Methylamine Hydrochloride

2003 ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
C. S. Marvel ◽  
R. L. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Methylamine Hydrochloride

Quantitative Zusammenhänge zwischen Chlorophyll-b-Reaktion, Elektronentransport und Phosphorylierung bei der Photosynthese

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rumberg ◽  
U. Siggel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Methylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Extra Electron ◽  
Phosphorylation Rate

Carefully prepared spinach chloroplasts show the slow phase (half life 20 — 500 msec) of the absorption changes of Chlorophyll-b only. The decay of the absorption changes is an exponential one (fig. 1, fig. 5, eq. 1). The decay time as well as the electron transport rate are changed by coupling and uncoupling phosphorylation.A. By addition of the phosphorylation uncoupler methylamine hydrochloride the decay is accelerated up to ten times from 500 msec to 50 msec at pH = 7,4 and 20 °C (fig. 1, table 1). At the same time the electron transport rate measured by the reduction of ferricyanide increases ten times (table 1). Reciprocal decay time and electron transport rate are always proportional to each other (fig. 2, eq. 2).Phosphorylation uncouplers as carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone, atebrin, and dichlorphenol indophenol accelerate the decay of the Chl-b absorption changes as well (fig. 3).B. Phosphorylation accelerates the decay time of the Chl-b absorption changes up to two times from 90 to 40 msec at pH=8,4 and 20 °C (fig. 4, fig. 5, table 2). At the same time the electron transport rate too increases two times, thus reciprocal decay time and electron transport rate are proportional to each other again (fig. 6, table 2). The same result is obtained when phosphorylation is suppressed by omission of phosphate or addition of phlorizin (fig. 6, fig. 7 top). It is shown that the phosphorylation rate is identical with the extra electron transport rate stimulated by phosphorylation as measured by IZAWA et al. 18 (fig. 7 bottom). At the same time it is shown that phosphorylation is proportional to the change in the reciprocal decay time of the Chl-b absorption changes (fig. 7 bottom, eq. 3).JUNGE and WITT 3 show that the slow phase of the Chl-b absorption changes are connected with the translocation of protons across the thylakoid membrane. In connection with those results phosphorylation is coupled to an additional proton transfer. The foregoing results are discussed in this respect in 1. c. 3.The results are in part reviewed in *.

The Preparation of Hexamethylcyclotriphosphazene

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (20) ◽  
pp. 3038-3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Oakley ◽  
Norman L. Paddock
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Principal Product ◽  
Methylamine Hydrochloride

Dimethyltrichlorophosphorane reacts with methylamine hydrochloride to give an oil which decomposes on heating, yielding the quaternary chloride N3P3Me6·MeCl as the principal product. The controlled pyrolysis of this salt gives N3P3Me6 in high yield. A simple method for the separation of N3P3Me6 and N4P4Me8 is described, based on the different solubilities of their salts in acetonitrile.

scholarly journals Further Studies on Enhancement of Transcuticular Penetration of NAA with Spray Additives

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 598a-598
Author(s):  
Royal G. Fader ◽  
Patricia Luque ◽  
Martin J. Bukovac
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Nitrate Anion ◽  
Reaction Site ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Methylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Initial Penetration ◽  
Triton X

The cuticle is the prime barrier to penetration of foliar applied plant growth regulators, which must penetrate and be transported to a reaction site before a response can be induced. Urea has enhanced performance of Fe and Zn foliar sprays and a mixture of urea and ammonium nitrate (WAN) the performance of some herbicides. The mechanism of this enhancement is not clear. We find that urea and UAN increased 14C-NAA transport across enzymatically isolated tomato fruit cuticular membranes (CM) from simulated spray droplets using a finitedose diffusion system. The initial rate and total amount of NAA penetrated was significantly increased relative to NAA alone, the enhancement being greater for UAN than urea (total amount 101% vs. 78% at 120 hours) and for the NAA anion (pH 5.2, pKa 4.2) than for the nondissociated (pH 3.2) moiety. When evaluating the concentration effect of urea and NH4NO3 individually, the greatest enhancement with urea was at 62 mm and with NH4NO3 at 8 mm. Generally the effect of urea was significantly less than NH4NO3 (+24% vs. 296%). NAA penetration was greater with NH4NO3 than with KNO3 or Ca(NO3)2 or when the nitrate anion was replaced with sulfate or phosphate. Transcuticular penetration of NAA was enhanced greatly (190% in 120 hours) on removal of cuticular waxes; however, penetration was further increased (252% in 120 hours) by adding 8 mm NH4NO3. Methylamine hydrochloride (CH3NH2.HC1, 8 mm) also increased NAA diffusion, the initial slopes (>8 hours) were 23, 14, and 2 pmols·h–1 for methylamine, ammonium nitrate, and NAA alone, respectively, while the percent of applied that penetrated after 120 hours was 68.5, 67.6, and 21.4 for methylamine, ammonium nitrate, and NAA alone, respectively. The enhancement of NAA penetration by NH4NO3 equaled or exceeded that obtained with a group of surfactants of diverse chemistries. When the surfactant Triton X-100 was compared with NH4NO3, initial penetration was more rapid with ammonium nitrate (11.7 vs. 7.3 pmols·h–1) but percent penetrating after 120 hours was greater for Triton X-100 (80.5 vs. 66.8). The possible action of NH4NO3 on NAA uptake will be discussed.

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