед системой образования. В настоящее время существуют серьезные проблемы, касающиеся воспроизводимости процесса и результатов педагогических исследований. В этой связи при исполнении требования достижения качества образования педагоги сталкиваются с серьезной проблемой, а именно с кризисом воспроизводимости. Кризис воспроизводимости – это серьезный методологический кризис, суть которого заключается в невозможности повторить результаты исследований, которые были ранее опубликованы, или невозможность повторить само исследование (по техническим и иным причинам). Чаще всего это обусловлено отсутствием или недостаточной представленностью следующих элементов педагогических исследований: наличие эксперимента, четкое описание планирования и хода эксперимента, проверяемые данные – когда непонятно, что, каким образом и в каких условиях воспроизводить. Цель – научно обосновать целесообразность экстраполяции метода метаанализа из доказательной медицины в педагогические исследования в качестве инструмента для повышения воспроизводимости как экспериментов, так и получаемых результатов в педагогических исследованиях. Материал и методы. Основой методологии исследования стали следующие методы: изучение и анализ литературы, аналитического обобщения, прогнозирования, абстрагирования, аналогии, измерения, синтезирование данных, обобщение, моделирование, аналогии, статистической обработки полученной информации. После того, как были рассмотрены основные причины, вызывающие кризис воспроизводимости в науке, в качестве средства минимизации негативного влияния кризиса воспроизводимости обосновано применение метода метаанализа в педагогических исследованиях. Результаты и обсуждение. Проанализирована актуальная литература по проблематике исследования. Изучены и обобщены сущностные черты и причины кризиса воспроизводимости в педагогических исследованиях. Установлено, что кризис воспроизводимости носит междисциплинарный характер. Актуализирована проблема поиска средств минимизации негативного влияния кризиса воспроизводимости на развитие педагогических исследований. В качестве такого средства рассмотрен метаанализ и выдвинуто предположение о целесообразности его экстраполяции из медицины в педагогические исследования. Проанализированы теоретические и практические аспекты применения метода метаанализа. Выведены определения понятий «метаанализ» и «систематический обзор». Установлено, что метаанализ пересекается и частично включает в себя элементы таких методов и технологий, как контент-анализ, прикладная наукометрия, блокчейн. Рассмотрены организационные и содержательные особенности метаанализа, позволяющие применять данный метод для оценки качества педагогических исследований. Предложен контурный план метаанализа научных публикаций, отражающих результаты педагогических исследований. Выдвинут ряд дискуссионных положений, которые могли бы стать основанием для дальнейших исследований. Намечен путь комплексного изучения инструментов минимизации негативного влияния кризиса воспроизводимости в педагогических науках. Заключение. Обосновано применение метаанализа в качестве эффективного инструмента: 1) оценки качества педагогических исследований; 2) планирования и организации эксперимента; 3) представления результатов эмпирических исследований в педагогике. Introduction. The implementation of the modern model of education requires teaching staff to possess certain skills in research work and to use scientifically grounded forms and methods in their professional activities. It seems that reliance on science should make it possible to achieve the required quality of education and thereby ensure the fulfillment of the social and state order for the education system. In particular, it is necessary to fix the fact that in empirical research used in science, there are, today, serious problems regarding the reproducibility of the process and the results of pedagogical research. In this regard, in fulfilling the requirement to achieve the quality of education, which is verified, first of all, by empirical research, teachers are faced with a serious problem, namely, with a crisis of reproducibility. The reproducibility crisis is a serious methodological crisis, the essence of which is the impossibility of repeating the results of studies that were previously published or the impossibility of repeating the study itself (for technical and other reasons). Most often, this is due to the absence or insufficient representation of the following elements of pedagogical research: the presence of an experiment, a clear description of the planning and course of the experiment, verifiable data – when it is not clear what, how and in what conditions to reproduce. The goal is to scientifically substantiate the feasibility of extrapolating the meta-analysis method from evidencebased medicine to pedagogical research as a tool to increase the reproducibility of both experiments and the results obtained in pedagogical research. Material and methods. The research methodology is based on the following methods: study and analysis of literature, analytical generalization, forecasting, abstraction, analogy, measurement, data synthesis, generalization, modeling, analogy, statistical processing of the information received. After the main reasons causing the crisis of reproducibility in science were considered, the use of the meta-analysis method in pedagogical research was substantiated as a means of minimizing the negative impact of the crisis of reproducibility. Results and discussion. The current literature on the research problem is analyzed from different positions. The essential features and causes of the crisis of reproducibility in pedagogical research have been studied and generalized. It was found that the crisis of reproducibility is interdisciplinary in nature. The problem of finding means to minimize the negative impact of the crisis of reproducibility on the development of pedagogical research is actualized. As such a tool, a meta-analysis is considered and an assumption is made about the advisability of extrapolating the method of meta-analysis from medicine to pedagogical research. The theoretical and practical aspects of the application of the meta-analysis method are considered. The definitions of the concepts of meta-analysis and a systematic review are derived. It was found that meta-analysis intersects and partially includes elements of such methods and technologies as content analysis, applied scientometrics, blockchain. The organizational and substantive features of the meta-analysis are considered, which make it possible to apply this method to assess the quality of pedagogical research. As a practical justification for the applicability of the method, a contour plan for the meta-analysis of scientific publications reflecting the results of pedagogical research is proposed. A number of controversial provisions that could become the basis for further research is put forward. A way is outlined for a comprehensive study of tools to minimize the negative impact of the crisis of reproducibility in pedagogical sciences. Conclusion. The has been substantiated the use of meta-analysis as an effective tool for: 1) assessing the quality of pedagogical research; 2) planning and organizing the experiment; 3) presentation of the results of empirical research in pedagogy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3356-3371
Author(s):  
Negesse Gessese

This research examines the agenda and frames used by the Reporter newspaper editorial coverage of issues and actors before and after the reform in Ethiopia. The study applies a quantitative content analysis method and examined 99 (Period 1 = 57 and Period 2 = 42) editorials in all periods. The source of data and the period of data collection were purposely selected. The results indicated that societal issues, government, and party issues were frequent in both periods. The professional journalist was the only Author in both periods. More government criticism and more reforms were mentioned before the reform. Compared with editorials published before and after the reform, noticeable changes were observed in government critique, attribution of responsibility frames, human interest frames and economic issue frames. However, content selection, sources of information, mentioned reforms, conflict relationship frames, and ideological frames didn’t have relationship with the date of publication. Finally, the Reporter editorials coverage did change significantly in many respects, although it is difficult to determine the causes of the changes—economic factors, reduced political control, social changes or globalization forces.


2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110201
Author(s):  
Alison Hicks ◽  
Annemaree Lloyd

Previous research has demonstrated that professional narratives reference discourses that shape the practice of information literacy within higher education. This article uses discourse analysis method to identify how information literacy discourses construct and position teaching librarians within higher education. Texts analysed include four recent English-language models of information literacy and 16 textbooks. Analysis suggests the existence of two distinct narratives related to the role, expertise and professional practice of teaching librarians. In the outward-facing narrative librarian work is typically absent from guidelines for practice. In contrast, book introductions, which constitute the inward-facing narrative, centre professional librarians yet simultaneously position them as incompetent, or as lacking the skills and understandings that they need to be effective in this setting. These narratives constitute a form of othering that threatens professional practice at a time when the professionalisation of librarianship is being drawn into question. This article represents the second in a research programme that interrogates the epistemological premises and discourses of information literacy within higher education.


To legitimize US invasion of Iraq, Bush fabricated fake intelligence reports, and depended solely on propaganda; he manipulated language in a well-calculated manner; most particularly, the metaphors chosen and devised for his speeches were such that convinced the US citizens about the legitimacy of the invasion, elicited financial support of the European allies and moral support of the majority of the world community. This research work used discourse analysis to study the metaphors that were used by George Bush in the speeches he made on 8 different occasions, and the theoretical framework used in it is the combination of critical discourse analysis CDA with postcolonial theory concept of orientalism.It utilized both qualitative and quantitative data collection tools.It found that most of the task was accomplished through the linguistic manipulation in the shape of metaphor used to dehumanize the enemy, which first made the US citizens feel as victims to the jealousy of rogue Muslim states for intending to completely annihilate them; then, it made appeal to their sense of justice, sense of security, and right to self-defense. By grouping the world citizens into Us and Them groups, the innocent, peace-loving and the war-mongers, the angels and the devils, and then by placing themselves and the rest of the world among the first group and placing the powerfulMuslims states among the second group, the US exploited the feelings and thoughts of all. Despite the UN and the rest of the world having come to know the sheer lies of the US now, the US still has managed to flog a dead horse and blind-fold majority of the world through this linguistic manipulation in the form of using dehumanizing metaphors


2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Dezső Máté

The aim of the study, to examine the mentioned Roma generations value similarities and identities, in parallel with the Roma LGBTQ movement. My research question is, which social values and norms are excluded from the first intellectual Roma generation’s focuses, and what were the main reasons of it. In my paper I using discourse analysis method, which are reflecting on the mentioned Roma generations own lived experiences and social values. Roma LGBTQ people facing not only with discrimination and xenophobia because of their ethnic origin, but also with homophobia and transphobia because of their gender and LGBTQ identities as, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer people.


Author(s):  
Elena Vasilievna Bastun ◽  
Tat'yana Aleksandrovna Ostrovskaya

Author(s):  
Loreta Abakoka

Nora Ikstena’s “Mātes piens” (Mother’s Milk; published in English as Soviet Milk) is one of the novels in the book series “MĒS. Latvija, XX gadsimts” (We. Latvia. The 20th Century). It describes the difficulties that can arise in the mother-daughter relationship, describes the Soviet time’s environment and its impact on everyday life. The historical novel “Mātes piens” has been published in 25 countries, which means that this novel has been translated into many different cultures, which are less familiar with the mentality of the Latvian people and the USSR times in Latvia. Therefore, it is crucial how the text is translated or whether the style and the particular poetics of Nora Ikstena’s language in this novel are accurately reproduced. Therefore, the scientific research work “Quality of Translated Comparisons of Nora Ikstena’s “Soviet Milk” and “Молоко матери”” was developed. Comparisons requiring the translator to take into account both the content and the meaning of the words were analysed, as well as the aspect of language imagery and culture. The novel was translated into English by Margita Gailīts, and into Russian by Ludmila Nukņeviča. The events of the novel “Soviet Milk” take place from the end of the Second World War until the 1980s. The main character is a daughter, whose story is intertwined with the life stories of her mother and grandmother. The novel portrays the daughter’s struggle with her mother’s depression, which has deprived her of emotional intimacy with her mother since birth; the daughter continues to hope and gain her mother’s love, helping in times of crisis and ignoring several rejections. Although the translation process is very old, the question about the translation quality is still relevant. Using sources of information and gaining theoretical knowledge of the translation process, an error estimation method was developed that allows the word “quality” to be quantified. Literary translation is mostly separated from other translation types and put into a separate category, usually because the meaning of a literary work cannot be clarified in simple terms presented today. It is also difficult to analyse what the reader expects from the translation. Since there cannot be one right way of translating literature, the sense of the translator’s ethical duty to the author is the most important. However, this is very limited by how well the translator understands the author’s intentions and what is said and how much freedom the translator is given to change the text to find the most appropriate way to express the idea in the language. (Sager 1994) Four groups were divided by Juliane House’s theory (House 2014; House 2017) about overt errors. Text translation errors are divided into 2 categories – covert and overt. Covert errors are difficult to notice because, superficially, from a grammatical point of view, the sentence is correct, but its content is not logical or acceptable. The overt errors detected are obvious, constitute a systematic error. Overt errors are divided into 7 groups: 1 – not translated; 2 – a slight change in meaning; 3 – a significant change in meaning; 4 – distortion of meaning; 5 – breach of SL system; 6 – creative translation; 7 – cultural filtering. 64 comparisons in Latvian, 64 equivalents in Russian, and 55 equivalents in English were excerpted (9 comparisons were not translated). Translations of comparisons were divided into 4 groups: 1) accurately translated, 2) translations with minor changes, 3) culturally harmonized translations, 4) untranslated comparisons. Translations of comparisons that scored 5 points or more are considered qualitatively translated, given that there are no significant errors. There is no single fundamental criterion for the quality of a translation against which all translated texts can be judged. There are several definitions of quality translation, and quality is affected by many factors. The translations of comparisons in both foreign languages (English and Russian) are of high quality; they received high marks if they were analysed according to the error evaluation table because the maximum number of points that could be obtained was 6 points and no comparative translation was lower than 5 points. The Russian translation is more successful (comparative translations more often scored 6 points) than the English translation, which can be justified by the fact that the Russian language is historically and geographically a neighbor of the Latvian language, but the English language and culture are remote. Phraseological comparisons are translated literally and also more accurately into Russian; there are more of the same equivalents in the target culture. When evaluating comparisons that use the concepts of biblical story motifs or images of Greek mythology, they are mostly accurately translated into the target languages, as the target cultures are well acquainted with this religion and Greek mythology. One of the most important findings – not only literal translations are of high quality; it is much more important to express them in a way that is understandable to the target culture while maintaining the author’s writing style and the text’s main idea, paying attention to details.


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