Numerical Simulation of Open-Circuit Continuous Mills Using a Non-Linear Population Balance Framework: Incorporation of Non-First-Order Effects

Plane potential flow past a circular cylinder beneath a free surface under gravity is investigated in order to determine the importance or otherwise of non-linear effects from the free-surface boundary condition. It is shown that non-linear second-order corrections to the first-order linearized expressions for the wave-induced forces on the cylinder are considerably larger than second-order effects which are present even with a linear free-surface condition. Further evidence for the importance of non-linearity is presented in the form of streamline plots of the first-order solution showing strange behaviour at wave crests.

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Numerical Solution of First-Order Fuzzy Initial Value Problem by Non-Linear Trapezoidal Formulae Based on Variety of Means

PARIPEX-INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ◽

10.15373/22501991/may2014/52 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 160-173

Author(s):

R. Gethsi Sharmila ◽

◽

E. C. Henry Amirtharaj

Keyword(s):

Numerical Solution ◽

Initial Value Problem ◽

Initial Value ◽

First Order ◽

Non Linear

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Fully Non-Linear Numerical Simulation of a Shaking Table Test of Dynamic Soil-Pile-Structure Interactions in Soft Clay Using ABAQUS

Geo-Congress 2019 ◽

10.1061/9780784482100.026 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A. T. Al-Isawi ◽

P. E. F. Collins ◽

K. A. Cashell

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Shaking Table Test ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Shaking Table ◽

Non Linear

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Influence of the Porosity of Polymer Foams on the Performances of Capacitive Flexible Pressure Sensors

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19091968 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 1968 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sylvie Bilent ◽

Thi Hong Nhung Dinh ◽

Emile Martincic ◽

Pierre-Yves Joubert

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Linear Model ◽

Dielectric Material ◽

Pressure Sensors ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Measurement Range ◽

Polymer Foams ◽

First Order ◽

Non Linear ◽

Flexible Pressure Sensors

This paper reports on the study of microporous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foams as a highly deformable dielectric material used in the composition of flexible capacitive pressure sensors dedicated to wearable use. A fabrication process allowing the porosity of the foams to be adjusted was proposed and the fabricated foams were characterized. Then, elementary capacitive pressure sensors (15 × 15 mm2 square shaped electrodes) were elaborated with fabricated foams (5 mm or 10 mm thick) and were electromechanically characterized. Since the sensor responses under load are strongly non-linear, a behavioral non-linear model (first order exponential) was proposed, adjusted to the experimental data, and used to objectively estimate the sensor performances in terms of sensitivity and measurement range. The main conclusions of this study are that the porosity of the PDMS foams can be adjusted through the sugar:PDMS volume ratio and the size of sugar crystals used to fabricate the foams. Additionally, the porosity of the foams significantly modified the sensor performances. Indeed, compared to bulk PDMS sensors of the same size, the sensitivity of porous PDMS sensors could be multiplied by a factor up to 100 (the sensitivity is 0.14 %.kPa−1 for a bulk PDMS sensor and up to 13.7 %.kPa−1 for a porous PDMS sensor of the same dimensions), while the measurement range was reduced from a factor of 2 to 3 (from 594 kPa for a bulk PDMS sensor down to between 255 and 177 kPa for a PDMS foam sensor of the same dimensions, according to the porosity). This study opens the way to the design and fabrication of wearable flexible pressure sensors with adjustable performances through the control of the porosity of the fabricated PDMS foams.

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Study on the regional characteristics during foam flooding by population balance model

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598720983614 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 014459872098361

Author(s):

Zhongbao Wu ◽

Qingjun Du ◽

Bei Wei ◽

Jian Hou

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Simulation Model ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Population Balance ◽

Growth Zone ◽

Balance Model ◽

Population Balance Model ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Foam Flooding

Foam flooding is an effective method for enhancing oil recovery in high water-cut reservoirs and unconventional reservoirs. It is a dynamic process that includes foam generation and coalescence when foam flows through porous media. In this study, a foam flooding simulation model was established based on the population balance model. The stabilizing effect of the polymer and the coalescence characteristics when foam encounters oil were considered. The numerical simulation model was fitted and verified through a one-dimensional displacement experiment. The pressure difference across the sand pack in single foam flooding and polymer-enhanced foam flooding both agree well with the simulation results. Based on the numerical simulation, the foam distribution characteristics in different cases were studied. The results show that there are three zones during foam flooding: the foam growth zone, stable zone, and decay zone. These characteristics are mainly influenced by the adsorption of surfactant, the gas–liquid ratio, the injection rate, and the injection scheme. The oil recovery of polymer-enhanced foam flooding is estimated to be 5.85% more than that of single foam flooding. Moreover, the growth zone and decay zone in three dimensions are considerably wider than in the one-dimensional model. In addition, the slug volume influences the oil recovery the most in the foam enhanced foam flooding, followed by the oil viscosity and gas-liquid ratio. The established model can describe the dynamic change process of foam, and can thus track the foam distribution underground and aid in optimization of the injection strategies during foam flooding.

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A secure and highly efficient first-order masking scheme for AES linear operations

Cybersecurity ◽

10.1186/s42400-021-00082-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jingdian Ming ◽

Yongbin Zhou ◽

Huizhong Li ◽

Qian Zhang

Keyword(s):

Cost Reduction ◽

Provable Security ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Side Channel ◽

First Order ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Non Linear ◽

Device Independence ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Provably Secure

AbstractDue to its provable security and remarkable device-independence, masking has been widely accepted as a noteworthy algorithmic-level countermeasure against side-channel attacks. However, relatively high cost of masking severely limits its applicability. Considering the high tackling complexity of non-linear operations, most masked AES implementations focus on the security and cost reduction of masked S-boxes. In this paper, we focus on linear operations, which seems to be underestimated, on the contrary. Specifically, we discover some security flaws and redundant processes in popular first-order masked AES linear operations, and pinpoint the underlying root causes. Then we propose a provably secure and highly efficient masking scheme for AES linear operations. In order to show its practical implications, we replace the linear operations of state-of-the-art first-order AES masking schemes with our proposal, while keeping their original non-linear operations unchanged. We implement four newly combined masking schemes on an Intel Core i7-4790 CPU, and the results show they are roughly 20% faster than those original ones. Then we select one masked implementation named RSMv2 due to its popularity, and investigate its security and efficiency on an AVR ATMega163 processor and four different FPGA devices. The results show that no exploitable first-order side-channel leakages are detected. Moreover, compared with original masked AES implementations, our combined approach is nearly 25% faster on the AVR processor, and at least 70% more efficient on four FPGA devices.

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Assessment of Extrapolation Relations of Displacement Speed for Detailed Chemistry Direct Numerical Simulation Database of Statistically Planar Turbulent Premixed Flames

Flow Turbulence and Combustion ◽

10.1007/s10494-021-00283-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nilanjan Chakraborty ◽

Alexander Herbert ◽

Umair Ahmed ◽

Hong G. Im ◽

Markus Klein

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Direct Numerical Simulation ◽

Premixed Flames ◽

Turbulent Premixed Flames ◽

Reaction Progress ◽

Progress Variable ◽

Stretch Rate ◽

Non Linear ◽

Displacement Speed ◽

Curvature Dependence

AbstractA three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) database of statistically planar $$H_{2} -$$ H 2 - air turbulent premixed flames with an equivalence ratio of 0.7 spanning a large range of Karlovitz number has been utilised to assess the performances of the extrapolation relations, which approximate the stretch rate and curvature dependences of density-weighted displacement speed $$S_{d}^{*}$$ S d ∗ . It has been found that the correlation between $$S_{d}^{*}$$ S d ∗ and curvature remains negative and a significantly non-linear interrelation between $$S_{d}^{*}$$ S d ∗ and stretch rate has been observed for all cases considered here. Thus, an extrapolation relation, which assumes a linear stretch rate dependence of density-weighted displacement speed has been found to be inadequate. However, an alternative extrapolation relation, which assumes a linear curvature dependence of $$S_{d}^{*}$$ S d ∗ but allows for a non-linear stretch rate dependence of $$S_{d}^{*}$$ S d ∗ , has been found to be more successful in capturing local behaviour of the density-weighted displacement speed. The extrapolation relations, which express $$S_{d}^{*}$$ S d ∗ as non-linear functions of either curvature or stretch rate, have been found to capture qualitatively the non-linear curvature and stretch rate dependences of $$S_{d}^{*}$$ S d ∗ more satisfactorily than the linear extrapolation relations. However, the improvement comes at the cost of additional tuning parameter. The Markstein lengths LM for all the extrapolation relations show dependence on the choice of reaction progress variable definition and for some extrapolation relations LM also varies with the value of reaction progress variable. The predictions of an extrapolation relation which involve solving a non-linear equation in terms of stretch rate have been found to be sensitive to the initial guess value, whereas a high order polynomial-based extrapolation relation may lead to overshoots and undershoots. Thus, a recently proposed extrapolation relation based on the analysis of simple chemistry DNS data, which explicitly accounts for the non-linear curvature dependence of the combined reaction and normal diffusion components of $$S_{d}^{*}$$ S d ∗ , has been shown to exhibit promising predictions of $$S_{d}^{*}$$ S d ∗ for all cases considered here.

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