Investigation of flowability of the green sand mould by remote control of portable flowability sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
D. Abdulamer
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Green Sand ◽  
Compaction Process ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Sand Mould ◽  
System 1 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Destructive

Purpose: The useful data and information during the sand compaction process steps should be collected. Direct measurement methods of the sand mould properties during the actual moulding process are not adopted yet. Design/methodology/approach: In this work, a remote control system [1] have been integrated into a new flowability sensor [2]. Findings: To overcome the complexity of the tools and equipment that existed in laboratory, and in foundry. Research limitations/implications: In order to investigate, and control behavior of the moulding process of bentonite-bonded green sand process, the sensors have been equipped with the Bluetooth technology for a wireless transmission of the measured data to computers. Originality/value: This technique contributes to improve of the compaction process based on the non-destructive tests, enhances prediction of the optimum parameter conditions, and reduced the energy, and the compaction time consumed for the green sand moulding process.

scholarly journals Utilising Flowability Sensor for Green Sand Mould Characterisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheya Abdulamer ◽  
Abdulkader Kadauw ◽  
Jürgen Bast
Keyword(s):  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Green Sand ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Good Pattern ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Sand Mould ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Non Destructive

In this work, an attempt has been made to improve the sand casting process by reducing the percentage of casting defects. The enhancement of the sand casting process is based on producing green sand castings with good pattern profiles and no failures at any complex ‎points during the separation process, handling and transportation. This work ‎introduces modified, non-destructive, direct tests for measuring sand mould ‎properties using sensor readings. ‎A new flowability sensor has been used to measure the time-dependent density, ‎distance-dependent mould hardness, and distance-dependent mould strength. The ‎sensor is able to detect sand motion at the desired points during the mould-making process. The live characterisation of the green sand mould is used to determine the optimum ‎parameters for the compaction process, reduction of the moulding time, and spent ‎energy, so that the cost of the moulding and casting process will be reduced.‎ It has been found that there is a linear relationship between the properties of the green sand samples and the sensor signals. The new method facilitates the measurement of sand properties and determines the most effective moulding parameters based on the flowability sensor readings. The resultant increases in both compactibility and compaction pressure improve mould hardness and mould strength.

Application of EDS Technique for OSP Film Thickness Measurement

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prong Kongsubto ◽  
Sirarat Kongwudthiti
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Ic Manufacturing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Film Thickness Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Organic solderability preservatives (OSPs) pad is one of the pad finishing technologies where Cu pad is coated with a thin film of an organic material to protect Cu from oxidation during storage and many processes in IC manufacturing. Thickness of OSP film is a critical factor that we have to consider and control in order to achieve desirable joint strength. Until now, no non-destructive technique has been proposed to measure OSP thickness on substrate. This paper reports about the development of EDS technique for estimating OSP thickness, starting with determination of the EDS parameter followed by establishing the correlation between C/Cu ratio and OSP thickness and, finally, evaluating the accuracy of the EDS technique for OSP thickness measurement. EDS quantitative analysis was proved that it can be utilized for OSP thickness estimation.

The Remote Control of Gas Holders within British Gas Southern

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
C J Hales
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Local Section ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

This paper was originally presented at a meeting of the Wessex Section of the Institute of Measurement and Control on 28 March 1985, and was awarded the BIMCAM Ardley Award for the best paper presented to a Local Section in the 1984/5 Session.

Characterization and Control of Copper CMP with Optoacoustic Metrology

2001 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gostein ◽  
Paul Lefevre ◽  
Alex A. Maznev ◽  
Michael Joffe
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Polishing ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Mechanical Polishing ◽  
Length Measurement ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACTWe discuss applications of optoacoustic film thickness metrology for characterization of copper chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP). We highlight areas where the use of optoacoustics for CMP characterization provides data complementary to that obtained by other techniques because of its ability to directly measure film thickness with high spatial resolution in a rapid, non-destructive manner. Examples considered include determination of planarization length, measurement of film thickness at intermediate stages of polish, and measurement of arrays of metal lines.

A SysML-Based Modeling Language for Mechatronic System Architecture

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Chen ◽  
Yusheng Liu ◽  
Yue Cao ◽  
Jing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Automatic Reasoning ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Model Based Systems Engineering

Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is the mainstream methodology for the design of complex mechatronic systems. It emphasizes the application of the system architecture, which highly depends on a formalized modeling language. However, such modeling language is less researched in previous studies. This paper proposes a general modeling language for representing the system architecture, aiming for representing function, physical effect, geometric information and control behavior which the system should satisfy. It facilitates the communication of designers from different technological domains and supports a series of applications such as automatic reasoning, system simulation, etc. The language is illustrated and verified with a practical mechatronic device finally.

INFORMATION AND KINETIC APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF STRESS STATE OF VESSELS OPERATING UNDER PRESSURE IN HYDROGEN ENVIRONMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
V. V. Nosov ◽  
A. R. Yamilova
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Active Volume ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Altitude Level

Separation of the influence of various factors on the strength of the material and control parameters is the basis for increasing the diagnostic efficiency. The article describes methods for assessing the state of pressure vessels, features of their damage under conditions of hydrogen absorption, presents data from acoustic emission and ultrasonic testing, compares them, sets out an approach to non-destructive assessment of the strength state of technical objects, based on a multilevel model of time dependences of acoustic emission parameters (AE), the kinetic concept of strength, micromechanics of fracture of discrete media, their relationship with the resource, parameters of fatigue curves and characteristics of the material structure, the problems of the influence of strength and metrological heterogeneity on the information content of control, the sequence of assessing the indicators of the strength state and resource of vessels, the model of strength and metrological heterogeneity of the AE are presented control, explaining the maximum activity of AE during tests in the first periods of operation, a methodology for assessing the strength state of pressure vessels is presented. Demonstration of the effectiveness of the technique is shown as an example of AE testing of an absorber for purifying hydrogen sulfide with a monoethanolamine solution by predicting the resource of its components and comparing the prediction results with the coordinate-altitude level of the adsorber belt, which correlates with the average internal hydrostatic stresses. Approbation of the approach has shown its versatility on the example of effective application for objects with defects of both fatigue and chemical origin under conditions of hydrogenation. Using the example of assessing the state of the most damaged lower belt, it is shown that an increase in the AE activity during hydrogenation of the material occurs mainly due to the growth of the acoustically active volume of the controlled zone, which is not unambiguously associated with the resource, and therefore the activity and energy intensity of the AE should not be considered sufficient a sign of the danger of a defect formed under the influence of hydrogen-containing media.

scholarly journals Study of Lamb Waves for Non-Destructive Testing Behind Screens

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 03005 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kauffmann ◽  
M.-A. Ploix ◽  
J.-F. Chaix ◽  
C. Gueudré ◽  
G. Corneloup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Lamb Waves ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Leaky Lamb Waves ◽  
Short Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Destructive

The inspection and control of sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR) is a major issue for the nuclear industry. Ultrasonic solutions are under study because of the opacity of liquid sodium. In this paper, the use of leaky Lamb waves is considered for non-destructive testing (NDT) on parallel and immersed structures assimilated as plates. The first phase of our approach involved studying the propagation properties of leaky Lamb waves. Equations that model the propagation of Lamb waves in an immersed plate were solved numerically. The phase velocity can be experimentally measured using a two dimensional Fourier transform. The group velocity can be experimentally measured using a short-time Fourier transform technique. Attenuation of leaky Lamb waves is mostly due to the re-emission of energy into the surrounding fluid, and it can be measured by these two techniques.

scholarly journals Characterisation of 3D printed sand moulds using micro-focus X-ray computed tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharmalingam Sivarupan ◽  
Mohamed El Mansori ◽  
Keith Daly ◽  
Mark Noel Mavrogordato ◽  
Fabrice Pierron
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Pore Connectivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Sand Mould ◽  
Non Destructive

Purpose Micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (CT) can be used to quantitatively evaluate the packing density, pore connectivity and provide the basis for specimen derived simulations of gas permeability of sand mould. This non-destructive experiment or following simulations can be done on any section of any size sand mould just before casting to validate the required properties. This paper aims to describe the challenges of this method and use it to simulate the gas permeability of 3D printed sand moulds for a range of controlling parameters. The permeability simulations are compared against experimental results using traditional measurement techniques. It suggests that a minimum volume of only 700 × 700 × 700 µm3 is required to obtain, a reliable and most representative than the value obtained by the traditional measurement technique, the simulated permeability of a specimen. Design/methodology/approach X-ray tomography images were used to reconstruct 3D models to simulate them for gas permeability of the 3D printed sand mould specimens, and the results were compared with the experimental result of the same. Findings The influence of printing parameters, especially the re-coater speed, on the pore connectivity of the 3D printed sand mould and related permeability has been identified. Characterisation of these sand moulds using X-ray CT and its suitability, compared to the traditional means, are also studied. While density and 3PB strength are a measure of the quality of the moulds, the pore connectivity from the tomographic images precisely relates to the permeability. The main conclusions of the present study are provided below. A minimum required sample size of 700 × 700 × 700 µm3 is required to provide representative permeability results. This was obtained from sand specimens with an average sand grain size of 140 µm, using the tomographic volume images to define a 3D mesh to run permeability calculations. Z-direction permeability is always lower than that in the X-/Y-directions due to the lower values of X-(120/140 µm) and Y-(101.6 µm) resolutions of the furan droplets. The anisotropic permeability of the 3D printed sand mould is mainly due to, the only adjustable, X-directional resolution of the furan droplets; the Y-directional resolution is a fixed distance, 102.6 µm, between the printhead nozzles and the Z-directional one is usually, 280 µm, twice the size of an average sand grain.A non-destructive and most representative permeability value can be obtained, using the computer simulation, on the reconstructed 3D X-ray tomography images obtained on a specific location of a 3D printed sand mould. This saves time and effort on printing a separate specimen for the traditional test which may not be the most representative to the printed mould. Originality/value The experimental result is compared with the computer simulated results.

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