Climate Change and Atmospheric Chemistry: How Will the Stratospheric Ozone Layer Develop?

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (44) ◽  
pp. 8092-8102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dameris
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone Layer

Stratospheric ozone layer observations over tsukuba, Japan by NIES ozone DIAL.

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyan Tatarov ◽  
Chan Bong Park ◽  
Hideaki Nakane ◽  
Nobuo Sugimoto ◽  
Ichiro Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone Layer

Chlorine Oxide in the Stratospheric Ozone Layer: Ground-Based Detection and Measurement

Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 211 (4487) ◽  
pp. 1158-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. PARRISH ◽  
R. L. DE ZAFRA ◽  
P. M. SOLOMON ◽  
J. W. BARRETT ◽  
E. R. CARLSON
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Chlorine Oxide ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone Layer

scholarly journals Stratospheric ozone measurements at Arosa (Switzerland): history and scientific relevance

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 6567-6584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Staehelin ◽  
Pierre Viatte ◽  
Rene Stübi ◽  
Fiona Tummon ◽  
Thomas Peter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Global Environmental Policy ◽  
Chemical Destruction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances

Abstract. Climatic Observatory (LKO) in Arosa (Switzerland), marking the beginning of the world's longest series of total (or column) ozone measurements. They were driven by the recognition that atmospheric ozone is important for human health, as well as by scientific curiosity about what was, at the time, an ill characterised atmospheric trace gas. From around the mid-1950s to the beginning of the 1970s studies of high atmosphere circulation patterns that could improve weather forecasting was justification for studying stratospheric ozone. In the mid-1970s, a paradigm shift occurred when it became clear that the damaging effects of anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), such as long-lived chlorofluorocarbons, needed to be documented. This justified continuing the ground-based measurements of stratospheric ozone. Levels of ODSs peaked around the mid-1990s as a result of a global environmental policy to protect the ozone layer, implemented through the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its subsequent amendments and adjustments. Consequently, chemical destruction of stratospheric ozone started to slow around the mid-1990s. To some extent, this raises the question as to whether continued ozone observation is indeed necessary. In the last decade there has been a tendency to reduce the costs associated with making ozone measurements globally including at Arosa. However, the large natural variability in ozone on diurnal, seasonal, and interannual scales complicates the capacity for demonstrating the success of the Montreal Protocol. Chemistry-climate models also predict a super-recovery of the ozone layer at mid-latitudes in the second half of this century, i.e. an increase of ozone concentrations beyond pre-1970 levels, as a consequence of ongoing climate change. These factors, and identifying potentially unexpected stratospheric responses to climate change, support the continued need to document stratospheric ozone changes. This is particularly valuable at the Arosa site, due to the unique length of the observational record. This paper presents the evolution of the ozone layer, the history of international ozone research, and discusses the justification for the measurements in the past, present and into future.

The influence of transport model resolution on the inverse modelling of synthetic greenhouse gas emissions in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Katharopoulos ◽  
Dominique Rust ◽  
Martin Vollmer ◽  
Dominik Brunner ◽  
Stefan Reimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Inverse Modelling ◽  
Model Resolution ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone Layer

<p>Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of the modern era. Halocarbons contribute already about 14% to current anthropogenic radiative forcing, and their future impact may become significantly larger due to their long atmospheric lifetimes and continued and increasing usage. In addition to their influence on climate change, chlorine and bromine-containing halocarbons are the main drivers of the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. Therefore, observing their atmospheric abundance and quantifying their sources is critical for predicting the related future impact on climate change and on the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer.</p><p>Regional scale atmospheric inverse modelling can provide observation-based estimates of greenhouse gas emissions at a country scale and, hence, makes valuable information available to policy makers when reviewing emission mitigation strategies and confirming the countries' pledges for emission reduction. Considering that inverse modelling relies on accurate atmospheric transport modelling any advances to the latter are of key importance. The main objective of this work is to characterize and improve the Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM) FLEXPART-COSMO at kilometer-scale resolution and to provide estimates of Swiss halocarbon emissions by integrating newly available halocarbon observations from the Swiss Plateau at the Beromünster tall tower. The transport model is offline coupled with the regional numerical weather prediction model (NWP) COSMO. Previous inverse modelling results for Swiss greenhouse gases are based on a model resolution of 7 km x 7 km. Here, we utilize higher resolution (1 km x 1 km) operational COSMO analysis fields to drive FLEXPART and compare these to the previous results.</p><p>The higher resolution simulations exhibit increased three-dimensional dispersion, leading to a general underestimation of observed tracer concentration at the receptor location and when compared to the coarse model results. The concentration discrepancies due to dispersion between the two model versions cannot be explained by the parameters utilized in FLEPXART’s turbulence parameterization, (Obhukov length, surface momentum and heat fluxes, atmospheric boundary layer heights, and horizontal and vertical wind speeds), since a direct comparison of these parameters between the different model versions showed no significant differences. The latter suggests that the dispersion differences may originate from a duplication of turbulent transport, on the one hand, covered by the high resolution grid of the Eulerian model and, on the other hand, diagnosed by FLEXPART's turbulence scheme. In an attempt to reconcile FLEXPART-COSMO’s turbulence scheme at high resolution, we introduced additional scaling parameters based on analysis of simulated mole fraction deviations depending on stability regime. In addition, we used FLEXPART-COSMO source sensitivities in a Bayesian inversion to obtain optimized emission estimates. Inversions for both the high and low resolution models were carried out in order to quantify the impact of model resolution on posterior emissions and estimate about the uncertainties of these emissions.  </p>

Observation of stratospheric ozone layer by a XeCl laser radar

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Uchino ◽  
Mitsuo Maeda ◽  
Jun‐ichi Kohno ◽  
Takashi Shibata ◽  
Chikao Nagasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Laser Radar ◽  
Xecl Laser ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone Layer
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