A Littoral Fauna Index for assessing the impact of lakeshore alterations in Alpine lakes

Ecohydrology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorazd Urbanič
Keyword(s):  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Littoral Fauna ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of UV Radiation onParameciumPopulations from Alpine Lakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kammerlander ◽  
Barbara Tartarotti ◽  
Bettina Sonntag
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
The Impact

A SPILL OF LIGHT FUEL OIL IN THE BALTIC SEA

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
Olof Linden ◽  
Jan Mattsson ◽  
Mats Notini
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Littoral Fauna ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The impact of a spill of about 375 tons of light fuel oil in the southern Baltic Sea has been studied for one year. The spill originated from the tanker Sefir which sank to a 50 meter depth about six nautical miles east of the island of Öland. The study showed that the oil formed droplets which were taken up by zooplankton. Up to 50 percent of the zooplankton died during the acute phase of the spill. The oil droplets were well dispersed and sedimented over large areas. In six weeks during the acute phase of the spill, about 20,500 kilograms of oil sedimented over a 10 square kilometer area around the wreck. This corresponds to about 5.5 percent of the total amount of lost oil. Bivalves showed some uptake of oil. The littoral fauna was reduced drastically over a 10 km stretch of the coast. Only 2 percent of the fauna survived. The biomass and number of species also dropped considerably. One year after the spill, a slight recovery could be observed. The severe impact in the littoral zone was caused by a combination of the high toxicity of the oil and the low water exchange in the shallow water. In addition, the low water temperature preserved the toxic properties of the oil.

Benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of two alpine lakes over the last century: The value of historical data for interpreting environmental changes

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bitušík ◽  
Ferdinand Šporka ◽  
Iľja Krno
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Littoral Fauna ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Fauna ◽  
Term Data

AbstractData on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages of two alpine lakes in the Tatra Mts (Slovakia) collected in 1914, 1933, 1979–1982, 1993–1997, and 2000 were collated and analysed in an attempt to define their relationship to major environmental events affecting these alpine lakes over the last century. The oldest data were considered an important background before the onset of acidification in one of the lakes in the 1950s, while the most current contain possible information on biological recovery. Results show that data from the 1910s are insufficient to characterize the macroinvertebrate fauna. Deep zone assemblages of both studied lakes have remained stable since the 1930s. Changes in the density of dominant species over time were found in the acidified lake, suggesting a connection between an increase in phosphorus and chlorophyll-a concentration. The composition of the littoral assemblages in the acidified lake in the 1930s indicates that the lake was not strongly acidified at that time. A stable composition since the 1980s reflects the ongoing acid stress. Incomplete species data on the non-acidified lake did not allow us to detect possible changes in the littoral fauna related to acidification. Single findings of species indicating a recovery process need longer-term data to confirm such a trend. Results from this study suggest that historical datasets consist of valuable information that can supplement palaeolimnological analyses in the reconstruction of lake ontogeny.

Impact of introduced fish on Common frog (Rana temporaria) close to its altitudinal limit in alpine lakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Tiberti ◽  
Achaz von Hardenberg
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Common Frog ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Introduced Fish ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Altitudinal Limit ◽  
The Impact

Alien fish species have been introduced into naturally fishless mountain lakes worldwide, with negative consequences for native fauna. This study describes the impact of introduced Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on Common frog (Rana temporaria) in the Gran Paradiso National Park (Western Italian Alps). We conducted an extensive, six years long (2006-2011) monitoring campaign over 12 fishless and 8 stocked lakes, close to the new altitudinal limit of R. temporaria (2811 m a.s.l.). This new altitudinal limit is reported for the first time in this study. The presence of introduced fish was a factor of ecological exclusion, negatively affecting the presence of frogs and compromising the suitability of alpine lakes as breeding sites. These results are likely to depend on larval predation or to selective avoidance of stocked lakes by R. temporaria. Eradication of introduced fish is proposed as a conservation measure to recover amphibian populations in alpine lake ecosystems.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Impact of Hiking Tourism on the Ecological Status of Alpine Lakes—A Case Study of the Valley of Dolina Pięciu Stawów Polskich in the Tatra Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2963
Author(s):  
Adam Senetra ◽  
Piotr Dynowski ◽  
Iwona Cieślak ◽  
Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
The Impact

Eutrophication is one of the major threats to the quality of water in high mountain lakes. The inflow of elements having biological origin may significantly aggravate the ecological status of those ecosystems. For this reason, the aim of this study was to map and assess the impact of anthropogenic pressure on alpine lakes in the valley of Dolina Pięciu Stawów Polskich (known in English as the Valley of Five Polish Lakes) in the Tatra National Park in Poland. The effects of tourism and easy access to alpine lakes on changes in their ecological status were determined. Tourist trails were evaluated based on the difficulty of access to the water surface of analyzed alpine lakes, with a method developed for assessing anthropogenic pressure on aquatic ecosystems. The method, deployed for the first time in 2019, was modified and adapted to the local environmental conditions in the research area. The results of this study indicate that tourism pressure contributes to the growth of submerged vegetation in alpine lakes. The presence of aquatic plants (including vascular plants) shows ecosystem response to water enrichment with biogenic substances. The present findings were used to formulate practical recommendations and propose modifications to the evaluated hiking trails. The research method developed in the study can support analysis and control of tourist traffic, thus reducing anthropogenic pressure on alpine lakes in national parks located in mountain areas.

scholarly journals The Impact of Recreational Activities on Aquatic Vegetation in Alpine Lakes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Dynowski ◽  
Adam Senetra ◽  
Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik ◽  
Jacek Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Tatra National Park ◽  
The Impact

Tourism pressure on protected areas with attractive landscapes leads to environmental modifications. Eutrophication poses the main threat to the quality of water in alpine lakes. Even small inflows of biogenic elements can disrupt the ecological balance of these ecosystems. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that recreational activities and easy access to alpine lakes contribute to changes in their ecological status. This hypothesis was verified by analyzing the presence of hydromacrophytes in two lakes of the Tatra National Park (Poland). The analysis was carried out along segments of hiking trails which were evaluated for accessibility to the studied lakes. Underwater surveys were carried out during scuba diving expeditions in 2012–2016. Submerged vegetation was evaluated in both lakes. This is the first study in Poland and one of the few projects in the world to have relied on such extensive support from scuba divers to generate highly accurate measurements. The study demonstrated that lake bottoms were extensively covered by Potamogeton friesii in the vicinity of trail segments with easy access to lakes. Our results show that tourism pressure contributes to the growth of aquatic vegetation in some areas of alpine lakes. We relied on our findings to propose several modifications to the routes of the evaluated tourist trails to minimize the impact of anthropogenic pressure on the studied lakes.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

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