A novel missense mutation in ADRB3 increases risk for type 2 diabetes in a Mexican American family

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Lehman ◽  
Jeanette Hamlington ◽  
Kelly J. Hunt ◽  
Robin J. Leach ◽  
Rector Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Missense Mutation ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
American Family ◽  
Mexican American Family

scholarly journals A Missense Mutation of Pax4 Gene (R121W) Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese

Diabetes ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2864-2869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shimajiri ◽  
T. Sanke ◽  
H. Furuta ◽  
T. Hanabusa ◽  
T. Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Missense Mutation

scholarly journals Evaluating the contribution of rare variants to type 2 diabetes and related traits using pedigrees

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goo Jun ◽  
Alisa Manning ◽  
Marcio Almeida ◽  
Matthew Zawistowski ◽  
Andrew R. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Mexican American Families ◽  
Extended Pedigrees ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Designs

A major challenge in evaluating the contribution of rare variants to complex disease is identifying enough copies of the rare alleles to permit informative statistical analysis. To investigate the contribution of rare variants to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related traits, we performed deep whole-genome analysis of 1,034 members of 20 large Mexican-American families with high prevalence of T2D. If rare variants of large effect accounted for much of the diabetes risk in these families, our experiment was powered to detect association. Using gene expression data on 21,677 transcripts for 643 pedigree members, we identified evidence for large-effect rare-variant cis-expression quantitative trait loci that could not be detected in population studies, validating our approach. However, we did not identify any rare variants of large effect associated with T2D, or the related traits of fasting glucose and insulin, suggesting that large-effect rare variants account for only a modest fraction of the genetic risk of these traits in this sample of families. Reliable identification of large-effect rare variants will require larger samples of extended pedigrees or different study designs that further enrich for such variants.

Early Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican-American Youth

Diabetes Care ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Neufeld ◽  
L. J. Raffel ◽  
C. Landon ◽  
Y. -D. I. Chen ◽  
C. M. Vadheim
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Mexican American Youth

scholarly journals Association of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy With Type 2 Diabetes in the Hispanic Population of the Rio Grande Valley, Texas, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga ◽  
Dora A. Martinez ◽  
Alvaro Diaz-Badillo ◽  
Liza D. Morales ◽  
Rector Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cell Counts

The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas has one of the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States (US). We report for the first time the T2D prevalence in persons with HIV (PWH) in the RGV and the interrelationship between T2D, cardiometabolic risk factors, HIV-related indices, and antiretroviral therapies (ART). The PWH in this study received medical care at Valley AIDS Council (VAC) clinic sites located in Harlingen and McAllen, Texas. Henceforth, this cohort will be referred to as Valley AIDS Council Cohort (VACC). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using retrospective data obtained from 1,827 registries. It included demographic and anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic traits, and HIV-related virological and immunological indices. For descriptive statistics, we used mean values of the quantitative variables from unbalanced visits across 20 months. Robust regression methods were used to determine the associations. For comparisons, we used cardiometabolic trait data obtained from HIV-uninfected San Antonio Mexican American Family Studies (SAMAFS; N = 2,498), and the Mexican American population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES; N = 5,989). The prevalence of T2D in VACC was 51% compared to 27% in SAMAFS and 19% in HHANES, respectively. The PWH with T2D in VACC were younger (4.7 years) and had lower BMI (BMI 2.43 units less) when compared to SAMAFS individuals. In contrast, VACC individuals had increased blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The increased T2D prevalence in VACC was independent of BMI. Within the VACC, ART was associated with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts but not with metabolic dysfunction. Notably, we found that individuals with any INSTI combination had higher T2D risk: OR 2.08 (95%CI 1.67, 2.6; p < 0.001). In summary, our results suggest that VACC individuals may develop T2D at younger ages independent of obesity. The high burden of T2D in these individuals necessitates rigorously designed longitudinal studies to draw potential causal inferences and develop better treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing from the Inside: Advantages, Complications, and Demands on Insider Positionality

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
American Family ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mexican American Family ◽  
Insider Research

The debate on insider/outsider positionality has raised issues about the methodological advantages and liabilities between the two, yet no clear account exists for what insider scholars can expect when they enter the field. First, I conceptualize how insider positionality can dually benefit and disadvantage the insider. Using a partial review of insider studies, including my study of my multigenerational Mexican American family, I also present a practical discussion on specific insider advantages and complications. In conclusion, I present a new approach to training novice insider scholars that will help them mediate between insider perspective and researcher position, an approach that promises greater rigor to insider research that will serve the goals of qualitative research for social justice in minority and indigenous communities.

Parental Agency in Educational Decision Making: A Mexican American Example

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 3074-3101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margy Mcclain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
American Family ◽  
Mexican American Family ◽  
Educational Decision ◽  
Children's Schooling ◽  
Educational Decision Making ◽  
Urban Parents

Background/Context This article explores the experiences of one Mexican American family as they make a key curriculum choice for their 9-year-old son. Relatively little attention has been paid to parents’ beliefs, attitudes, and, in particular, experiences as they actively engage in—and sometimes affect—their children's schooling. Parents’ agency in utilizing various kinds of educational strategizing, especially immigrant and urban working-class parents, has been overlooked. Deficit theories of low-income families have a long history in educational thought. Although more recent scholarship has debunked these theories, they remain pervasive across the country. Educators often do not recognize the many ways in which urban parents may be involved in their children's schooling. Voices of parents themselves speaking to their experiences with schools are just beginning to emerge. Purpose This article offers a rich example of the educational decision-making process of one Mexican American family. I take a phenomenological approach to examine human agency in specific familial decisions about this child's schooling that support the parents’ own vision of education. Here is a story of thoughtful, reflective decision-making that took place over a period of several years, when the parents finally decided to move their son from a transitional bilingual program at a public school to a parochial school taught in English. Research Design This is a narrative inquiry based on interviews and observations that took place with one family and one focal child through the course of a calendar year. It is situated within the frame of an ethnographic study on the educational life worlds of the family. The analysis draws on van Manen's use of phenomenology to examine how parents reflected upon experience to better understand a situation, resulting in “lived experience,” an understanding of the meanings a particular person finds in an event. Conclusions/Recommendations Immigrant and other urban parents may be actively engaged in their children's education, asking important and valid curriculum questions in ways that remain invisible to educators. I suggest alternatives to deficit theories that render parents’ perspectives invisible. Terms usually reserved for teachers can also be applied to parents: “knowledgeable observers” who make “pedagogically thoughtful” decisions about “curriculum.” This perspective would recommend that educational practice and policy use theoretical frameworks stressing parents’ roles as strong, positive, and active agents on behalf of their children and the need to develop dialogue based on respect. Further qualitative research in particular can provide needed depth in our understanding of parents’ struggles to negotiate the boundaries of culture, history and biography as they guide their children through the complex maze of school.

scholarly journals Farming for life: impact of medical prescriptions for fresh vegetables on cardiometabolic health for adults with or at risk of type 2 diabetes in a predominantly Mexican-American population

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000133
Author(s):  
David Kerr ◽  
Souptik Barua ◽  
Namino Glantz ◽  
Casey Conneely ◽  
Mary Kujan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

IntroductionPoor diet is the leading cause of poor health in USA, with fresh vegetable consumption below recommended levels. We aimed to assess the impact of medical prescriptions for fresh (defined as picked within 72 hours) vegetables, at no cost to participants on cardiometabolic outcomes among adults (predominantly Mexican-American women) with or at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsBetween February 2019 and March 2020, 159 participants (122 female, 75% of Mexican heritage, 31% with non-insulin treated T2D, age 52.5 (13.2) years) were recruited using community outreach materials in English and Spanish, and received prescriptions for 21 servings/week of fresh vegetable for 10 weeks. Pre-post comparisons were made of weight; waist circumference; blood pressure; Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, a measure of long-term blood glucose control); self-reported sleep, mood and pain; vegetable, tortilla and soda consumption. After obtaining devices for this study, 66 of 72 participants asked, agreed to wear blinded continuous glucose monitors (CGM).ResultsPaired data were available for 131 participants. Over 3 months, waist circumference fell (−0.77 (95% CI −1.42 to 0.12) cm, p=0.022), as did systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−2.42 (95% CI −4.56 to 0.28) mm Hg, p=0.037), which was greater among individuals with baseline SBP >130 mm Hg (−7.5 (95% CI −12.4 to 2.6) mm Hg, p=0.005). Weight reduced by −0.4 (−0.7 to –0.04) kg, p=0.029 among women. For participants with baseline HbA1c >7.0%, HbA1c fell by −0.35 (-0.8 to –0.1), p=0.009. For participants with paired CGM data (n=40), time in range 70–180 mg/dL improved (from 97.4% to 98.9%, p<0.01). Food insecurity (p<0.001), tortilla (p<0.0001) and soda (p=0.013) consumption significantly decreased. Self-reported sleep, mood and pain level scores also improved (all p<0.01).ConclusionsMedical prescriptions for fresh vegetables were associated with clinically relevant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life variables (sleep, mood and pain level) in adults (predominantly Mexican-American and female) with or at risk of T2D.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03940300.

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