Determining the Genetic Component of a Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-57
Author(s):  
Allison Ashley Koch ◽  
Evadnie Rampersaud
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Component

Born to Shop? A Genetic Component of Deal Proneness

2021 ◽  
pp. 000-000
Author(s):  
Robert M. Schindler ◽  
Vishal Lala ◽  
Jeanette E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Component

The Genetic Origins of the Relationship between Psychological Traits and Social Trust

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Oskarsson ◽  
Christopher Dawes ◽  
Magnus Johannesson ◽  
Patrik K. E. Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have shown that trusting attitudes and behavior are biologically influenced. Focusing on the classic trust game, it has been demonstrated that oxytocin increases trust and that humans are endowed with genetic variation that influences their behavior in the game. Moreover, several studies have shown that a large share of the variation in survey responses to trust items is accounted for by an additive genetic component. Against this backdrop, this article makes two important contributions. First, utilizing a unique sample of more than 2,000 complete Swedish twin pairs, we provide further evidence of the heritability of social trust. Our estimates of the additive genetic component in social trust were consistent across the sexes – .33 for males and .39 for females – and are similar to the results reported in earlier studies. Secondly, we show that social trust is phenotypically related to three psychological traits – extraversion, personal control, and intelligence – and that genetic factors account for most of these correlations. Jointly, these psychological factors share around 30% of the genetic influence on social trust both for males and females. Future studies should further explore the possible causal pathways between genes and trust using panel data on both psychological traits and social trust.

“Anti-Intellectualism” and Genetics

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Component

The 2001 claim by Eigenberger and Sealander that “anti-imellectualism” has an important genetic component is discussed in reference to a rejoinder by Howley.

Twin Studies in Medical Genetics

1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Propping ◽  
F. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Medical Genetics ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
Placental Blood Flow

It is the aim of twin studies to obtain results which are not only valid for twins, but apply to the whole population. Therefore the following questions have to be answered first: do twins differ from non-twins in the trait under study? Do different nongenetic factors act upon MZ and DZ twins which alter the probability of manifestation of a trait, even before birth? There are important differences in embryogenesis and placental blood flow in mono- and dichorionic twins; this can influence the normal fetal development. Therefore the value of twin studies alone in analysing the genetic component in the etiology of congenital malformations is rather ambiguous. Twin studies beyond the newborn period can be classified into four approaches: (1) Case reports; (2) Accumulated case reports; (3) Limited representative sample; (4) Unlimited representative sample. The most frequent systematic method in medical genetics is the establishment of all twins in a defined population of probands (3). Another successful application in the last few years has been in pharmacogenetics. Although no simple mode of inheritance could be discovered, it was possible to estimate the genetic component within the interindividual variability of the metabolism of certain drugs (nortriptyline, antipyrine, phenylbutazone, ethanol). Now, additional non-twin research is needed to work out single factors within the observed polygenic systems.

Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with a mutation in the dispatched RND transporter family member 1 gene

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Diana M. Torpoco Rivera ◽  
Mina Hafzalah ◽  
Daniel J. Pomerantz ◽  
Richard U. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Female Infant ◽  
First Report ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Rnd Transporter

Abstract Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common presentation of cardiomyopathy in children with 20–35% of patients having an identified genetic component. There are more than 30 genes implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. We present the first report of a female infant with dilated cardiomyopathy with a genetic variant in the dispatched RND transporter family member 1 gene.

Genetic Component of Noise Sensitivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Heinonen-Guzejev ◽  
Heikki S. Vuorinen ◽  
Helena Mussalo-Rauhamaa ◽  
Kauko Heikkilä ◽  
Markku Koskenvuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Noise Sensitivity ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Genetic Modeling ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Age Range

AbstractWe investigated the genetic component of noise sensitivity using a twin-study design. The study sample consisted of 573 same-sexed twin pairs from the Finnish Twin Cohort. The 131 monozygotic (MZ) and 442 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs with an age range of 31 to 88 years replied to a questionnaire on noise and health-related items in 1988. The noise sensitivity of respondents was defined as high, quite high, quite low or low. MZ pairs were more similar with regards noise sensitivity than DZ pairs, and quantitative genetic modeling indicated significant familiality. The best z-fitting genetic model provided an estimate of heritability of 36% (95% CI = .20–.50) and when hearing impaired subjects were excluded this rose to 40% (95% CI = .24–.54). In conclusion, noise sensitivity does aggregate in families and probably has a genetic component.

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