An abnormal self-organized core/shell structure is formed in the liquid Al–Pb alloy, which can be controlled by confined conditions.
The core–shell structure greatly suppressed the shuttle effect of the lithium–selenium battery and the robust carbon shells could remain unbroken even after 100 cycles and flexibly accommodate to the volume change of selenium cores.
Molecular dynamics study on the formation of self-organized core/shell structures in the Pb alloy at the nanoscale