scholarly journals Content of the concept of “ethnic painting”: articulation of the problem

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alla Nikolaevna Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Common Culture ◽  
Plastic Arts ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
Professional Artists ◽  
Mental Characteristics ◽  
Art Schools

This article analyzes the concept of “ethnic painting”, Russian and Western sources on the topic, as well as controversial approaches towards its interpretation. It is established that the Russian science avoids using the concept of “ethnic painting” to ambiguity of its content. The most commonly concepts in sphere are “national art”, “ethnocultural manifestations”, “territorial-ethnic nature of painting”, “national peculiarities”, and “national distinctness of art schools”. In Western literature, the concept of “ethnic painting” is attributed to both, folk art and professional art. Parallel is drawn between the concept of “national culture” and “ethnic culture”. The research is based on the painting of Circassians (Adyghe) of Russia and Turkey. Using the methods of comparative studies, comparative typology and art analysis, the article explores the works of contemporary Circassian painters of Turkey and Russia, revealing the specificity and universal characteristics of their paintings. The works of professional artists, which meet certain characteristics, should be referred to as “ethnic painting”. The author describes the key attributes and functions of plastic arts that allow classifying it as the concept of “ethnic”: 1) figurative characteristics (visualization of mythological and epic heroes and plotlines, ritual and common culture); 2) translation of ethnic mental characteristics and values; 3) design of ethnic identity and solidarity by means of painting; 4) introduction the art of painting not only to the elite, but other social classes as well; 5) usage of public instruments for proliferation and popularization of painting through education and enlightenment; 6) comprehension of ethnic art as a crucial element of national art; 7) development of ethnic art through various contaminants (ethnocultural content and modernist form or technique; modern content in the traditional genre or form).

The Corfu Criminal Court Archive: Recording, Impressing and Studying the Phenomenon of Violence and Justice in the Ionian State (1815-1864)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Yanna Dimitriou ◽  
◽  
Eleni Socratus ◽  
Emmanuil Drakakis
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
First Time

This article examines the encounters of the Ionian people with criminal justice system during the period from 1815 to 1864, when the Ionian Islands were a British protectorate. Drawing on data from cases of the Criminal Court Archives of Corfu for the first time, it argues that criminality mostly concerned the lower social classes and was not very common. Using violence as a lens, the paper primarily focuses on Corfu’s criminal justice system and offers quantitative and qualitative evidence on which further comparative studies of the history of law and crime in Greece and Europe at that time may be based.

Of Crowds and Empires: Afro-Asian Riots and European Expansion, 1857–1882

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. I. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Entities ◽  
International Aspects

Comparative studies pose special problems for historians, given their long tradition of being wed to the political history of individual countries and given the limitations of their methods, which lend themselves to (at most) middlerange generalizations. Sociology and anthropology have always seemed better poised to deal with the big questions across cultures. The rise of social history, however, provides new opportunities for comparative studies, insofar as such social entities and processes as cities, social classes, crowds, and women lend themselves better to comparison than do micropolitics within the framework of a single country's history. Despite these new possibilities, most historians demand intense contextualization and mistrust secondary sources, making it difficult for one scholar to master the relevant languages and archives in more than one culture, or to pose a broad enough question for comparative analysis. Much social history, even by the most sociologically minded historian, is likely to be based on archives and concerned largely with a single country or culture. Social historians can, however, legitimately inject a comparative element into their writing by paying special attention to the international aspects of their subject and by considering their works about particular social groups in individual countries as case studies in related phenomena.

scholarly journals Sukoreno Site: Lost Classic Civilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-405
Author(s):  
Ainur Rohimah ◽  
Joni Wibowo ◽  
Ricky Yulius Kristian
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The People

The discovery of Statue and Red Bricks (Bata Abang) located in Sukoreno Village. The Red Brick in Sukoreno site has scattered in settlements and suspected that many Red Bricks has been crushed by residents. Being a cultural heritage of the past, this site needs deep attention and is very important to be studied as an Indonesian nation's self-image. The researcher used the folklore method to uncover the surrounding of the cultural and historical context. In addition, through physiological comparative studies, the shape and characteristics of decapitated statue and red bricks with Majapahit relics in Trowulan, it is found that decapitated statues (Sukoreno statues) have physiological characteristics (shapes and models) that are similar to the Nandiswara or Mahakala statues. The first identification lead the researcher how the connection of  the Sukoreno Site with The East Majapahit Kingdom. This effort is expected to be able to support the development of the cultural tourism area in Jember Regency and contribute to the retention of assets of national culture, especially the culture of the people in Jember. This research concludes that The Sukoreno Site as an important area and assume The Sukoreno Site as a palace.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 285-318
Author(s):  
Nicholas Harrison
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Common Culture ◽  
The Impact

The Conclusion explores the sense in which the experiences of colonial students, though highly unusual in some ways, may be exemplary or instructive in relation to certain questions in and around education. Themes include: the relevance/irrelevance of notions of a national origin, as applied to a text or an idea (notably latecularism); the impact of teaching in the humanities, including its tendency to build or reinforce some sort of common culture (though not necessarily a ‘national’ culture); what that tendency implies for the design of teaching programmes; issues of ‘adaptation’, when the classroom is diverse; the curatorial function of the critic-teacher; teaching as a form of impact; education and social mobility; and what in teaching and in students may allow or encourage students to 'think for themselves', when teaching is normative, and when students are subject to the authority of the teacher. The chapter ends by returning to Edward Said and considering possible parallels, or links, between a certain idea of education and a certain idea of the literary as notional ‘spaces’ that are political in some senses but where a kind of suspension of politics may also have value. [190]

scholarly journals THE RECEPTIVE-AESTHETIC PRINCIPLES OF THE ARTISTIC TRANSLATION IN THE SYSTEM OF COMPARATIVE STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
O.V. Minenko
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Relative Autonomy ◽  
Creative Person ◽  
Artistic Work ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article attempts to reveal the main receptive-aesthetic principles of artistic translation from the point of view of comparative studies. The analysis of the views of the researchers D.Nalyviayko, V.Izer, G.Yaus as to proposed subject is presented. Characteristic features of the artistic translation in the system of comparative studies are highlighted and described. On the basis of the research it was established that the perception of the artistic work is determined on the basis of the work of understanding the original text, that is, as a result of the dialogue between the text and the translator; as a manifestation of the hidden meaning that passes through the translation consciousness. Each new translation of the work acquires a relative autonomy; it carries something unique in its own right, created by the translator-writer. The creative person of the translator inevitably influences the translated work, which is perceived by the reader through the prism of his person. During the translation of a literary work belonging to a certain national culture and created by appropriate means of the linguistic and stylistic systems, one can reflect the phenomena inherent in the national artistic consciousness. The article describes the content of the concept of "perception", which is dynamic, since the perception continues until new translations, new translation studies appear. As each artwork is a holistic ideological and creative structure in which individual parts interact organically and form an inseparable unity, all elements of this structure are open to the reader, and in the process of cognition are realized in different ways in his mind.

Inventing the Recording

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Moreda Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
National Context ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Cultural Artifact ◽  
Technological Possibility ◽  
Private Homes

Inventing the Recording: The Phonograph and National Culture in Spain, 1877–1914 focuses on the decades in which the recording went from technological possibility to commercial and cultural artifact, and it does so through the analysis of a specific and unique national context: Spain. It tells the stories of institutions and individuals in the country, discusses the development of discourses and ideas in close connection with national concerns and debates, and pays close attention to original recordings from this era. The book starts with the arrival in Spain of notices about Edison’s invention of the phonograph in 1877, followed by the first demonstrations (1878–1882) at the hands of scientists and showmen. These demonstrations greatly stimulated the imagination of scientists, journalists, and playwrights, who spent the rest of the 1880s speculating about the phonograph and its potential to revolutionize society once it was properly developed and marketed. The book then moves on to analyze the “traveling phonographs” and salones fonográficos of the 1890s and early 1900s, with phonographs being paraded around Spain and exhibited in group listening sessions in theaters, private homes, and social spaces pertaining to different social classes. It finally covers the development of an indigenous recording industry dominated by the so-called gabinetes fonográficos: small businesses that sold imported phonographs, produced their own recordings, and shaped early discourses about commercial phonography and the record as a commodity between 1896 and 1905.

Legal-theoretical nature of the concept of constitutional identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-62
Author(s):  
Oleg Belosludtsev
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Constitutional Identity

This article consists of three sections. The author firstly considers the problem of ambiguity of the term “identity”, as well as its relationship with related concepts. Following from this, the main approaches to the genesis and nature of constitutional identity, including alternative interpretations are considered. The question of the nature of constitutional identity, according to the author, is of fundamental importance for the theory. The author tries to consider both traditional (positivist) and alternative points of view on this issue. In the third paragraph, the author tries to demonstrate the influence of several factors determined by national culture (constructing constitutional identity) on the formation of constitutional identity. Based on the generalization of the theoretical and legal works of R.Hirschl, G.J.Jacobsohn, M.Rosenfeld, and M.Tushnet, the author attempts to identify such independent factors as religion, politics, history, and constitutional disharmony. According to the author, the unique combination of these factors, inherent in each culture of “local” circumstances, determines the uniqueness of any national constitutional identity. The author believes that the Russian science of constitutional and international law is excessively focused on positivist interpretations of constitutional identity. Alternative approaches to the conceptualization of constitutional identity remain absent in much of the work of other researchers.

scholarly journals National Characteristics and Art Composition Characteristics of Tujia Brocade Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ming Hong
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Tujia Brocade ◽  
Development Course ◽  
Composition Characteristics

As one of China's national minorities, Tujia nationality has exerted an important role in the development course of modern national culture. In the development course of national culture of Tujia nationality, its brocade art inherited generation by generation has been extensively applied in art inheritance in modern society. It has also been applied in practical teaching to manifest the unique style and special artistic expression of Tujia brocade art. Under such a context, it is necessary to strengthen analysis on itsnational characteristics in the art development course and art composition characteristics. For this purpose, this paper makes special analysis on the national characteristics and art composition of Tujia brocade art in the sequence of analysis on the basic components of Tujia brocade art, analysis on its national characteristics and then detailed analysis on its composition characteristics. The author hopes to help people to understand the unique characteristics and results of Tujia brocade art after the analysis in this paper.

scholarly journals The Mysrety of Flowers. The Mystery of Color. Painting in Multi-Layer Watercolor Technique

Secreta Artis ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikolayevich Andriaka
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Still Life ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Professional Artists ◽  
Art Schools

The article is dedicated to composing and painting a floral still life in multi-layer watercolor. The author, drawing on his more than half a century experience in creative and pedagogical work, reveals major challenges faced by artists. The primary focus is directed towards a particularly demanding task of arranging a still life ensemble harmonious in terms of color, with flowers occupying a central place, while all other elements (stems and leaves, vase, background, etc.) play a role of a tactful and apt “accompaniment”. In this regard, the author examines successful tone and background choices for flower still lifes, taking into account the peculiarities of color perception depending on the color palette of the surrounding environment. Using his creative work as an example, the author unveils the key principles behind arranging and painting still lifes with bouquets of blue, white, yellow and red flowers, field herbs, as well as floral still lifes on deep dark backgrounds. The author explores the question of proper layer-bylayer transmission of chiaroscuro, light and shade. Likewise, the most common difficulties connected to watercolor painting, as well as the best ways to overcome them are delineated. The article is intended for teachers and students of art schools at all levels; it will also be of interest to professional artists as the author offers solutions to complex problems arising when one works with color in a particularly exigent multi-layer watercolor technique.

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