Gender differences in GAD antibody– positive diabetes mellitus in relation to age at onset, C-peptide and other endocrine autoimmune diseases

Introduction: Morbid obesity (MO) has a significant impact on mortality, health and quality of life of patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common comorbidity in patients with MO. The aim is to study T2DM remission and to develop a prediction model for T2DM remission after two-stage surgical treatment of patients with MO. Materials and methods: The study included 97 patients with MO. The mean BMI was 68.08 (95% CI: 66.45 - 69.71) kg/m2. 70 (72,2%) patients with MO were diagnosed with T2DM. The first stage of treatment for the main group (n=60) included the IGB placement, for the control group (n=37) - conservative therapy. In the second stage of treatment the patients underwent bariatric surgery. The study addresses such indicators as BMI, percentage of weight loss, percentage of excess weight loss, ASA physical status class, fasting glucose level, HbA1c, C-peptide. Results: Two-stage treatment of morbidly obese patients with T2DM promotes complete T2DM remission in 68.1% of patients. The risk prediction model for failure to achieve complete T2DM remission 12 months after LRYGB based on a baseline C-peptide level has a high predictive value, AUC = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.69-0.93), OR = 0.23 ( 95% CI: 0.08-0.67). Conclusions: Two-stage treatment of patients with MO promotes improvement of carbohydrate metabolism indicators. With a C-peptide level > 3.7 ng/ml, prediction of complete T2DM remission 12 months after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass is favorable.

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The frequency of Tim-3 on circulating Tfh cells was increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/2058739220982803 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 205873922098280

Author(s):

Shuai Guo ◽

Xujie Yu ◽

Limei Wang ◽

Jing Jing ◽

Yuanyuan Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

High Glucose ◽

C Peptide ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Tfh Cells ◽

Fasting Plasma ◽

Healthy Donors

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, low-grade inflammation disease. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) are implicated in many immune diseases. This study aims to explore whether Tim-3 expression on Tfh cells is associated with T2DM progression. White blood cells (WBCs) were harvested from 30 patients with T2DM and 20 healthy donors. The abundance of circulating Tfh cells (cTfh) and the frequency of Tim-3 were analyzed by flow cytometry. Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and fasting plasma C-peptide were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and diabetes duration were also recorded. Patients with T2DM had higher numbers of cTfh cells. In addition, cTfh cells showed a negative correlation with HbA1C and diabetes duration, a positive correlation with fasting plasma C-peptide. The frequency of Tim-3 on cTfh cells was higher among T2DM patients compared with healthy donors. The in vitro experiment showed that high glucose levels increased the abundance cTfh cells but had no effect on Tim-3 expression. Our results suggest that cTfh cells and associated Tim-3 frequency may contribute to the progression of T2DM, and high glucose levels may influence cTfh cells directly.

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Correlation between Levels of Vitamins D3 and E in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2288

Author(s):

Nurliyana Najwa Md Razip ◽

Banulata Gopalsamy ◽

Mohd Sokhini Abdul Mutalib ◽

Sui Kiat Chang ◽

Muhammad Mikhail Joseph Anthony Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Case Control ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

C Peptide ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Control Study

An overview of vitamins D3 and E suggests micronutrient deficiency contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted to determine the status of plasma vitamins D3 and E isomers amongst diabetic Malaysians. Two groups were recruited for participation, one comprising fifty diabetic subjects (DM) and one comprising fifty non-diabetic (non-DM) subjects, in order to assess their plasma vitamin D3, calcium and vitamin E status. Glycaemic status (haemoglobin A1c, HbA1c; fasting blood glucose, FBG; C-Peptide) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, TC; triglycerides, TG; low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C; high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C) were assessed, followed by anthropometric measurements. The Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to elucidate the association between levels of plasma vitamins D3 and E and T2DM. The vitamin D3 deficiency group (<20 ng/mL) showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with glycaemic status (HbA1c and FBG) and lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL and TC). Spearman’s correlation demonstrated that vitamin D3 status is strongly correlated with HDL levels (p < 0.05). Similarly, plasma total vitamin E levels >4.9 μg/mL revealed significantly different FBG, HbA1c, C-Peptide, LDL, HDL and TC levels across both groups. Moreover, family history, smoking, waist circumference and HbA1c levels demonstrated a significant association (p < 0.05) with levels of vitamins D and E but not FBG and lipid profiles. This could be because the pre-diabetic status among the non-DM group influenced the outcomes of this study.

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C-Peptide as a Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9030270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Rachel L. Washburn ◽

Karl Mueller ◽

Gurvinder Kaur ◽

Tanir Moreno ◽

Naima Moustaid-Moussa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vascular Complications ◽

The United States ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Pancreatic Islet Transplantation ◽

C Peptide ◽

Increased Risk

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease affecting one-third of the United States population. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, where the hormone insulin is either not produced sufficiently or where there is a resistance to insulin. Patients with Type 1 DM (T1DM), in which the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed by autoimmune mechanisms, have a significantly increased risk of developing life-threatening cardiovascular complications, even when exogenous insulin is administered. In fact, due to various factors such as limited blood glucose measurements and timing of insulin administration, only 37% of T1DM adults achieve normoglycemia. Furthermore, T1DM patients do not produce C-peptide, a cleavage product from insulin processing. C-peptide has potential therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo on many complications of T1DM, such as peripheral neuropathy, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. Thus, delivery of C-peptide in conjunction with insulin through a pump, pancreatic islet transplantation, or genetically engineered Sertoli cells (an immune privileged cell type) may ameliorate many of the cardiovascular and vascular complications afflicting T1DM patients.

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